[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:bonsai-art":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":66,"quiz":67},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":65},"article","culture-bonsai-art","bonsai-art","盆栽の世界 — 小宇宙を育てる日本の芸術","Bonsai: The Art of Miniature Trees","culture","An overview of bonsai — the Japanese art of cultivating miniature trees in\nshallow pots. Covers the Chinese penjing origins and Kamakura-era transmission\nto Japan, the major species categories (conifers, deciduous, flowering, fruit),\nclassical tree forms (chokkan, moyougi, kengai, bunjingi), essential tools\nand wiring technique, the Omiya Bonsai Village in Saitama as the world's\nspiritual home, the World Bonsai Convention, and the global boom that has\npushed individual specimen prices into the millions of yen.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-bonsai-art.png",[15,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,53,57,61],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"盆栽","ぼんさい","bonsai (miniature tree art)","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"盆景","ぼんけい","penjing (Chinese tray landscape)",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"樹形","じゅけい","tree form \u002F shape",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":19},"直幹","ちょっかん","chokkan (formal upright)",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"模様木","もようぎ","moyougi (informal upright)",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"懸崖","けんがい","kengai (cascade style)",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":19},"文人木","ぶんじんぎ","bunjingi (literati style)",{"word":45,"reading":46,"meaning":47,"level":19},"五葉松","ごようまつ","Japanese white pine",{"word":49,"reading":50,"meaning":51,"level":52},"黒松","くろまつ","Japanese black pine","N2",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":19},"剪定鋏","せんていばさみ","pruning shears",{"word":58,"reading":59,"meaning":60,"level":52},"針金","はりがね","wire",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":19},"大宮盆栽村","おおみやぼんさいむら","Omiya Bonsai Village","culture-bonsai-art-quiz","\n::heading\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}とは[何]{なに::N5}か\n\n#en\nWhat is bonsai?\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい:bonsai:N1}は[浅]{あさ::N2}い[鉢]{はち:pot:N1}に[樹木]{じゅもく:trees:N1}を[植]{う::N2}え、[剪定]{せんてい:pruning:N1}・[針金]{はりがね:wire:N2}・[植替]{うえか::N2}えなどの[技法]{ぎほう:techniques:N2}で[小]{ちい::N5}さな[姿]{すがた:form:N1}に[仕立]{した::N4}て、[長期間]{ちょうきかん:long term:N3}にわたって[育成]{いくせい:cultivate:N3}する[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[伝統芸術]{でんとうげいじゅつ:traditional art:N1}です。[一鉢]{ひとはち:single pot:N1}の[中]{なか::N5}に[山水]{さんすい:mountain-water landscape:N5}や[老樹]{ろうじゅ:aged tree:N1}の[風格]{ふうかく:dignity:N3}を[凝縮]{ぎょうしゅく:condense:N1}し、[「小]{しょう:small:N5}[宇宙]{うちゅう:universe:N1}」を[表現]{ひょうげん:express:N3}する[芸術]{げいじゅつ:art:N2}と[されています]{:said to be}。\n\n#en\nBonsai is the Japanese traditional art of planting trees in shallow pots and shaping them into miniature forms over long periods using techniques like pruning, wiring, and repotting. It is generally said to be an art that condenses the dignity of mountain-water landscapes or aged trees into a single pot, expressing a \"small universe.