[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:tenshoku-resume":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":78,"quiz":79},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":77},"article","bj-tenshoku-resume","tenshoku-resume","転職活動の進め方 — 履歴書と職務経歴書の書き方","Job Hunting in Japan: Writing Rirekisho and Shokumu-keirekisho","business-japanese","Japan splits the resume into two distinct documents — 履歴書 (standardized\npersonal data form) and 職務経歴書 (free-form work history). This guide\ncovers what each contains, the still-common photo requirement, common\nmistakes foreign applicants make, and engineer-specific tips for the\n職務経歴書.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-tenshoku-resume.png",[15,20,24,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,73],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"転職","てんしょく","career change \u002F changing jobs","N2",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"履歴書","りれきしょ","standardized personal-data resume",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":28},"職務経歴書","しょくむけいれきしょ","work-history document","N1",{"word":30,"reading":31,"meaning":32,"level":28},"志望動機","しぼうどうき","reason for applying",{"word":34,"reading":35,"meaning":36,"level":28},"自己PR","じこピーアール","self-promotion section",{"word":38,"reading":39,"meaning":40,"level":28},"職歴","しょくれき","work history",{"word":42,"reading":43,"meaning":44,"level":28},"学歴","がくれき","education history",{"word":46,"reading":47,"meaning":48,"level":19},"資格","しかく","qualification",{"word":50,"reading":51,"meaning":52,"level":28},"内定","ないてい","informal job offer",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":19},"退職","たいしょく","resignation",{"word":58,"reading":59,"meaning":60,"level":19},"採用","さいよう","hiring",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":28},"配属","はいぞく","assignment to a team \u002F role",{"word":66,"reading":67,"meaning":68,"level":19},"年収","ねんしゅう","annual income",{"word":70,"reading":71,"meaning":72,"level":28},"在職中","ざいしょくちゅう","currently employed",{"word":74,"reading":75,"meaning":76,"level":28},"即戦力","そくせんりょく","ready-to-perform talent","bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}で[転職]{てんしょく:job change:N3}する[際]{さい:occasion:N3}、[応募]{おうぼ:apply:N1}[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}は[基本的]{きほんてき:basically:N1}に[二]{に:two:N5}つに[分]{わ:divide:N5}かれます。[一]{いち:one:N5}つは[履歴書]{りれきしょ:standardized resume:N1}、もう[一]{ひと:one:N5}つは[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:work-history document:N2}です。[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[圏]{けん:zone:N1}の[履歴書]{りれきしょ:resume:N1}を[一]{ひと:one:N5}つ[作]{つく:create:N4}れば[応用]{おうよう:apply:N1}できる、というわけにはいきません。[書式]{しょしき:format:N3}も[使]{つか:use:N4}い[分]{わ:divide:N5}けも[全]{まった:entirely:N3}く[異]{こと:differ:N1}なるからです。\n\n#en\nWhen changing jobs in Japan, application documents are basically split into two: the 履歴書 (rirekisho) and the 職務経歴書 (shokumu-keirekisho). You can't simply repurpose a Western-style resume — the formats and roles of each are completely different.\n::\n\n::heading\n[履歴書]{りれきしょ:standardized resume:N1}と[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:work-history doc:N2}の[違]{ちが:difference:N3}い\n\n#en\nThe difference between 履歴書 and 職務経歴書\n::\n\n::para\n[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}は[標準化]{ひょうじゅんか:standardized:N1}された[書式]{しょしき:format:N3}で、[氏名]{しめい:full name:N1}・[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}・[学歴]{がくれき:education history:N2}・[職歴]{しょくれき:work history:N2}・[資格]{しかく:qualifications:N3}・[志望動機]{しぼうどうき:reason for applying:N1}など、[人物]{じんぶつ:person:N4}の[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}を[一]{いち:one:N5}[枚]{まい:sheet:N2}にまとめた[公式]{こうしき:official:N3}[書類]{しょるい:document:N3}です。