[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:keigo-kihon":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":79,"quiz":80},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":78},"article","bj-keigo-kihon","keigo-kihon","ビジネス敬語の基本 — 尊敬語・謙譲語・丁寧語の使い分け","Business Keigo Basics — Distinguishing Sonkeigo, Kenjougo, and Teineigo","business-japanese","A practical guide to the three pillars of Japanese business honorifics. Learn how\nto elevate the listener with sonkeigo, humble yourself with kenjougo, and stay\npolite with teineigo — plus 15 high-frequency verb conversions and the most\ncommon mistakes (including double honorifics) that trip up new professionals.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-keigo-kihon.png",[15,20,25,29,33,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66,70,74],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"敬語","けいご","honorific language","N3",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":24},"尊敬語","そんけいご","respectful language (subject elevation)","N2",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":24},"謙譲語","けんじょうご","humble language (self-lowering)",{"word":30,"reading":31,"meaning":32,"level":19},"丁寧語","ていねいご","polite language",{"word":34,"reading":35,"meaning":36,"level":37},"二重敬語","にじゅうけいご","double honorifics (incorrect)","N1",{"word":39,"reading":40,"meaning":41,"level":24},"伺う","うかがう","to visit \u002F to ask (humble)",{"word":43,"reading":44,"meaning":45,"level":24},"拝見する","はいけんする","to look at (humble)",{"word":47,"reading":48,"meaning":49,"level":19},"申す","もうす","to say (humble)",{"word":51,"reading":52,"meaning":53,"level":19},"仰る","おっしゃる","to say (respectful)",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":19},"御覧になる","ごらんになる","to look at (respectful)",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":19},"召し上がる","めしあがる","to eat (respectful)",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":37},"承る","うけたまわる","to accept \u002F to hear (humble)",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":24},"謙遜","けんそん","humility \u002F modesty",{"word":71,"reading":72,"meaning":73,"level":24},"取引先","とりひきさき","business partner \u002F client",{"word":75,"reading":76,"meaning":77,"level":19},"上司","じょうし","superior \u002F boss","bj-keigo-quiz","\n::heading\n[敬語]{けいご:honorifics:N2}は[日本企業]{にほんきぎょう:Japanese companies:N1}の[共通語]{きょうつうご:common language:N3}\n\n#en\nKeigo is the common language of Japanese companies\n::\n\n::para\n[敬語]{けいご:honorifics:N2}は[相手]{あいて:counterpart:N3}との[距離感]{きょりかん:sense of distance:N1}を[正]{ただ::N4}しく[表現]{ひょうげん:express:N3}するための[道具]{どうぐ:tool:N3}です。[特]{とく::N4}に[ビジネス]{びじねす:business}の[場]{ば:setting:N4}では、[年齢]{ねんれい:age:N2}・[役職]{やくしょく:position:N3}・[社内外]{しゃないがい:inside or outside the company:N3}の[関係]{かんけい:relationship:N3}によって[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}ける[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nKeigo is a tool for correctly expressing the distance between you and the other person. In business settings especially, you need to switch styles depending on age, job title, and whether the person is inside or outside your company.