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[歴史]{れきし::N2} — [中国]{ちゅうごく::N5}から[日本]{にほん::N5}へ\n\n#en\nHistory — from China to Japan\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}の[起源]{きげん:origin:N1}は[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}の[「盆景]{ぼんけい:penjing:N1}」に[遡]{さかのぼ::N1}るとされ、[唐代]{とうだい:Tang dynasty:N1}には[既]{すで::N1}に[皇族]{こうぞく:imperial family:N1}や[文人]{ぶんじん:literati:N4}の[間]{あいだ::N5}で[親]{した::N4}しまれていたと[言]{い::N4}われています。[日本]{にほん::N5}には[鎌倉時代]{かまくらじだい:Kamakura era:N1}（[12〜14世紀]{じゅうにじゅうよんせいき:12th-14th centuries:N1}）に[禅僧]{ぜんそう:Zen monks:N1}を[通]{つう::N4}じて[伝来]{でんらい:transmitted:N3}し、[当初]{とうしょ:initially:N3}は[「盆山]{ぼんさん:bonsan:N1}」と[呼]{よ::N3}ばれていました。[江戸時代]{えどじだい:Edo era:N1}には[武士]{ぶし:samurai:N1}・[町人]{ちょうにん:townspeople:N4}にも[広]{ひろ::N4}まり、[明治]{めいじ:Meiji:N3}・[大正]{たいしょう:Taisho:N4}を[経]{へ::N3}て[現代]{げんだい:modern:N3}の[「盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}」という[呼称]{こしょう:designation:N1}と[体系]{たいけい:system:N1}が[確立]{かくりつ:established:N3}されたと[されています]{:said to be}。\n\n#en\nBonsai's origins trace back to Chinese \"penjing,\" and by the Tang dynasty it was already enjoyed among imperial family and literati. It was transmitted to Japan during the Kamakura era (12th-14th centuries) via Zen monks, and was initially called \"bonsan.\" During the Edo era it spread to samurai and townspeople, and through the Meiji and Taisho periods the modern designation \"bonsai\" and its system are said to have become established.\n::\n\n::callout\n[歴史]{れきし::N2}の[要点]{ようてん:key points:N3}：\n- [起源]{きげん::N1}：[中国]{ちゅうごく::N5}の[「盆景]{ぼんけい::N1}」（[唐代]{とうだい::N1}に[盛行]{せいこう:flourished:N1}）\n- [日本]{にほん::N5}[伝来]{でんらい::N3}：[鎌倉時代]{かまくらじだい::N1}に[禅僧]{ぜんそう::N1}を[通]{つう::N4}じて\n- [初期呼称]{しょきこしょう:early name:N1}：[「盆山]{ぼんさん::N1}」\n- [大衆化]{たいしゅうか:popularization:N1}：[江戸時代]{えどじだい::N1}の[武家]{ぶけ:samurai class:N2}・[町人文化]{ちょうにんぶんか:townspeople culture:N3}\n- [現代化]{げんだいか:modernization:N3}：[明治以降]{めいじいこう:from Meiji onward:N3}に[「盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}」の[呼称]{こしょう::N1}が[定着]{ていちゃく:settled:N3}\n\n#en\nKey historical points: origin in Chinese penjing (flourished in Tang); transmitted to Japan in the Kamakura era via Zen monks; early name \"bonsan\"; popularized through Edo-era samurai and townspeople culture; the modern name \"bonsai\" became settled from Meiji onward.\n::\n\n::heading\n[樹種]{じゅしゅ::N1} — [大]{おお::N5}きく[四つ]{よっつ::N5}に[分類]{ぶんるい::N3}\n\n#en\nSpecies — broadly classified into four groups\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}に[用]{もち::N4}いられる[樹種]{じゅしゅ:species:N1}は[多岐]{たき:diverse:N1}にわたりますが、[一般]{いっぱん:generally:N2}には[四]{よっ::N5}つの[グループ]{:groups}に[分類]{ぶんるい:classified:N3}されると[されています]{:said to be}。[一年]{いちねん:year-round:N5}を[通]{つう::N4}じて[葉]{は:leaves:N3}を[保]{たも::N1}つ[「松柏類]{しょうはくるい:conifers:N1}」、[四季]{しき:four seasons:N2}の[変化]{へんか:change:N3}を[楽]{たの::N4}しむ[「雑木類]{ぞうきるい:deciduous broadleaf:N3}」、[花]{はな:flowers:N4}を[観賞]{かんしょう:appreciate:N2}する[「花物]{はなもの:flowering type:N4}」、[実]{み:fruit:N3}を[観賞]{かんしょう::N2}する[「実物]{みもの:fruit type:N3}」です。