[市販]{しはん:commercially sold:N2}の[用紙]{ようし:form sheets:N4}や[厚生]{こうせい:welfare:N2}[労働省]{ろうどうしょう:Ministry of Labour:N2}が[公開]{こうかい:publish:N4}している[書式]{しょしき:format:N3}を[使]{つか:use:N4}うのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:common:N2}です。\n\n#en\nThe 履歴書 is a standardized form summarizing basic personal information — name, address, education, employment history, qualifications, reason for applying — on a single sheet. It's typical to use commercially-sold blank forms or the format published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.\n::\n\n::para\n[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}は[自由]{じゆう:free:N3}[書式]{しょしき:format:N3}で、[これまでの]{これまでの:up to now}[業務]{ぎょうむ:work:N3}[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}・[実績]{じっせき:achievements:N2}・[使]{つか:used:N4}った[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technologies:N2}・[役割]{やくわり:role:N3}を[詳]{くわ:detail:N1}しく[書]{か:write:N5}く[書類]{しょるい:document:N3}です。[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[圏]{けん:zone:N1}の「resume」に[最]{もっと:most:N3}も[近]{ちか:close:N4}いのはこちらです。[長]{なが:long:N5}さは[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typically:N2}に2〜4[枚]{まい:sheets:N2}ですが、[エンジニア]{エンジニア:engineer}など[経験]{けいけん:experience:N3}が[多]{おお:many:N4}い[職種]{しょくしゅ:job category:N3}では4〜6[枚]{まい:sheets:N2}になることもあります。\n\n#en\nThe 職務経歴書, by contrast, has a free format and lays out your past responsibilities, achievements, technologies used, and roles in detail. This is the document closest to a Western \"resume\". It's typically 2-4 pages, though for engineers and other experience-heavy roles it can stretch to 4-6 pages.\n::\n\n::callout\n[要点]{ようてん:key point:N3}：[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}は「[個人]{こじん:personal:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:info:N3}を[網羅]{もうら:cover:N1}した[公式]{こうしき:official:N3}[書類]{しょるい:document:N3}」、[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}は「[キャリア]{キャリア:career}を[語]{かた:speak:N5}る[営業]{えいぎょう:sales:N2}[資料]{しりょう:material:N3}」と[考]{かんが:think:N4}えるとわかりやすい。[両方]{りょうほう:both:N3}とも[必須]{ひっす:required:N1}です。\n\n#en\nMental model: think of the 履歴書 as your \"official personal-data sheet,\" and the 職務経歴書 as your \"marketing pitch about your career.\" Both are required.\n::\n\n::heading\n[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}の[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[構成]{こうせい:structure:N3}\n\n#en\nBasic structure of the rirekisho\n::\n\n::para\n[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}の[項目]{こうもく:fields:N1}はほぼ[固定]{こてい:fixed:N2}されています。[氏名]{しめい:full name:N1}・[ふりがな]{ふりがな:phonetic reading}・[生年月日]{せいねんがっぴ:date of birth:N5}・[現]{げん:current:N3}[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}・[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}[番号]{ばんごう:number:N3}・[メールアドレス]{メールアドレス:email}・[証明]{しょうめい:identification:N1}[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}・[学歴]{がくれき:education:N2}・[職歴]{しょくれき:work history:N2}・[免許]{めんきょ:license:N1}・[資格]{しかく:qualifications:N3}・[志望動機]{しぼうどうき:motivation:N1}・[本人]{ほんにん:applicant's:N5}[希望]{きぼう:wishes:N2}[記入]{きにゅう:entry:N3}[欄]{らん:column:N1}が[並]{なら:line up:N2}びます。[空]{あ:blank:N4}[欄]{らん:field:N1}を[作]{つく:create:N4}らないことが[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}で、[該当]{がいとう:applicable:N1}しない[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は「[特]{とく:especially:N4}になし」と[記入]{きにゅう:write in:N3}します。\n\n#en\nThe rirekisho's fields are almost fixed: name, furigana reading, date of birth, current address, phone number, email, ID photo, education history, work history, licenses, qualifications, reason for applying, and a \"personal requests\" section. Leaving any field blank is generally considered poor form — write 「特になし」 (none in particular) when not applicable.