\n::\n\n::para\n[現代]{げんだい:modern:N3}の[文化庁]{ぶんかちょう:Agency for Cultural Affairs:N2}の[分類]{ぶんるい:classification:N3}では[敬語]{けいご:honorifics:N2}は[五種類]{ごしゅるい:five types:N3}とされていますが、[実務]{じつむ:practical work:N3}では[従来通]{じゅうらいどお::N1}り[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful language:N2}・[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble language:N1}・[丁寧語]{ていねいご:polite language:N1}の[三本柱]{さんぼんばしら:three pillars:N2}で[覚]{おぼ::N3}えると[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}しやすいです。\n\n#en\nThe Agency for Cultural Affairs now classifies keigo into five categories, but in practice it's easiest to remember the traditional three pillars: sonkeigo, kenjougo, and teineigo.\n::\n\n::heading\n[尊敬語]{そんけいご::N2} — [相手]{あいて::N3}を[高]{たか::N5}める\n\n#en\nSonkeigo — elevating the other person\n::\n\n::para\n[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful language:N2}は[相手]{あいて:counterpart:N3}や[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}の[行為]{こうい:action:N1}を[高]{たか::N5}めて[表現]{ひょうげん:express:N3}します。[主語]{しゅご:subject:N4}は[必]{かなら::N3}ず[相手]{あいて:other party:N3}です。「[お]{お}+[動詞連用形]{どうしれんようけい:verb stem:N2}+になる」「ご+[漢語]{かんご:Sino-Japanese word:N4}+になる」が[基本形]{きほんけい:basic form:N1}ですが、[特殊形]{とくしゅけい:special forms:N1}を[持]{も::N4}つ[動詞]{どうし:verbs:N2}も[多]{おお::N4}く[存在]{そんざい:exist:N3}します。\n\n#en\nSonkeigo elevates the actions of the other person or a third party. The subject is always the other party. The basic patterns are \"o + verb stem + ni naru\" and \"go + Sino-Japanese word + ni naru,\" but many verbs have dedicated special forms.\n::\n\n::callout\n[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful:N2}の[代表例]{だいひょうれい:representative examples:N3}：いる→いらっしゃる、[行]{い::N5}く・[来]{く::N5}る→いらっしゃる、[言]{い::N4}う→おっしゃる、[見]{み::N5}る→[御覧]{ごらん:see (respectful):N1}になる、[食]{た::N5}べる→[召]{め::N2}し[上]{あ::N5}がる、する→なさる、[知]{し::N4}る→[ご存]{ごぞん::N3}じだ。\n\n#en\nCommon sonkeigo: iru → irassharu; iku\u002Fkuru → irassharu; iu → ossharu; miru → goran ni naru; taberu → meshiagaru; suru → nasaru; shiru → gozonji da.\n::\n\n::heading\n[謙譲語]{けんじょうご::N1} — [自分]{じぶん::N4}を[低]{ひく::N2}める\n\n#en\nKenjougo — lowering yourself\n::\n\n::para\n[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble language:N1}は[自分]{じぶん:self:N4}や[身内]{みうち:in-group \u002F family or coworkers:N3}の[行為]{こうい:action:N1}を[低]{ひく::N2}めて[表現]{ひょうげん:express:N3}し、[結果的]{けっかてき:as a result:N1}に[相手]{あいて:other party:N3}を[高]{たか::N5}めます。[基本形]{きほんけい:basic form:N1}は「お+[動詞連用形]{どうしれんようけい:verb stem:N2}+する」「ご+[漢語]{かんご:Sino-Japanese word:N4}+する」です。[社外]{しゃがい:outside the company:N4}の[人]{ひと::N5}に[自社]{じしゃ:own company:N4}の[上司]{じょうし:boss:N1}の[行動]{こうどう:actions:N4}を[語]{かた::N5}る[時]{とき::N5}も[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble form:N1}を[使]{つか::N4}う[点]{てん:point:N3}が[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}です。\n\n#en\nKenjougo lowers your own actions or those of your in-group, which by contrast elevates the listener. The basic patterns are \"o + verb stem + suru\" and \"go + Sino-Japanese word + suru.\" Crucially, when speaking to outsiders about your own boss's actions, you must still use kenjougo.