\n\n#en\nThe species used in bonsai are highly diverse, but they are generally classified into four groups: \"shouhakurui\" (conifers, which keep leaves year-round); \"zoukirui\" (deciduous broadleaf, which let you enjoy seasonal change); \"hanamono\" (flowering type, appreciated for blossoms); and \"mimono\" (fruit type, appreciated for fruit).\n::\n\n::callout\n[樹種]{じゅしゅ::N1}[四分類]{よんぶんるい:four classifications:N3}：\n- [松柏類]{しょうはくるい::N1}：[五葉松]{ごようまつ:Japanese white pine:N1}・[黒松]{くろまつ:Japanese black pine:N1}・[杜松]{としょう:needle juniper:N1}など。[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}の[王道]{おうどう:orthodox path:N3}とされ[格調高]{かくちょうたか:dignified:N3}い\n- [雑木類]{ぞうきるい::N3}：[もみじ]{:Japanese maple}・[かえで]{:maple}・[欅]{けやき:zelkova:N1}など。[新緑]{しんりょく:new green:N2}・[紅葉]{こうよう:autumn foliage:N2}・[落葉]{らくよう:fallen leaves:N3}と[四季]{しき::N2}を[体現]{たいげん:embody:N3}\n- [花物]{はなもの::N4}：[桜]{さくら:cherry:N1}・[梅]{うめ:plum:N1}・[皐月]{さつき:satsuki azalea:N1}など。[開花期]{かいかき:blooming season:N3}に[華]{はな::N1}やかな[姿]{すがた::N1}を[見]{み::N5}せる\n- [実物]{みもの::N3}：[柿]{かき:persimmon:N1}・[りんご]{:apple}・[ピラカンサ]{:pyracantha}など。[秋]{あき:autumn:N4}に[小]{ちい::N5}さな[実]{み::N3}を[多数]{たすう:many:N3}つける\n\n#en\nFour species classifications: shouhakurui (white pine, black pine, needle juniper) — the orthodox path of bonsai, considered dignified; zoukirui (Japanese maple, maple, zelkova) — embodying the four seasons through new green, autumn foliage, and fallen leaves; hanamono (cherry, plum, satsuki) — showing splendid form during blooming season; mimono (persimmon, apple, pyracantha) — bearing many small fruit in autumn.\n::\n\n::heading\n[樹形]{じゅけい::N1} — [古典的]{こてんてき::N1}な[四]{よん::N5}スタイル\n\n#en\nTree forms — four classical styles\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}には[幹]{みき:trunk:N1}の[形]{かたち:shape:N3}に[よって]{:based on}[多数]{たすう::N3}の[「樹形]{じゅけい:tree form:N1}」が[定義]{ていぎ:defined:N1}されており、[古典的]{こてんてき:classical:N1}には[直幹]{ちょっかん::N1}・[模様木]{もようぎ::N1}・[懸崖]{けんがい::N1}・[文人木]{ぶんじんぎ::N4}の[四]{よん::N5}スタイルが[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}とされています。[自然界]{しぜんかい:natural world:N3}の[厳]{きび::N1}しい[環境]{かんきょう:environments:N1}に[育]{そだ::N3}つ[老樹]{ろうじゅ:aged trees:N1}の[姿]{すがた::N1}を[模倣]{もほう:imitate:N1}することが[原型]{げんけい:archetype:N2}と[考]{かんが::N4}えられています。\n\n#en\nBonsai defines many \"tree forms\" based on trunk shape, with four classical styles considered basic: chokkan, moyougi, kengai, and bunjingi. Imitating the form of aged trees that grow in harsh natural environments is generally thought to be the archetype.\n::\n\n::callout\n[古典樹形]{こてんじゅけい:classical forms:N1}：\n- [直幹]{ちょっかん::N1}：[幹]{みき::N1}が[まっすぐ]{:straight}に[立]{た::N4}ち[上]{あ::N5}がる[最]{もっと::N3}も[格調高]{かくちょうたか::N3}い[形]{かたち::N3}。[力強]{ちからづよ::N4}さを[表現]{ひょうげん::N3}\n- [模様木]{もようぎ::N1}：[幹]{みき::N1}が[緩]{ゆる::N1}やかに[曲]{ま::N3}がりながら[立]{た::N4}ち[上]{あ::N5}がる[最]{もっと::N3}も[一般的]{いっぱんてき:common:N2}な[形]{かたち::N3}\n- [懸崖]{けんがい::N1}：[幹]{みき::N1}が[鉢]{はち::N1}の[縁]{ふち:rim:N1}より[低]{ひく::N2}く[垂]{た::N1}れ[下]{さ::N5}がる[形]{かたち::N3}。