\n::\n\n::para\n[学歴]{がくれき:education history:N2}は[時系列]{じけいれつ:chronological order:N1}に[古]{ふる:old:N4}い[順]{じゅん:order:N2}で[書]{か:write:N5}き、[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typically:N2}に[高校]{こうこう:high school:N5}[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollment:N5}から[書]{か:start:N5}き[始]{はじ:start:N4}めます。[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}の[学校]{がっこう:school:N5}は[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[名]{めい:name:N5}を[残]{のこ:leave:N3}しつつ、[必要]{ひつよう:if needed:N3}に[応]{おう:depending on:N1}じて[漢字]{かんじ:kanji:N4}や[カタカナ]{カタカナ:katakana}での[補足]{ほそく:supplement:N2}を[加]{くわ:add:N3}えます。[卒業]{そつぎょう:graduation:N2}・[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollment:N5}の[年月]{ねんげつ:year and month:N5}は[西暦]{せいれき:Western calendar:N1}でも[和暦]{われき:Japanese era:N1}でもよいですが、[書類]{しょるい:document:N3}[全体]{ぜんたい:overall:N3}で[統一]{とういつ:unify:N1}しましょう。\n\n#en\nEducation history is listed oldest-first, typically starting from high school enrollment. For overseas schools, keep the English name and add kanji or katakana clarification if useful. Years can be either Western (2018) or Japanese era (令和元年), but be consistent across the entire document.\n::\n\n::heading\n[証明]{しょうめい:ID:N1}[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}の[規定]{きてい:rules:N3}\n\n#en\nPhoto requirements\n::\n\n::para\n[多]{おお:many:N4}くの[企業]{きぎょう:companies:N1}、[特]{とく:especially:N4}に[伝統的]{でんとうてき:traditional:N1}な[業界]{ぎょうかい:industries:N4}や[製造業]{せいぞうぎょう:manufacturing:N1}などでは、[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}に[証明]{しょうめい:ID:N1}[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}を[貼]{は:paste:N1}ることが[今]{いま:still:N5}でも[期待]{きたい:expected:N3}されています。[サイズ]{サイズ:size}は[縦]{たて:height:N1}4cm × [横]{よこ:width:N3}3cm、[3]{さん:three}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}に[撮影]{さつえい:taken:N1}した[正面]{しょうめん:front-facing:N3}・[無]{む:no:N4}[帽]{ぼう:hat:N2}・[背景]{はいけい:background:N3}は[白]{しろ:white:N5}か[薄]{うす:light:N2}い[青]{あお:blue:N4}が[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}です。[最近]{さいきん:recent years:N3}は[外資系]{がいしけい:foreign-affiliated:N1}や[IT]{アイティー:IT}[系]{けい:sector:N1}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:central:N4}に[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}[不要]{ふよう:not required:N3}の[企業]{きぎょう:companies:N1}も[増]{ふ:increasing:N3}えていますが、[応募]{おうぼ:apply:N1}[先]{さき:destination:N5}の[案内]{あんない:guidelines:N1}を[必]{かなら:always:N3}ず[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}しましょう。\n\n#en\nMany companies — especially traditional industries and manufacturing — still expect an ID photo on the rirekisho. The standard is 4cm × 3cm, taken within the last three months, front-facing, no hat, white or light-blue background. Foreign-affiliated and IT companies increasingly accept photo-less resumes, but always check the application guidelines.\n::\n\n::callout\n[落]{お:fall:N3}とし[穴]{あな:trap:N1}：[自撮]{じど:selfie:N1}り[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}は[避]{さ:avoid:N1}けましょう。[駅]{えき:station:N4}の[証明]{しょうめい:ID:N1}[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}[機]{き:machine:N3}（700〜1000[円]{えん:yen:N5}[程度]{ていど:about:N3}）か、[写真]{しゃしん:photo:N4}[館]{かん:studio:N4}（5000[円]{えん:yen:N5}〜）で[撮]{と:take:N1}るのが[無難]{ぶなん:safe choice:N3}。[男性]{だんせい:men:N3}は[ネクタイ]{ネクタイ:tie}と[スーツ]{スーツ:suit}、[女性]{じょせい:women:N3}は[ジャケット]{ジャケット:jacket}が[一般的]{いっぱんてき:standard:N2}です。\n\n#en\nPitfall: avoid selfies. Use a station photo booth (~700-1000 yen) or a photo studio (5000 yen+). Men typically wear a suit and tie; women, a jacket.\n::\n\n::heading\n[志望動機]{しぼうどうき:reason for applying:N1}の[書]{か:write:N5}き[方]{かた:way:N4}\n\n#en\nHow to write the 志望動機\n::\n\n::para\n[志望動機]{しぼうどうき:reason for applying:N1}は[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}の[中]{なか:among:N5}でも[最]{もっと:most:N3}も[読]{よ:read:N5}まれる[項目]{こうもく:section:N1}です。[具体性]{ぐたいせい:concreteness:N3}が[命]{いのち:critical:N3}で、「[興味]{きょうみ:interest:N1}があったから」「[成長]{せいちょう:growth:N3}できそうだから」のような[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract:N1}な[表現]{ひょうげん:phrasing:N3}は[避]{さ:avoid:N1}けます。