\n::\n\n::callout\n[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble:N1}の[代表例]{だいひょうれい:representative examples:N3}：[行]{い::N5}く・[来]{く::N5}る→[伺]{うかが::N2}う・[参]{まい::N3}る、[言]{い::N4}う→[申]{もう::N3}す・[申]{もう::N3}し[上]{あ::N5}げる、[見]{み::N5}る→[拝見]{はいけん:see (humble):N2}する、[聞]{き::N5}く→[伺]{うかが::N2}う・[承]{うけたまわ::N2}る、する→いたす、[知]{し::N4}る→[存]{ぞん::N3}じる、[食]{た::N5}べる→いただく、[会]{あ::N4}う→お[目]{め::N4}にかかる。\n\n#en\nCommon kenjougo: iku\u002Fkuru → ukagau \u002F mairu; iu → mousu \u002F moushiageru; miru → haiken suru; kiku → ukagau \u002F uketamawaru; suru → itasu; shiru → zonjiru; taberu → itadaku; au → o-me ni kakaru.\n::\n\n::heading\n[丁寧語]{ていねいご::N1} — [文末]{ぶんまつ::N3}を[整]{ととの::N1}える\n\n#en\nTeineigo — polishing the sentence ending\n::\n\n::para\n[丁寧語]{ていねいご:polite language:N1}は「です・ます」と[接頭語]{せっとうご:prefix:N2}「お・ご」による[基本的]{きほんてき:basic:N1}な[丁寧]{ていねい:polite:N1}さです。[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful:N2}・[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble:N1}と[組]{く::N3}み[合]{あ::N3}わせて[使]{つか::N4}います。「[コーヒー]{こーひー:coffee}でございます」のように「ある」の[丁寧形]{ていねいけい:polite form:N1}「ございます」は[接客]{せっきゃく:customer service:N2}で[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently appears:N1}します。\n\n#en\nTeineigo is the baseline politeness of \"desu\u002Fmasu\" plus the prefixes \"o\" and \"go.\" It combines with sonkeigo and kenjougo. The polite form of \"aru\" — \"gozaimasu\" — appears constantly in customer-facing contexts (\"Kohi de gozaimasu\").\n::\n\n::heading\n[頻出動詞変換表]{ひんしゅつどうしへんかんひょう::N1} — [15語]{じゅうごご::N5}\n\n#en\nHigh-frequency verb conversion table — 15 verbs\n::\n\n::para\n[次]{つぎ::N3}の[一覧]{いちらん:list:N1}は[ビジネス]{びじねす:business}の[現場]{げんば:workplace:N3}で[最]{もっと::N3}もよく[使]{つか::N4}う[15動詞]{じゅうごどうし:fifteen verbs:N2}を、[普通形]{ふつうけい:plain:N2}・[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful:N2}・[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble:N1}の[順]{じゅん:order:N2}で[並]{なら::N2}べたものです。[暗記]{あんき:memorize:N3}しておくと[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}・[来客対応]{らいきゃくたいおう:visitor handling:N1}・[会議]{かいぎ:meetings:N3}で[即]{そく::N1}[反応]{はんのう:react:N1}できるようになります。\n\n#en\nThe following list contains the 15 most frequent business verbs in plain \u002F sonkeigo \u002F kenjougo order. Memorizing them lets you react instantly on the phone, with visitors, and in meetings.\n::\n\n::callout\n1. [行]{い::N5}く → いらっしゃる \u002F [伺]{うかが::N2}う・[参]{まい::N3}る\n2. [来]{く::N5}る → いらっしゃる・[お見]{おみ::N5}えになる \u002F [参]{まい::N3}る\n3. いる → いらっしゃる \u002F おる\n4. [言]{い::N4}う → おっしゃる \u002F [申]{もう::N3}す・[申]{もう::N3}し[上]{あ::N5}げる\n5. [見]{み::N5}る → [御覧]{ごらん::N1}になる \u002F [拝見]{はいけん::N2}する\n6. [聞]{き::N5}く → お[聞]{き::N5}きになる \u002F [伺]{うかが::N2}う・[承]{うけたまわ::N2}る\n7. [会]{あ::N4}う → お[会]{あ::N4}いになる \u002F お[目]{め::N4}にかかる\n8. [食]{た::N5}べる → [召]{め::N2}し[上]{あ::N5}がる \u002F いただく\n9. する → なさる \u002F いたす\n10. [知]{し::N4}る → [ご存]{ごぞん::N3}じだ \u002F [存]{ぞん::N3}じる・[存]{ぞん::N3}じ[上]{あ::N5}げる\n11. [思]{おも::N4}う → [お思]{おおも::N4}いになる \u002F [存]{ぞん::N3}じる\n12. [与]{あた::N3}える → くださる \u002F [差]{さ::N3}し[上]{あ::N5}げる\n13. [もらう]{もらう} → お[受]{う::N3}けになる \u002F いただく・[頂戴]{ちょうだい:receive (humble):N1}する\n14. [読]{よ::N5}む → お[読]{よ::N5}みになる \u002F [拝読]{はいどく:read (humble):N2}する\n15. [尋]{たず::N1}ねる → お[尋]{たず::N1}ねになる \u002F [伺]{うかが::N2}う\n\n#en\n1. iku → irassharu \u002F ukagau, mairu  2. kuru → irassharu, o-mie ni naru \u002F mairu  3. iru → irassharu \u002F oru  4. iu → ossharu \u002F mousu, moushiageru  5. miru → goran ni naru \u002F haiken suru  6. kiku → o-kiki ni naru \u002F ukagau, uketamawaru  7. au → o-ai ni naru \u002F o-me ni kakaru  8. taberu → meshiagaru \u002F itadaku  9. suru → nasaru \u002F itasu  10. shiru → gozonji da \u002F zonjiru  11. omou → o-omoi ni naru \u002F zonjiru  12. ataeru → kudasaru \u002F sashiageru  13. morau → o-uke ni naru \u002F itadaku, choudai suru  14. yomu → o-yomi ni naru \u002F haidoku suru  15. tazuneru → o-tazune ni naru \u002F ukagau\n::\n\n::heading\n[二重敬語]{にじゅうけいご::N2} — [やってはいけない過剰敬語]{かじょうけいご::N1}\n\n#en\nDouble honorifics — the over-polite mistake to avoid\n::\n\n::para\n[二重敬語]{にじゅうけいご:double honorifics:N2}は[一]{ひと::N5}つの[動詞]{どうし:verb:N2}に[同種]{どうしゅ:same type:N3}の[敬語]{けいご:honorific:N2}を[二重]{にじゅう:doubly:N4}に[適用]{てきよう:apply:N3}した[誤用]{ごよう:misuse:N3}です。[文化庁]{ぶんかちょう:Agency for Cultural Affairs:N2}も[公式]{こうしき:officially:N3}に[避]{さ::N1}けるべきとしています。[丁寧]{ていねい:polite:N1}に[聞]{き::N5}こえるどころか[幼稚]{ようち:childish:N1}・[不自然]{ふしぜん:unnatural:N3}な[印象]{いんしょう:impression:N2}を[与]{あた::N3}えます。\n\n#en\nA double honorific is the misuse of stacking two honorifics of the same type onto one verb. The Agency for Cultural Affairs officially discourages it. Far from sounding polite, it comes across as childish and awkward.\n::\n\n::callout\n[誤用]{ごよう:misuse:N3}の[例]{れい:examples:N3}：\n- ❌ お[見]{み::N5}えになられる → ⭕ お[見]{み::N5}えになる\n- ❌ おっしゃられる → ⭕ おっしゃる\n- ❌ [拝見]{はいけん::N2}させていただく → ⭕ [拝見]{はいけん::N2}する\n- ❌ ご[覧]{らん::N1}になられる → ⭕ ご[覧]{らん::N1}になる\n- ❌ お[召]{め::N2}し[上]{あ::N5}がりになる → ⭕ [召]{め::N2}し[上]{あ::N5}がる\n\n#en\nExamples of misuse:\n- WRONG o-mie ni narareru → CORRECT o-mie ni naru\n- WRONG ossharareru → CORRECT ossharu\n- WRONG haiken sasete itadaku → CORRECT haiken suru\n- WRONG goran ni narareru → CORRECT goran ni naru\n- WRONG o-meshiagari ni naru → CORRECT meshiagaru\n::\n\n::heading\n[内]{うち::N3}と[外]{そと::N5} — [社内外]{しゃないがい::N3}での[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}け\n\n#en\nIn-group vs. out-group — switching by audience\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}のビジネス[敬語]{けいご:keigo:N2}で[最]{もっと::N3}も[難]{むずか::N3}しいのは「ウチ・ソト」の[概念]{がいねん:concept:N1}です。[社外]{しゃがい:outside the company:N4}の[人]{ひと:person:N5}と[話]{はな::N5}す[時]{とき::N5}は、[自社]{じしゃ:own company:N4}の[社長]{しゃちょう:president:N4}でさえ[呼]{よ::N3}び[捨]{す::N2}てにし、[行動]{こうどう:action:N4}は[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:kenjougo:N1}で[語]{かた::N5}ります。\n\n#en\nThe hardest part of business keigo is the \"uchi\u002Fsoto\" (in-group \u002F out-group) concept. When speaking with outsiders, you refer to even your own company's president without honorifics and describe their actions in kenjougo.\n::\n\n::callout\n[例]{れい:example:N3}：[取引先]{とりひきさき:client:N3}に[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}で「[山田]{やまだ::N4}は[ただいま][外出]{がいしゅつ:out:N5}しております」と[言]{い::N4}う。[社内]{しゃない:internal:N3}では「[山田]{やまだ::N4}[部長]{ぶちょう:division manager:N3}はご[不在]{ふざい:absent:N3}です」と[言]{い::N4}うのが[正]{ただ::N4}しい。\n\n#en\nExample: On the phone with a client, say \"Yamada wa tadaima gaishutsu shite orimasu.\" Internally, the correct version is \"Yamada-buchou wa go-fuzai desu.