[断崖絶壁]{だんがいぜっぺき:cliff:N1}に[育]{そだ::N3}つ[樹]{き::N1}を[模]{も::N1}す\n- [文人木]{ぶんじんぎ::N4}：[幹]{みき::N1}が[細]{ほそ::N2}く[高]{たか::N5}く[伸]{の::N2}び、[上部]{じょうぶ:upper part:N3}にのみ[葉]{は::N3}がある[簡素]{かんそ:austere:N1}で[詩的]{してき:poetic:N1}な[形]{かたち::N3}\n\n#en\nClassical tree forms: chokkan (trunk rises straight up — the most dignified form, expressing strength); moyougi (trunk rises with gentle curves — the most common form); kengai (cascade — trunk hangs lower than the pot's rim, mimicking trees growing on cliffs); bunjingi (literati — trunk grows thin and tall with foliage only at the top, an austere and poetic form).\n::\n\n::heading\n[道具]{どうぐ::N3}と[針金]{はりがね::N2}かけ\n\n#en\nTools and wiring\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}の[育成]{いくせい::N3}には[専用]{せんよう:specialized:N2}の[道具]{どうぐ:tools:N3}が[欠]{か::N3}かせません。[基本道具]{きほんどうぐ:basic tools:N1}は[剪定鋏]{せんていばさみ:pruning shears:N1}・[又枝切]{またえだき::N1}り（[branch cutter]{:branch cutter}）・[針金]{はりがね::N2}・[ヤットコ]{:wire pliers}・[熊手]{くまで:rake:N1}などで、[特]{とく::N4}に[「針金]{はりがね::N2}かけ」（[wiring]{:wiring}）は[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}を[特徴]{とくちょう:characterize:N1}づける[最]{もっと::N3}も[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[技法]{ぎほう::N2}の[一]{ひと::N5}つと[されています]{:said to be}。[銅]{どう:copper:N2}や[アルミニウム]{:aluminum}の[針金]{はりがね::N2}を[幹]{みき::N1}・[枝]{えだ:branches:N2}に[巻]{ま::N2}き[付]{つ::N3}け、[時間]{じかん:time:N5}をかけて[望]{のぞ::N3}む[形]{かたち::N3}に[誘導]{ゆうどう:guide:N1}します。\n\n#en\nSpecialized tools are essential for cultivating bonsai. Basic tools include pruning shears, branch cutters, wire, wire pliers, and rakes — and especially \"wiring\" is generally said to be one of the most important techniques characterizing bonsai. Copper or aluminum wire is wrapped around the trunk and branches to gradually guide them into the desired form over time.\n::\n\n::callout\n[針金]{はりがね::N2}かけ[実施上]{じっしじょう:on practice:N1}の[注意点]{ちゅういてん:cautions:N3}：\n- [樹皮]{じゅひ:bark:N1}を[傷]{きず::N1}つけないよう[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[太]{ふと::N3}さの[針金]{はりがね::N2}を[選]{えら::N3}ぶ\n- [松柏類]{しょうはくるい::N1}は[秋]{あき::N4}〜[冬]{ふゆ:winter:N4}、[雑木類]{ぞうきるい::N3}は[新芽]{しんめ:new buds:N1}が[固]{かた::N2}まる[初夏]{しょか:early summer:N3}が[適期]{てきき:best time:N3}とされる\n- [食]{く::N5}い[込]{こ::N3}みを[防]{ふせ::N2}ぐため[半年]{はんとし:half year:N5}〜[一年]{いちねん:one year:N5}で[外]{はず::N5}すのが[原則]{げんそく:rule:N2}\n- [初心者]{しょしんしゃ:beginners:N3}は[アルミニウム線]{:aluminum wire}が[扱]{あつか::N1}いやすいと[言]{い::N4}われる\n\n#en\nCautions when wiring in practice: choose wire of appropriate thickness so as not to damage the bark; the best time is autumn to winter for conifers and early summer (when new buds harden) for deciduous; the rule is to remove wire after half a year to one year to prevent it from cutting in; aluminum wire is generally said to be easier for beginners to handle.\n::\n\n::heading\n[大宮盆栽村]{おおみやぼんさいむら::N1} — [世界]{せかい::N4}の[聖地]{せいち::N1}\n\n#en\nOmiya Bonsai Village — the world's spiritual home\n::\n\n::para\n[埼玉県]{さいたまけん:Saitama Prefecture:N1}[さいたま市]{さいたまし:Saitama City:N3}[北区]{きたく:Kita Ward:N2}にある[「大宮盆栽村]{おおみやぼんさいむら:Omiya Bonsai Village:N1}」は、[盆栽愛好家]{ぼんさいあいこうか:bonsai enthusiasts:N1}にとって[世界]{せかい:world:N4}の[聖地]{せいち:spiritual home:N1}と[呼]{よ::N3}ばれる[地域]{ちいき:area:N2}です。