[応募]{おうぼ:apply:N1}[先]{さき:target:N5}の[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}・[製品]{せいひん:product:N1}・[技術]{ぎじゅつ:tech:N2}・[文化]{ぶんか:culture:N3}に[言及]{げんきゅう:mention:N1}し、[自分]{じぶん:yourself:N4}の[経験]{けいけん:experience:N3}と[結]{むす:link:N1}びつけて「[私]{わたし:I:N4}が[貢献]{こうけん:contribute:N1}できる[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}」を[示]{しめ:show:N3}すのが[王道]{おうどう:textbook approach:N3}です。[文字]{もじ:character:N4}[数]{すう:count:N3}は[200]{にひゃく:two hundred}〜[400]{よんひゃく:four hundred}[字]{じ:characters:N4}が[目安]{めやす:rough target:N4}です。\n\n#en\nThe 志望動機 is the most-read section. Specificity is everything — avoid vague phrases like \"I'm interested\" or \"I want to grow.\" The textbook approach: reference the company's specific business, products, technology, or culture, then connect it to your own experience to show \"why I can contribute.\" Aim for 200-400 characters.\n::\n\n::heading\n[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}の[書]{か:write:N5}き[方]{かた:approach:N4}\n\n#en\nHow to write the shokumu-keirekisho\n::\n\n::para\n[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}は[書式]{しょしき:format:N3}が[自由]{じゆう:free:N3}な[反面]{はんめん:on the other hand:N3}、[書]{か:write:N5}き[方]{かた:way:N4}の[巧]{たく:skill:N1}[拙]{せつ:lack:N1}が[直接]{ちょくせつ:directly:N2}[評価]{ひょうか:evaluation:N1}に[影響]{えいきょう:influence:N1}します。[標準的]{ひょうじゅんてき:standard:N1}な[構成]{こうせい:structure:N3}は、[冒頭]{ぼうとう:opening:N1}に[1]{いち:one}〜[2]{に:two}[行]{ぎょう:lines:N5}の[職務]{しょくむ:work:N3}[要約]{ようやく:summary:N3}（[サマリー]{サマリー:summary}）、[次]{つぎ:next:N3}に[勤務]{きんむ:worked at:N3}した[会社]{かいしゃ:company:N4}ごとの[詳細]{しょうさい:details:N1}、[最後]{さいご:last:N3}に[活]{い:utilize:N3}かせるスキルや[資格]{しかく:qualifications:N3}・[自己PR]{じこピーアール:self promotion:N1}を[並]{なら:list:N2}べる[流]{なが:flow:N3}れです。\n\n#en\nThe shokumu-keirekisho's free format is both a freedom and a trap — quality of writing directly affects evaluation. The standard structure: a 1-2 line career summary at the top, then per-company sections with details, and finally a list of skills, qualifications, and self-promotion.\n::\n\n::para\n[各]{かく:each:N2}[会社]{かいしゃ:company:N4}の[セクション]{セクション:section}には、[在籍]{ざいせき:employment:N2}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}・[会社]{かいしゃ:company:N4}[概要]{がいよう:overview:N1}（[業種]{ぎょうしゅ:industry:N3}・[規模]{きぼ:size:N1}・[資本金]{しほんきん:capital:N3}・[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee:N1}[数]{すう:count:N3}）・[配属]{はいぞく:assignment:N1}[部署]{ぶしょ:department:N2}・[業務]{ぎょうむ:work:N3}[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}・[使用]{しよう:used:N4}[技術]{ぎじゅつ:tech:N2}・[実績]{じっせき:achievements:N2}を[書]{か:write:N5}きます。[エンジニア]{エンジニア:engineer}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[プロジェクト]{プロジェクト:project}ごとに「[期間]{きかん:duration:N3}・[役割]{やくわり:role:N3}・[メンバー]{メンバー:members}[数]{すう:count:N3}・[使用]{しよう:used:N4}[技術]{ぎじゅつ:tech:N2}・[業務]{ぎょうむ:business:N3}[内容]{ないよう:detail:N3}・[成果]{せいか:outcome:N3}」を[表形式]{ひょうけいしき:table format:N3}で[並]{なら:lay out:N2}べると[読]{よ:read:N5}みやすくなります。\n\n#en\nEach company section should include: employment dates, company overview (industry, size, capital, headcount), department, responsibilities, technologies used, and accomplishments. For engineers, listing each project as a table — duration, role, team size, tech stack, business context, outcome — improves readability.\n::\n\n::callout\n[エンジニア]{エンジニア:engineer}[向]{む:for:N3}けの[コツ]{コツ:tips}：[実績]{じっせき:achievement:N2}は[必]{かなら:always:N3}ず[数値]{すうち:numbers:N3}で[語]{かた:speak:N5}る。「[パフォーマンス]{パフォーマンス:performance}を[向上]{こうじょう:improve:N3}させた」ではなく「[応答]{おうとう:response:N1}[時間]{じかん:time:N5}を[40%]{よんじゅっパーセント:40 percent}[短縮]{たんしゅく:reduce:N1}」、「[チーム]{チーム:team}を[率]{ひき:lead:N1}いた」ではなく「[5]{ご:5}[名]{めい:people:N5}の[チーム]{チーム:team}を[2]{に:2}[年]{ねん:years:N5}[間]{かん:span:N5}リード」のように[具体]{ぐたい:concrete:N3}[数値]{すうち:numbers:N3}を[添]{そ:attach:N1}える。