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[業種別]{ぎょうしゅべつ::N3}の[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}け — [接客]{せっきゃく::N2}と[一般職]{いっぱんしょく::N2}\n\n#en\nBy industry — service work vs. general office work\n::\n\n::para\n[百貨店]{ひゃっかてん:department store:N2}・[ホテル]{ほてる:hotel}・[銀行窓口]{ぎんこうまどぐち:bank counter:N3}などの[接客業]{せっきゃくぎょう:hospitality industry:N2}では「[いらっしゃいませ]{いらっしゃいませ:welcome}」「[少々]{しょうしょう:a little:N4}お[待]{ま::N4}ちくださいませ」といった[最高敬語]{さいこうけいご:highest level keigo:N2}が[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}です。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[IT企業]{あいてぃーきぎょう:IT companies:N1}や[一般事務]{いっぱんじむ:general office work:N2}では[過剰]{かじょう:excessive:N1}な[美化語]{びかご:beautified language:N3}より[簡潔]{かんけつ:concise:N1}・[正確]{せいかく:accurate:N3}な[敬語]{けいご:keigo:N2}が[評価]{ひょうか:evaluate:N1}されます。\n\n#en\nAt department stores, hotels, and bank counters, the highest-tier keigo like \"Irasshaimase\" and \"Shoushou o-machi kudasaimase\" is the standard. By contrast, IT companies and general office roles value concise, accurate keigo over excessive beautification.\n::\n\n::heading\n[練習]{れんしゅう::N2}の[ポイント]{ぽいんと}\n\n#en\nPractice tips\n::\n\n::para\n[敬語]{けいご:keigo:N2}は[頭]{あたま:head:N3}で[考]{かんが::N4}えるものではなく[口]{くち:mouth:N4}が[覚]{おぼ::N3}えるものです。[電話対応]{でんわたいおう:phone handling:N1}の[定型句]{ていけいく:set phrases:N1}を[毎朝]{まいあさ:every morning:N4}[音読]{おんどく:read aloud:N4}し、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[会議]{かいぎ:meetings:N3}では[先輩]{せんぱい:senior colleague:N1}の[言]{い::N4}い[回]{まわ::N3}しを[真似]{まね::N3}ることが[最短]{さいたん:shortest:N2}の[習得方法]{しゅうとくほうほう:learning method:N3}です。\n\n#en\nKeigo is learned by the mouth, not the head. Read phone-handling set phrases aloud every morning and mimic your senpai's phrasing in actual meetings — that's the fastest path to fluency.\n::\n\n::callout\n[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}の[最後]{さいご:end:N3}に[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}テスト「ビジネス敬語確認テスト」を[用意]{ようい:prepare:N4}しています。[尊敬語]{そんけいご:respectful:N2}・[謙譲語]{けんじょうご:humble:N1}の[判別]{はんべつ:distinction:N3}と[二重敬語]{にじゅうけいご:double honorifics:N2}の[発見]{はっけん:detection:N4}を[8問]{はちもん:eight questions:N4}で[試]{ため::N4}してみましょう。\n\n#en\nA check test \"Business Keigo Confirmation Test\" is provided at the end of this article. Use the eight questions to practice distinguishing sonkeigo from kenjougo and spotting double honorifics.\n::\n",{"id":78,"title":81,"titleEn":82,"topicPath":10,"questions":83},"ビジネス敬語確認テスト","Business Keigo Confirmation Test",[84,111,135,158,180,202,226,249],{"id":85,"articleId":6,"question":86,"options":89,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":106,"tags":109},"bj-keigo-quiz-q01",{"en":87,"jp":88},"When asking client Tanaka 'Is your division manager Suzuki in right now?', which expression is most appropriate?","取引先の田中さんに『御社の鈴木部長は今いますか』と聞きたい時、最も適切な表現はどれか。",[90,94,98,102],{"label":91,"jp":92,"en":93},"ア","鈴木部長は今いますか","Is Suzuki-buchou here now?",{"label":95,"jp":96,"en":97},"イ","鈴木部長はいらっしゃいますか","Is Suzuki-buchou here? (sonkeigo)",{"label":99,"jp":100,"en":101},"ウ","鈴木部長はおりますか","Is Suzuki-buchou here? (kenjougo)",{"label":103,"jp":104,"en":105},"エ","鈴木部長はおいでなさいますか","Is Suzuki-buchou here? (overformal)",{"en":107,"jp":108},"You're asking about someone on the other party's side, so use sonkeigo 'irassharu.' 