[大正末期]{たいしょうまっき:end of Taisho:N3}（[1925年]{せんきゅうひゃくにじゅうごねん:1925:N5}）の[関東大震災]{かんとうだいしんさい:Great Kanto Earthquake:N1}を[機]{き:opportunity:N3}に[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}の[盆栽業者]{ぼんさいぎょうしゃ:bonsai professionals:N1}が[移住]{いじゅう:migrated:N2}したことで[形成]{けいせい:formed:N3}されたとされ、[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}も[複数]{ふくすう:multiple:N2}の[盆栽園]{ぼんさいえん:bonsai gardens:N1}が[集積]{しゅうせき:concentrated:N3}しています。[2010年]{にせんじゅうねん:2010:N5}には[「さいたま市大宮盆栽美術館]{さいたましおおみやぼんさいびじゅつかん:Omiya Bonsai Art Museum:N1}」が[開館]{かいかん:opened:N4}し、[海外]{かいがい:abroad:N4}からの[来訪者]{らいほうしゃ:visitors:N3}も[多数]{たすう::N3}[訪]{おとず::N3}れていると[言]{い::N4}われています。\n\n#en\nThe \"Omiya Bonsai Village\" in Kita Ward, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture is an area called the world's spiritual home for bonsai enthusiasts. It is said to have been formed when Tokyo's bonsai professionals migrated here following the 1925 Great Kanto Earthquake at the end of the Taisho era, and multiple bonsai gardens are still concentrated here today. In 2010 the \"Omiya Bonsai Art Museum, Saitama\" opened, and many visitors from abroad are reportedly visiting as well.\n::\n\n::heading\n[世界盆栽大会]{せかいぼんさいたいかい::N1}と[海外人気]{かいがいにんき::N4}\n\n#en\nThe World Bonsai Convention and overseas popularity\n::\n\n::para\n[1989年]{せんきゅうひゃくはちじゅうきゅうねん:1989:N5}に[第1回]{だいいっかい:first:N1}「[世界盆栽大会]{せかいぼんさいたいかい:World Bonsai Convention:N1}」が[大宮]{おおみや:Omiya:N1}で[開催]{かいさい:held:N1}されて[以降]{いこう:since:N3}、[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}は[国際的]{こくさいてき:international:N3}な[広]{ひろ::N4}がりを[見]{み::N5}せています。[4年]{よねん:4 years:N5}に[一度]{いちど:once:N4}[世界各地]{せかいかくち:various world locations:N2}で[開催]{かいさい::N1}される[同大会]{どうたいかい:this convention:N4}には[数十]{すうじゅう:dozens of:N3}カ[国]{こく:countries:N5}から[愛好家]{あいこうか::N3}が[集]{あつ::N4}まり、[「BONSAI」]{:BONSAI}は[今]{いま::N5}や[国際語]{こくさいご:international word:N3}と[なっています]{:has become}。[米国]{べいこく:USA:N3}・[欧州]{おうしゅう:Europe:N2}を[中心]{ちゅうしん::N4}に[ブーム]{:boom}が[続]{つづ::N3}き、[名品]{めいひん:masterpiece:N4}には[一鉢]{ひとはち::N1}[数百万円]{すうひゃくまんえん:several million yen:N3}〜[数千万円]{すうせんまんえん:tens of millions of yen:N3}の[値]{ね:price:N3}が[つくこと]{:can be priced}も[珍]{めずら::N2}しくないと[言]{い::N4}われています。\n\n#en\nSince the first \"World Bonsai Convention\" was held in Omiya in 1989, bonsai has shown international expansion. Held once every four years in various world locations, this convention gathers enthusiasts from dozens of countries, and \"BONSAI\" has now become an international word. The boom continues centered on the USA and Europe, and it is generally said that masterpiece specimens being priced at several million to tens of millions of yen per pot is not uncommon.