\n\n#en\nEngineer-specific tip: always quantify achievements. Not \"improved performance\" but \"reduced response time by 40%\"; not \"led the team\" but \"led a 5-person team for 2 years.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[即戦力]{そくせんりょく:ready-to-perform:N1}としての[アピール]{アピール:appeal}\n\n#en\nPitching yourself as a 即戦力\n::\n\n::para\n[転職]{てんしょく:mid-career hire:N3}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}で[最]{もっと:most:N3}も[評価]{ひょうか:valued:N1}される[言葉]{ことば:word:N3}が[即戦力]{そくせんりょく:soku-senryoku — ready to deliver immediately:N1}です。[新卒]{しんそつ:new graduate:N2}と[違]{ちが:differ:N3}い、[転職]{てんしょく:job change:N3}[者]{しゃ:applicant:N4}には「[入社]{にゅうしゃ:joining:N4}した[当日]{とうじつ:from day one:N3}から[戦力]{せんりょく:contributor:N3}になれる」ことが[求]{もと:expected:N3}められます。[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}では、[応募]{おうぼ:apply:N1}[先]{さき:target:N5}の[業務]{ぎょうむ:work:N3}と[直結]{ちょっけつ:directly link:N1}する[経験]{けいけん:experience:N3}を[最初]{さいしょ:first:N3}に[目]{め:eye:N4}に[入]{はい:enter:N5}る[位置]{いち:position:N3}に[配置]{はいち:place:N3}し、[何]{なに:what:N5}を[即]{そく:right away:N1}できるかを[明示]{めいじ:make clear:N3}しましょう。\n\n#en\nThe most-valued word in the mid-career market is 即戦力 — \"ready to deliver immediately.\" Unlike new graduates, mid-career applicants are expected to contribute from day one. In your shokumu-keirekisho, place experience directly relevant to the target role at the top, where it's seen first, and make it obvious what you can deliver right away.\n::\n\n::heading\n[よくある]{よくある:common}[落]{お:fall:N3}とし[穴]{あな:traps:N1}\n\n#en\nCommon mistakes\n::\n\n::para\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign:N5}[応募]{おうぼ:applicant:N1}[者]{しゃ:applicants:N4}が[特]{とく:especially:N4}に[陥]{おちい:fall into:N1}りやすい[失敗]{しっぱい:mistakes:N3}は[三]{さん:three:N5}つあります。[第一]{だいいち:first:N1}に、[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[履歴書]{りれきしょ:CV:N1}を[直訳]{ちょくやく:literally translate:N1}しただけの[文章]{ぶんしょう:text:N2}にすること。[英語]{えいご:English:N4}の「I led a team of five」をそのまま「[私]{わたし:I:N4}は5[人]{にん:people:N5}の[チーム]{チーム:team}を[率]{ひき:led:N1}いました」と[書]{か:write:N5}くと[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}には[主語]{しゅご:subject:N4}が[多]{おお:too many:N4}すぎて[不自然]{ふしぜん:unnatural:N3}になります。[日本語]{にほんご:Japanese:N5}では[主語]{しゅご:subject:N4}を[省]{はぶ:omit:N2}き「5[名]{めい:people:N5}の[チーム]{チーム:team}を[率]{ひき:led:N1}いる」と[体言止]{たいげんど:noun-ending:N4}めや[受身]{うけみ:passive:N3}を[活用]{かつよう:use:N3}するのが[自然]{しぜん:natural:N3}です。\n\n#en\nThree mistakes foreign applicants commonly make. First, literal translation from an English CV. \"I led a team of five\" rendered as 「私は5人のチームを率いました」 has too many explicit subjects and feels unnatural. Japanese typically drops the subject and ends in nouns or uses passive constructions: 「5名のチームを率いる」 reads naturally.\n::\n\n::para\n[第二]{だいに:second:N1}に、[誇張]{こちょう:exaggeration:N1}や[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract:N1}な[自慢]{じまん:boasting:N1}。[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}の[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}では[控]{ひか:modest:N1}えめに、[事実]{じじつ:facts:N3}と[数値]{すうち:numbers:N3}で[語]{かた:speak:N5}るスタイルが[好]{この:preferred:N3}まれます。「[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry:N4}を[変]{か:transform:N3}えた」より「[月間]{げっかん:monthly:N5}10[万]{まん:10000:N5}ユーザーの[サービス]{サービス:service}を[新規]{しんき:new:N3}[開発]{かいはつ:built:N4}」の[方]{ほう:way:N4}が[圧倒的]{あっとうてき:overwhelmingly:N2}に[評価]{ひょうか:evaluated:N1}されます。\n\n#en\nSecond, exaggeration or abstract bragging. Japanese documents favor a modest, fact-and-numbers tone. \"Transformed the industry\" loses to \"Built a new service serving 100,000 monthly users\" by a wide margin.\n::\n\n::para\n[第三]{だいさん:third:N1}に、[在職]{ざいしょく:currently employed:N3}[中]{ちゅう:status:N5}の[退職]{たいしょく:resignation:N3}[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}を[ネガティブ]{ネガティブ:negative}に[書]{か:write:N5}くこと。