'Oru' is kenjougo and incorrect when referring to the other party.","相手側の人物の在籍を尋ねるので尊敬語『いらっしゃる』を使う。『おる』は謙譲語なので相手に対しては誤り。",[110],"sonkeigo",{"id":112,"articleId":6,"question":113,"options":116,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":129,"tags":132},"bj-keigo-quiz-q02",{"en":114,"jp":115},"When speaking about your own boss to a client, which expression is most appropriate?","自社の部長について取引先に話す時、最も適切な表現はどれか。",[117,120,123,126],{"label":91,"jp":118,"en":119},"山田部長は明日伺います","Yamada-buchou will visit tomorrow",{"label":95,"jp":121,"en":122},"山田はあした参ります","Yamada will visit tomorrow (humble)",{"label":99,"jp":124,"en":125},"山田部長はあすいらっしゃいます","Yamada-buchou will go tomorrow (sonkeigo)",{"label":103,"jp":127,"en":128},"山田はあすお見えになります","Yamada will appear tomorrow (sonkeigo on own boss)",{"en":130,"jp":131},"When speaking about your own people to outsiders, use no honorific suffix and kenjougo even for bosses. 'Mairu' is the kenjougo of 'iku.'","社外の人に対して自社の人物を語る時は、たとえ上司でも呼び捨て+謙譲語を使うのが原則。『参る』は『行く』の謙譲語。",[133,134],"uchi-soto","kenjougo",{"id":136,"articleId":6,"question":137,"options":140,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":153,"tags":156},"bj-keigo-quiz-q03",{"en":138,"jp":139},"'Shachou ga sono you ni osshararemashita' is incorrect. What is the best reason?","『社長がそのようにおっしゃられました』は誤用である。理由として最も適切なものはどれか。",[141,144,147,150],{"label":91,"jp":142,"en":143},"丁寧語が足りない","Insufficient teineigo",{"label":95,"jp":145,"en":146},"謙譲語を使うべきだった","Should have used kenjougo",{"label":99,"jp":148,"en":149},"二重敬語になっている","It's a double honorific",{"label":103,"jp":151,"en":152},"『社長』に様を付けていない","'Shachou' is missing -sama",{"en":154,"jp":155},"'Ossharu' is already sonkeigo; adding the respectful auxiliary 'rareru' creates a double honorific. The correct form is 'osshaimashita.'","『おっしゃる』は既に尊敬語であり、これに尊敬の助動詞『られる』を重ねると二重敬語になる。正しくは『おっしゃいました』。",[157],"nijuu-keigo",{"id":159,"articleId":6,"question":160,"options":163,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":176,"tags":179},"bj-keigo-quiz-q04",{"en":161,"jp":162},"After being shown a document by your superior Tanaka-buchou, which is the right honorific phrasing for 'I was shown the document'?","上司の田中部長から書類を見せてもらった後、『書類を見せてもらった』を敬語で言うとどれが適切か。",[164,167,170,173],{"label":91,"jp":165,"en":166},"書類をご覧になりました","I goran ni narimashita the document",{"label":95,"jp":168,"en":169},"書類を拝見いたしました","I haiken itashimashita the document",{"label":99,"jp":171,"en":172},"書類を見られました","I miraremashita the document",{"label":103,"jp":174,"en":175},"書類をお見せになりました","I o-mise ni narimashita the document",{"en":177,"jp":178},"For your own act of seeing, use kenjougo 'haiken suru.' 'Goran ni naru' elevates the other party's act of seeing and is incorrect here.","自分が見る行為は謙譲語『拝見する』を使う。『ご覧になる』は相手の見る行為を高める尊敬語なので誤り。",[134],{"id":181,"articleId":6,"question":182,"options":185,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":198,"tags":201},"bj-keigo-quiz-q05",{"en":183,"jp":184},"On the phone, you said 'Sumimasen, mou ichido o-namae o o-ukagai shitemo yoroshii deshou ka.' What is the issue?","電話で『すみません、もう一度お名前をお伺いしてもよろしいでしょうか』と言った。