\n::\n\n::callout\n[海外人気]{かいがいにんき::N4}の[背景]{はいけい:background:N3}：\n- [禅]{ぜん:Zen:N1}・[ミニマリズム]{:minimalism}など[日本文化]{にほんぶんか:Japanese culture:N3}への[関心]{かんしん:interest:N3}の[高]{たか::N5}まり\n- [SNS]{:SNS}による[盆栽画像]{ぼんさいがぞう:bonsai images:N1}の[拡散]{かくさん:spread:N1}\n- [富裕層]{ふゆうそう:wealthy class:N1}による[コレクション]{:collection}・[投資対象]{とうしたいしょう:investment target:N2}としての[需要]{じゅよう:demand:N1}\n- [盆栽輸出]{ぼんさいゆしゅつ:bonsai exports:N1}は[年間]{ねんかん:annual:N5}[百億円規模]{ひゃくおくえんきぼ:tens of billions of yen scale:N1}とも[言]{い::N4}われる\n\n#en\nBackground of overseas popularity: rising interest in Japanese culture such as Zen and minimalism; spread of bonsai images via SNS; demand from the wealthy class for collection and as an investment target; bonsai exports are reportedly on the scale of tens of billions of yen annually.\n::\n\n::heading\n[育成期間]{いくせいきかん::N3} — [世代]{せだい::N4}を[超]{こ::N2}える[時間]{じかん::N5}\n\n#en\nCultivation period — time spanning generations\n::\n\n::para\n[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}の[最大]{さいだい:greatest:N3}の[特徴]{とくちょう::N1}は、[完成]{かんせい:completion:N3}までに[数十年]{すうじゅうねん:decades:N3}〜[数百年]{すうひゃくねん:hundreds of years:N3}を[要]{よう::N3}する[「時間]{じかん::N5}の[芸術]{げいじゅつ::N2}」である[点]{てん::N3}と[されています]{:said to be}。[名品]{めいひん::N4}と[呼]{よ::N3}ばれるものの[多]{おお::N4}くは[江戸時代]{えどじだい::N1}や[明治時代]{めいじじだい::N3}から[受]{う::N3}け[継]{つ::N1}がれてきたもので、[一]{ひと::N5}つの[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}が[親]{おや:parent:N4}から[子]{こ:child:N5}、[子]{こ::N5}から[孫]{まご:grandchild:N2}へと[何世代]{なんせだい:multiple generations:N4}にも[渡]{わた::N3}って[手入]{てい::N4}れされ[続]{つづ::N3}けると[言]{い::N4}われています。\n\n#en\nThe greatest characteristic of bonsai is generally said to be that it is \"an art of time\" requiring decades to hundreds of years to complete. Many of those called masterpieces have been passed down from the Edo and Meiji eras, and a single bonsai is reportedly cared for continuously across multiple generations from parent to child to grandchild.\n::\n\n::callout\n[育成]{いくせい::N3}に[関]{かん::N3}する[基本認識]{きほんにんしき:basic recognition:N1}：\n- [松柏類]{しょうはくるい::N1}は[最低]{さいてい:minimum:N2}でも[10年以上]{じゅうねんいじょう:10+ years:N4}の[育成]{いくせい::N3}が[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typical:N2}\n- [名品]{めいひん::N4}クラスは[100年]{ひゃくねん:100 years:N5}〜[数百年]{すうひゃくねん::N3}の[樹齢]{じゅれい:tree age:N1}を[持]{も::N4}つ\n- [日々]{ひび:daily:N5}の[水]{みず:water:N5}やり・[施肥]{せひ:fertilizing:N1}・[剪定]{せんてい::N1}など[年間]{ねんかん::N5}を[通]{つう::N4}じた[管理]{かんり:management:N2}が[必要]{ひつよう::N3}\n- [プロ]{:professional}の[盆栽師]{ぼんさいし:bonsai master:N1}による[定期的]{ていきてき:regular:N3}な[手入]{てい::N4}れも[一般的]{いっぱんてき::N2}\n\n#en\nBasic recognition regarding cultivation: conifers typically require at least 10+ years of cultivation; masterpiece-class trees have ages of 100 to several hundred years; year-round management including daily watering, fertilizing, and pruning is necessary; regular care by a professional bonsai master is also common.\n::\n\n::heading\n[現代]{げんだい::N3}における[盆栽]{ぼんさい::N1}\n\n#en\nBonsai in the modern day\n::\n\n::para\n[現代]{げんだい::N3}の[盆栽界]{ぼんさいかい:bonsai world:N1}は[高齢化]{こうれいか:aging:N2}と[海外人気]{かいがいにんき:overseas popularity:N4}という[対照的]{たいしょうてき:contrasting:N2}な[状況]{じょうきょう:situations:N2}に[直面]{ちょくめん:facing:N3}していると[言]{い::N4}われています。[国内]{こくない:domestic:N3}の[愛好家]{あいこうか::N3}は[減少傾向]{げんしょうけいこう:declining trend:N2}にある[一方]{いっぽう:while:N4}、[海外]{かいがい::N4}では[若年層]{じゃくねんそう:young generation:N2}を[含]{ふく::N2}めた[新規愛好家]{しんきあいこうか:new enthusiasts:N3}が[拡大]{かくだい:expanding:N1}しています。