「[人間]{にんげん:human:N5}[関係]{かんけい:relationships:N3}が[悪]{わる:bad:N4}くて」「[残業]{ざんぎょう:overtime:N3}が[多]{おお:lots:N4}くて」など[現職]{げんしょく:current job:N3}への[不満]{ふまん:dissatisfaction:N3}を[書]{か:write:N5}くと、[同]{おな:same:N4}じことを[次]{つぎ:next:N3}の[職場]{しょくば:workplace:N3}でも[言]{い:say:N4}う[人]{ひと:person:N5}と[判断]{はんだん:judged:N3}されます。「[新]{あら:new:N4}たな[挑戦]{ちょうせん:challenge:N1}を[求]{もと:seek:N3}めて」「[専門]{せんもん:specialty:N2}[領域]{りょういき:area:N2}を[深]{ふか:deepen:N3}めるため」など[前向]{まえむ:forward-looking:N3}きな[表現]{ひょうげん:phrasing:N3}に[置]{お:place:N3}き[換]{か:replace:N2}えましょう。\n\n#en\nThird, framing your reason for leaving negatively. Phrases like \"bad relationships\" or \"too much overtime\" make recruiters assume you'll say the same thing next time. Replace with forward-looking framings: \"seeking a new challenge,\" \"to deepen my specialty area.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[デジタル化]{デジタルか:digitalization:N3}の[流]{なが:trend:N3}れ\n\n#en\nThe digitalization trend\n::\n\n::para\n[2020]{にせんにじゅう:2020}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[コロナ]{コロナ:COVID}[禍]{か:crisis:N1}[以降]{いこう:since:N3}、[手]{て:hand:N4}[書]{が:written:N5}きにこだわる[企業]{きぎょう:companies:N1}は[激減]{げきげん:dropped sharply:N1}しました。[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}は[PDF]{ピーディーエフ:PDF}[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}が[主流]{しゅりゅう:mainstream:N3}で、[Word]{ワード:Word}や[Excel]{エクセル:Excel}テンプレート、[転職]{てんしょく:job:N3}サイト[内蔵]{ないぞう:built-in:N2}の[Web]{ウェブ:Web}フォームでの[作成]{さくせい:creation:N3}も[増]{ふ:increasing:N3}えています。[ただし]{ただし:however}[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}の[伝統]{でんとう:traditional:N1}[企業]{きぎょう:companies:N1}や[公務員]{こうむいん:civil service:N3}[採用]{さいよう:hiring:N2}では[今]{いま:still:N5}でも[手]{て:hand:N4}[書]{が:written:N5}きが[暗黙]{あんもく:implicit:N1}の[ルール]{ルール:rule}となっています。\n\n#en\nSince the COVID era of 2020, companies insisting on hand-written documents have plummeted. PDF submission is now the mainstream, with Word\u002FExcel templates and built-in web forms on job sites also widespread. However, some traditional companies and civil service hiring still treat hand-writing as an implicit rule.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}のポイント：[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho:N1}と[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho:N2}は[役割]{やくわり:role:N3}が[違]{ちが:differ:N3}う、[両方]{りょうほう:both:N3}[必須]{ひっす:required:N1}。[志望動機]{しぼうどうき:motivation:N1}は[具体性]{ぐたいせい:concreteness:N3}が[命]{いのち:critical:N3}。[実績]{じっせき:achievements:N2}は[数値]{すうち:in numbers:N3}で[語]{かた:speak:N5}る。[退職]{たいしょく:resignation:N3}[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}は[前向]{まえむ:positive:N3}きに。\n\n#en\nQuick takeaways: rirekisho and shokumu-keirekisho play different roles; both are required. Motivations need concreteness. Achievements speak in numbers. Resignation reasons stay positive.\n::\n",{"id":77,"title":80,"titleEn":81,"topicPath":10,"questions":82},"履歴書・職務経歴書 確認テスト","Rirekisho & Shokumu-keirekisho Quiz",[83,112,135,159,182,206],{"id":84,"articleId":6,"question":85,"options":88,"correctLabel":94,"explanation":105,"tags":108},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q01",{"en":86,"jp":87},"Which of the following is correct about the relationship between rirekisho and shokumu-keirekisho?","[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho}と[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho}の[関係]{かんけい:relationship}について、[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[89,93,97,101],{"label":90,"jp":91,"en":92},"ア","どちらか[一方]{いっぽう:one}を[提出]{ていしゅつ:submit}すればよい","You only need to submit one of them",{"label":94,"jp":95,"en":96},"イ","[両方]{りょうほう:both}とも[提出]{ていしゅつ:submit}するのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:standard}","It is standard to submit both",{"label":98,"jp":99,"en":100},"ウ","[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho}は[英語]{えいご:English}の[resume]{resume:resume}と[同義]{どうぎ:synonymous}","Rirekisho