この表現の問題点は何か。",[186,189,192,195],{"label":91,"jp":187,"en":188},"問題なく完璧な敬語である","It's perfect keigo with no problem",{"label":95,"jp":190,"en":191},"『お伺いする』は二重敬語","'O-ukagai suru' is a double honorific",{"label":99,"jp":193,"en":194},"『すみません』は不適切","'Sumimasen' is inappropriate",{"label":103,"jp":196,"en":197},"『よろしいでしょうか』が砕けすぎる","'Yoroshii deshou ka' is too casual",{"en":199,"jp":200},"'Ukagau' is already kenjougo, so adding the humble prefix 'o' is technically a double honorific. The Agency for Cultural Affairs tolerates it, but traditionally 'ukagattemo yoroshii deshou ka' is correct.","『伺う』は既に謙譲語であり、これに謙譲の接頭語『お』を付けるのは厳密には二重敬語。文化庁は許容しているが、伝統的には『伺ってもよろしいでしょうか』が正しい。",[157],{"id":203,"articleId":6,"question":204,"options":207,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":220,"tags":223},"bj-keigo-quiz-q06",{"en":205,"jp":206},"When serving coffee to a customer, which is the most appropriate phrasing?","客にコーヒーを出す時、最も適切な言い方はどれか。",[208,211,214,217],{"label":91,"jp":209,"en":210},"コーヒーになります","It becomes coffee",{"label":95,"jp":212,"en":213},"コーヒーでございます","It is coffee (gozaimasu)",{"label":99,"jp":215,"en":216},"コーヒーのほうをお持ちしました","I brought the coffee-direction",{"label":103,"jp":218,"en":219},"コーヒーをいただきました","I received the coffee",{"en":221,"jp":222},"The polite form of 'desu,' 'de gozaimasu,' is correct. 'Ni narimasu' is the so-called bait-keigo (part-time-job keigo) misuse; '~no hou' is vague and unsuitable for service.","『です』の丁寧形『でございます』が正解。『になります』はバイト敬語と呼ばれる誤用、『〜のほう』も曖昧で接客には不適。",[224,225],"teineigo","baito-keigo",{"id":227,"articleId":6,"question":228,"options":231,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":244,"tags":247},"bj-keigo-quiz-q07",{"en":229,"jp":230},"When your boss returns from a meeting room, which is the appropriate way to address them?","上司が会議室から戻ってきた時、声をかける適切な表現は次のどれか。",[232,235,238,241],{"label":91,"jp":233,"en":234},"ご苦労様でした","Gokurousama deshita",{"label":95,"jp":236,"en":237},"お疲れ様です","Otsukaresama desu",{"label":99,"jp":239,"en":240},"頑張ってください","Ganbatte kudasai",{"label":103,"jp":242,"en":243},"お元気ですか","O-genki desu ka",{"en":245,"jp":246},"'Gokurousama' is from a superior to a junior; using it on your boss is rude. 'Otsukaresama' is the only universal phrase for internal acknowledgment.","『ご苦労様』は目上から目下への労いの言葉で、上司に使うと失礼。『お疲れ様』は社内の労いに使える唯一の万能表現。",[248],"aisatsu",{"id":250,"articleId":6,"question":251,"options":254,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":267,"tags":270},"bj-keigo-quiz-q08",{"en":252,"jp":253},"Replying 'I understand' to a client request — which is the best business keigo?","取引先からの依頼に対して『分かりました』をビジネス敬語で言うと最適なのはどれか。",[255,258,261,264],{"label":91,"jp":256,"en":257},"了解しました","Ryoukai shimashita",{"label":95,"jp":259,"en":260},"分かりました","Wakarimashita",{"label":99,"jp":262,"en":263},"承知いたしました","Shouchi itashimashita",{"label":103,"jp":265,"en":266},"オーケーです","Okay desu",{"en":268,"jp":269},"'Shouchi itashimashita' is the most polite and suited for external use. 'Ryoukai shimashita' is for peers or juniors; 'wakarimashita' is somewhat casual; 'Okay desu' is too casual.","『承知いたしました』が最も丁寧で社外向け。『了解しました』は同僚〜目下、『分かりました』はやや砕け、『オーケーです』はカジュアル過ぎ。",[271],"response"]