[最近]{さいきん:recently:N3}では[小型]{こがた:small-size:N2}の[「ミニ盆栽]{:mini bonsai}」や[卓上盆栽]{たくじょうぼんさい:tabletop bonsai:N1}など、[現代]{げんだい::N3}の[住環境]{じゅうかんきょう:living environment:N1}に[適合]{てきごう:adapted:N3}した[新]{あたら::N4}しい[スタイル]{:styles}も[登場]{とうじょう:appeared:N3}していると[されています]{:said to be}。\n\n#en\nThe modern bonsai world is reportedly facing the contrasting situations of aging and overseas popularity. While domestic enthusiasts are on a declining trend, abroad new enthusiasts including younger generations are expanding. Recently, new styles adapted to modern living environments — such as small \"mini bonsai\" and tabletop bonsai — are generally said to have appeared as well.\n::\n",{"id":65,"title":68,"titleEn":69,"topicPath":10,"questions":70},"盆栽の世界 — 理解度クイズ","Bonsai: Comprehension Quiz",[71,96,111,132,151,172],{"id":72,"question":73,"options":76,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":93},"q1",{"en":74,"jp":75},"In which country did 'penjing,' the origin of bonsai, emerge?","盆栽の起源とされる「盆景」が生まれた国はどこですか？",[77,81,85,89],{"label":78,"jp":79,"en":80},"ア","韓国","Korea",{"label":82,"jp":83,"en":84},"イ","中国","China",{"label":86,"jp":87,"en":88},"ウ","ベトナム","Vietnam",{"label":90,"jp":91,"en":92},"エ","インド","India",{"en":94,"jp":95},"Bonsai's origins are said to lie in Chinese 'penjing,' which was already enjoyed among imperial family and literati during the Tang dynasty. It was transmitted to Japan in the Kamakura era via Zen monks.","盆栽の起源は中国の「盆景」とされ、唐代には皇族や文人の間で親しまれていたと言われています。日本へは鎌倉時代に禅僧を通じて伝来しました。",{"id":97,"question":98,"options":101,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":108},"q2",{"en":99,"jp":100},"Which tree form features a trunk rising straight up and is considered the most dignified?","幹がまっすぐに立ち上がる、最も格調高いとされる樹形はどれですか？",[102,103,105,106],{"label":78,"jp":33,"en":35},{"label":82,"jp":37,"en":104},"kengai (cascade)",{"label":86,"jp":29,"en":31},{"label":90,"jp":41,"en":107},"bunjingi (literati)",{"en":109,"jp":110},"Chokkan is the most dignified tree form with a trunk rising straight up, expressing strength. Moyougi is the most common form with a gently curving trunk; kengai (cascade) hangs below the pot's rim; bunjingi (literati) is a thin, tall, poetic form.","直幹（ちょっかん）は幹がまっすぐに立ち上がる最も格調高い樹形で、力強さを表現します。模様木は幹が緩やかに曲がる最も一般的な形、懸崖は幹が鉢の縁より低く垂れ下がる形、文人木は細く高く伸びる詩的な形です。",{"id":112,"question":113,"options":116,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":129},"q3",{"en":114,"jp":115},"In which prefecture is Omiya Bonsai Village, called the 'world's spiritual home of bonsai,' located?","「世界の盆栽の聖地」と呼ばれる大宮盆栽村はどの都道府県にありますか？",[117,120,123,126],{"label":78,"jp":118,"en":119},"東京都","Tokyo",{"label":82,"jp":121,"en":122},"神奈川県","Kanagawa Prefecture",{"label":86,"jp":124,"en":125},"埼玉県","Saitama Prefecture",{"label":90,"jp":127,"en":128},"千葉県","Chiba Prefecture",{"en":130,"jp":131},"Omiya Bonsai Village is located in Kita Ward, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture. It is said to have been formed when Tokyo's bonsai professionals migrated following the 1925 Great Kanto Earthquake, and the Omiya Bonsai Art Museum opened there in 2010.","大宮盆栽村は埼玉県さいたま市北区にあります。