is synonymous with the English 'resume'",{"label":102,"jp":103,"en":104},"エ","[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho}は[新卒]{しんそつ:new graduate}[採用]{さいよう:hiring}でのみ[使]{つか:use}う","Shokumu-keirekisho is used only in new-graduate hiring",{"en":106,"jp":107},"The two documents have different roles — rirekisho is the official personal-data sheet, shokumu-keirekisho the career narrative. Both are submitted as standard.","[履歴書]{りれきしょ:rirekisho}は[公式]{こうしき:official}[個人]{こじん:personal}[情報]{じょうほう:info}[書類]{しょるい:document}、[職務経歴書]{しょくむけいれきしょ:shokumu-keirekisho}はキャリアを[語]{かた:speak}る[書類]{しょるい:document}。[役割]{やくわり:role}が[異]{こと:differ}なるため[両方]{りょうほう:both}[提出]{ていしゅつ:submitted}するのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:standard}です。",[109,110,111],"tenshoku","rirekisho","shokumu-keirekisho",{"id":113,"articleId":6,"question":114,"options":117,"correctLabel":94,"explanation":130,"tags":133},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q02",{"en":115,"jp":116},"What is the standard ID-photo size on a Japanese rirekisho?","[証明]{しょうめい:ID}[写真]{しゃしん:photo}の[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard}サイズはどれか。",[118,121,124,127],{"label":90,"jp":119,"en":120},"[縦]{たて:height}3cm × [横]{よこ:width}2cm","3cm tall × 2cm wide",{"label":94,"jp":122,"en":123},"[縦]{たて:height}4cm × [横]{よこ:width}3cm","4cm tall × 3cm wide",{"label":98,"jp":125,"en":126},"[縦]{たて:height}5cm × [横]{よこ:width}5cm","5cm tall × 5cm wide",{"label":102,"jp":128,"en":129},"サイズの[規定]{きてい:rule}はない","There is no size rule",{"en":131,"jp":132},"Standard is 4cm × 3cm, taken within the past three months, front-facing, no hat, with white or light-blue background.","[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard}は[縦]{たて:height}4cm × [横]{よこ:width}3cm、[3]{さん:three}か[月]{げつ:months}[以内]{いない:within}の[正面]{しょうめん:front}・[無]{む:no}[帽]{ぼう:hat}・[白]{しろ:white}\u002F[薄]{うす:light}[青]{あお:blue}[背景]{はいけい:background}が[基本]{きほん:basic}です。",[134,110],"photo",{"id":136,"articleId":6,"question":137,"options":140,"correctLabel":94,"explanation":153,"tags":156},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q03",{"en":138,"jp":139},"Which is the most appropriate way to write an engineer's achievement?","[エンジニア]{エンジニア:engineer}の[実績]{じっせき:achievement}の[書]{か:write}き[方]{かた:way}として[最]{もっと:most}も[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate}なのはどれか。",[141,144,147,150],{"label":90,"jp":142,"en":143},"[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry}を[変]{か:transform}えるシステムを[開発]{かいはつ:built}した","Built a system that transformed the industry",{"label":94,"jp":145,"en":146},"[応答]{おうとう:response}[時間]{じかん:time}を[40%]{よんじゅっぱーせんと:forty percent}[短縮]{たんしゅく:reduced}し、[月間]{げっかん:monthly}10[万]{まん:100,000}ユーザーを[支]{ささ:supported}えた","Reduced response time by 40% and supported 100,000 monthly users",{"label":98,"jp":148,"en":149},"とても[良]{よ:good}いシステムを[作]{つく:built}った","Built a really good system",{"label":102,"jp":151,"en":152},"チームと[一緒]{いっしょ:together}に[頑張]{がんば:worked hard}った","Worked hard with the team",{"en":154,"jp":155},"Always quantify achievements. Abstract exaggeration lowers your evaluation.","[実績]{じっせき:achievement}は[必]{かなら:always}ず[数値]{すうち:numbers}で[語]{かた:speak}るのが[鉄則]{てっそく:iron rule}。[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract}な[誇張]{こちょう:exaggeration}は[評価]{ひょうか:evaluation}を[下]{さ:lower}げる。",[157,158],"engineer","achievements",{"id":160,"articleId":6,"question":161,"options":164,"correctLabel":98,"explanation":177,"tags":180},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q04",{"en":162,"jp":163},"Which way of describing your reason for leaving should be avoided?","[退職]{たいしょく:resignation}[理由]{りゆう:reason}の[書]{か:write}き[方]{かた:way}として[避]{さ:avoid}けるべきものはどれか。",[165,168,171,174],{"label":90,"jp":166,"en":167},"[新]{あら:new}たな[挑戦]{ちょうせん:challenge}を[求]{もと:seek}めて","Seeking a new challenge",{"label":94,"jp":169,"en":170},"[専門]{せんもん:specialty}[領域]{りょういき:area}をさらに[深]{ふか:deepen}めるため","To deepen my specialty area",{"label":98,"jp":172,"en":173},"[人間]{にんげん:human}[関係]{かんけい:relationships}が[悪]{わる:bad}くて[働]{はたら:work}けないため","Bad relationships made it impossible to work",{"label":102,"jp":175,"en":176},"より[大]{おお:large}きな[責任]{せきにん:responsibility}を[担]{にな:carry}いたいため","To take on more responsibility",{"en":178,"jp":179},"Negative framings make recruiters assume you'll say the same thing next time. Always replace with forward-looking phrasing.","[現職]{げんしょく:current job}への[不満]{ふまん:dissatisfaction}を[書]{か:write}くと「[同]{おな:same}じことを[次]{つぎ:next}でも[言]{い:say}う[人]{ひと:person}」と[判断]{はんだん:judged}される。[必]{かなら:always}ず[前向]{まえむ:positive}きな[表現]{ひょうげん:phrasing}に[置]{お:replace}き[換]{か:换}える。",[56,181],"common-mistakes",{"id":183,"articleId":6,"question":184,"options":187,"correctLabel":94,"explanation":200,"tags":203},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q05",{"en":185,"jp":186},"What is the meaning of 即戦力, the most-valued term in the mid-career market?","[転職]{てんしょく:mid-career}[市場]{しじょう:market}で[最]{もっと:most}も[評価]{ひょうか:valued}される[言葉]{ことば:word}「[即戦力]{そくせんりょく:ready immediately}」の[意味]{いみ:meaning}は？",[188,191,194,197],{"label":90,"jp":189,"en":190},"[新卒]{しんそつ:new graduate}として[育]{そだ:raised}てやすい[人]{ひと:person}","Someone easy to train as a new graduate",{"label":94,"jp":192,"en":193},"[入社]{にゅうしゃ:joining}[直後]{ちょくご:immediately}から[戦力]{せんりょく:contributor}になれる[人]{ひと:person}","Someone who can contribute right from joining",{"label":98,"jp":195,"en":196},"[安]{やす:cheap}い[賃金]{ちんぎん:wages}で[働]{はたら:work}く[人]{ひと:person}","Someone willing to work for low wages",{"label":102,"jp":198,"en":199},"[長時間]{ちょうじかん:long hours}[残業]{ざんぎょう:overtime}できる[人]{ひと:person}","Someone able to do long-hour overtime",{"en":201,"jp":202},"即戦力 = talent who can contribute from day one. The strongest selling point in mid-career hiring.","[即戦力]{そくせんりょく:soku-senryoku} = [入社]{にゅうしゃ:joining}した[当日]{とうじつ:from day one}から[業務]{ぎょうむ:work}に[貢献]{こうけん:contribute}できる[人材]{じんざい:talent}。[転職]{てんしょく:mid-career}[採用]{さいよう:hiring}での[最]{もっと:most}[強]{つよ:strong}の[強]{つよ:selling}みです。",[204,205],"soku-senryoku","mid-career",{"id":207,"articleId":6,"question":208,"options":211,"correctLabel":94,"explanation":224,"tags":227},"bj-tenshoku-resume-quiz-q06",{"en":209,"jp":210},"What is the correct order for writing education history?","[学歴]{がくれき:education history}の[書]{か:write}き[順]{じゅん:order}として[正]{ただ:correct}しいのは？",[212,215,218,221],{"label":90,"jp":213,"en":214},"[新]{あたら:newest}しい[順]{じゅん:first}（[最終]{さいしゅう:final}[学歴]{がくれき:degree}が[一番]{いちばん:top}[上]{うえ:top}）","Newest first (highest\u002Fmost recent degree at the top)",{"label":94,"jp":216,"en":217},"[古]{ふる:oldest}い[順]{じゅん:first}（[高校]{こうこう:high school}[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollment}から[書]{か:start}き[始]{はじ:start}める）","Oldest first (start from high school enrollment)",{"label":98,"jp":219,"en":220},"アルファベット[順]{じゅん:order}","Alphabetical order",{"label":102,"jp":222,"en":223},"[評価]{ひょうか:GPA}が[高]{たか:high}い[順]{じゅん:order}","By GPA, highest first",{"en":225,"jp":226},"Education history is chronological — oldest first. Typically start from high school enrollment, then list each graduation and enrollment with year\u002Fmonth.","[学歴]{がくれき:education}は[時系列]{じけいれつ:chronological}で[古]{ふる:oldest}い[順]{じゅん:first}に[書]{か:write}く。[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typically}に[高校]{こうこう:high school}[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollment}から[書]{か:start}き[始]{はじ:start}め、[卒業]{そつぎょう:graduations}と[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollments}を[年月]{ねんげつ:year-month}[付]{つ:with}きで[並]{なら:list}べる。",[110,228],"gakureki"]