1925年の関東大震災を機に東京の盆栽業者が移住して形成されたとされ、2010年にはさいたま市大宮盆栽美術館も開館しました。",{"id":133,"question":134,"options":137,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":148},"q4",{"en":135,"jp":136},"Which tree species, classified as 'shouhakurui' (conifers), is considered the orthodox path of bonsai?","「松柏類」に分類され、盆栽の王道とされる樹種はどれですか？",[138,141,142,145],{"label":78,"jp":139,"en":140},"もみじ","Japanese maple",{"label":82,"jp":45,"en":47},{"label":86,"jp":143,"en":144},"桜","cherry",{"label":90,"jp":146,"en":147},"柿","persimmon",{"en":149,"jp":150},"Japanese white pine, alongside Japanese black pine, is a representative conifer species and is considered the orthodox, dignified path of bonsai. Japanese maple is classified as zoukirui (deciduous), cherry as hanamono (flowering), and persimmon as mimono (fruit).","五葉松は黒松とともに代表的な松柏類で、盆栽の王道とされ格調高い樹種です。もみじは雑木類、桜は花物、柿は実物に分類されます。",{"id":152,"question":153,"options":156,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":169},"q5",{"en":154,"jp":155},"According to this article, which statement about bonsai's overseas popularity is correct?","盆栽の海外人気について、本記事の説明として正しいものはどれですか？",[157,160,163,166],{"label":78,"jp":158,"en":159},"海外では人気がなく国内のみで親しまれている","It is unpopular abroad and enjoyed only domestically",{"label":82,"jp":161,"en":162},"米国・欧州を中心にブームが続き、名品は数百万〜数千万円の値がつくこともある","A boom continues centered on the USA and Europe, and masterpieces can be priced at several million to tens of millions of yen",{"label":86,"jp":164,"en":165},"1989年の世界盆栽大会以降、ブームは終息した","The boom ended after the 1989 World Bonsai Convention",{"label":90,"jp":167,"en":168},"海外輸出は法律で全面禁止されている","Overseas exports are entirely banned by law",{"en":170,"jp":171},"Since the first World Bonsai Convention held in Omiya in 1989, bonsai has spread internationally, with a boom continuing centered on the USA and Europe. It is said to be not uncommon for masterpiece specimens to be priced at several million to tens of millions of yen per pot.","1989年の第1回世界盆栽大会（大宮開催）以降、盆栽は国際的に広がり、米国・欧州を中心にブームが続いています。名品には一鉢数百万〜数千万円の値がつくことも珍しくないと言われています。",{"id":173,"question":174,"options":177,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":186},"q6",{"en":175,"jp":176},"What copper or aluminum tool is wrapped around trunks and branches to guide bonsai into the desired form?","盆栽を望む形に誘導するために幹や枝に巻き付ける、銅やアルミニウムの道具は何ですか？",[178,179,182,183],{"label":78,"jp":54,"en":56},{"label":82,"jp":180,"en":181},"又枝切り","branch cutter",{"label":86,"jp":58,"en":60},{"label":90,"jp":184,"en":185},"熊手","rake",{"en":187,"jp":188},"'Wiring' is generally said to be one of the most important techniques characterizing bonsai — copper or aluminum wire is wrapped around trunks and branches to gradually guide them into the desired form over time. Aluminum wire is generally said to be easier for beginners to handle.","「針金かけ」（wiring）は盆栽を特徴づける最も重要な技法の一つとされ、銅やアルミニウムの針金を幹・枝に巻き付けて時間をかけて望む形に誘導します。初心者にはアルミニウム線が扱いやすいと言われます。"]