[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:nihon-teien":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":66,"quiz":67},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":65},"article","culture-nihon-teien","nihon-teien","日本庭園の世界 — 池泉・枯山水・露地の様式","Japanese Gardens: Pond, Karesansui, and Tea-Roji Styles","culture","An overview of the three principal styles of Japanese garden — chisen-kaiyū (pond stroll gardens), karesansui (dry landscape Zen gardens), and roji (tea-ceremony approach gardens) — together with the three great gardens (Kenroku-en, Kōraku-en, Kairaku-en), the borrowed-scenery (shakkei) technique, the seasonal viewing calendar, and a tour of must-see gardens including Katsura Rikyū, Ryōan-ji, Ritsurin Park, and the Adachi Museum of Art garden, ranked number one in the world for over twenty consecutive years by an American journal.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-nihon-teien.png",[15,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,53,57,61],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"庭園","ていえん","garden","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"池泉","ちせん","pond and spring (garden style)",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"枯山水","かれさんすい","dry landscape garden",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":19},"露地","ろじ","tea garden path",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"回遊式","かいゆうしき","stroll-style (garden)",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"借景","しゃっけい","borrowed scenery",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":19},"三大名園","さんだいめいえん","the three great gardens",{"word":45,"reading":46,"meaning":47,"level":19},"禅宗","ぜんしゅう","Zen sect of Buddhism",{"word":49,"reading":50,"meaning":51,"level":52},"様式","ようしき","style","N2",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":52},"紅葉","こうよう","autumn leaves",{"word":58,"reading":59,"meaning":60,"level":19},"雪化粧","ゆきげしょう","blanket of snow",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":19},"名園","めいえん","famous garden","culture-nihon-teien-quiz","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}は、[自然]{しぜん:nature:N3}の[風景]{ふうけい:scenery:N3}を[小さな]{ちいさな:small:N5}[空間]{くうかん:space:N4}の[中]{なか:inside:N5}に[凝縮]{ぎょうしゅく:to condense:N1}し、[四季]{しき:four seasons:N2}の[移ろい]{うつろい:transition:N2}を[味わう]{あじわう:to savor:N4}ために[作られた]{つくられた:created:N4}[芸術]{げいじゅつ:art:N2}です。[西洋]{せいよう:western:N4}の[幾何学的]{きかがくてき:geometric:N3}な[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}とは[異なり]{ことなり:to differ:N1}、[非対称]{ひたいしょう:asymmetric:N1}で[曲線]{きょくせん:curves:N2}を[多用]{たよう:to use heavily:N4}し、[山]{やま:mountain:N5}・[川]{かわ:river:N5}・[海]{うみ:sea:N4}といった[自然]{しぜん:nature:N3}の[要素]{ようそ:elements:N1}を[象徴的]{しょうちょうてき:symbolic:N1}に[表現]{ひょうげん:to express:N3}します。[代表的]{だいひょうてき:representative:N3}な[様式]{ようしき:styles:N3}は[大きく]{おおきく:broadly:N5}[三つ]{みっつ:three:N5}に[分けられます]{わけられます:can be divided:N5}。\n\n#en\nA Japanese garden is an art form designed to condense the scenery of nature into a small space and to let viewers savor the changing of the four seasons. Unlike geometric Western gardens, it is asymmetric, makes heavy use of curves, and represents elements of nature — mountains, rivers, the sea — in a symbolic way. There are three principal styles.\n::\n\n::heading\n[池泉回遊式]{ちせんかいゆうしき:pond stroll style:N2}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3} — [大名]{だいみょう:feudal lord:N5}の[名園]{めいえん:famous gardens:N3}\n\n#en\nChisen-Kaiyū Gardens — Famous Gardens of the Feudal Lords\n::\n\n::para\n[池]{いけ:pond:N2}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}に[配置]{はいち:to arrange:N3}し、その[周り]{まわり:around:N2}を[歩いて]{あるいて:to walk:N4}[回る]{まわる:to go around:N3}ことで[景色]{けしき:scenery:N3}の[変化]{へんか:change:N3}を[楽しむ]{たのしむ:to enjoy:N4}のが[池泉回遊式]{ちせんかいゆうしき:pond stroll style:N2}です。[江戸時代]{えどじだい:Edo period:N1}に[各地]{かくち:various regions:N2}の[大名]{だいみょう:feudal lords:N5}が[競って]{きそって:to compete:N2}[造営]{ぞうえい:to construct:N2}し、[広大]{こうだい:vast:N4}な[敷地]{しきち:grounds:N1}に[築山]{つきやま:artificial hills:N2}・[橋]{はし:bridges:N2}・[茶屋]{ちゃや:teahouses:N4}などを[配して]{はいして:to arrange:N3}、[歩く]{あるく:to walk:N4}たびに[異なる]{ことなる:differing:N1}[眺め]{ながめ:view:N1}が[現れる]{あらわれる:to appear:N3}ように[設計]{せっけい:designed:N2}されました。\n\n#en\nThe chisen-kaiyū style is built around a central pond, with paths inviting visitors to stroll its perimeter and enjoy the shifting scenery. During the Edo period, feudal lords across the country competed to build them, laying out artificial hills, bridges, and teahouses across vast grounds so that a different vista would appear with every step.\n::\n\n::callout\n[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[有名]{ゆうめい:famous:N4}なのが[三大名園]{さんだいめいえん:the three great gardens:N3}と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:called:N3}[三つ]{みっつ:three:N5}の[庭園]{ていえん:gardens:N3}です。[金沢]{かなざわ:Kanazawa:N1}の[兼六園]{けんろくえん:Kenroku-en:N1}、[岡山]{おかやま:Okayama:N3}の[後楽園]{こうらくえん:Kōraku-en:N3}、[水戸]{みと:Mito:N2}の[偕楽園]{かいらくえん:Kairaku-en:N1}—この[三園]{さんえん:three gardens:N3}は[いずれ]{いずれ:each}も[江戸時代]{えどじだい:Edo period:N1}に[大名]{だいみょう:feudal lords:N5}が[整備]{せいび:to develop:N1}したもので、[今]{いま:now:N5}でも[国]{くに:nation:N5}の[特別]{とくべつ:special:N4}[名勝]{めいしょう:place of scenic beauty:N3}に[指定]{してい:designated:N3}されています。\n\n#en\nThe three most celebrated examples are collectively known as the Sandai Meien — the three great gardens: Kenroku-en in Kanazawa, Kōraku-en in Okayama, and Kairaku-en in Mito. All three were laid out by feudal lords during the Edo period, and all three are still designated as Special Places of Scenic Beauty by the national government.\n::\n\n::heading\n[枯山水]{かれさんすい:dry landscape garden:N2} — [水]{みず:water:N5}を[使わず]{つかわず:without using:N4}に[海]{うみ:sea:N4}を[描く]{えがく:to depict:N1}\n\n#en\nKaresansui — Painting the Sea Without Water\n::\n\n::para\n[枯山水]{かれさんすい:dry landscape garden:N2}は、[水]{みず:water:N5}を[一切]{いっさい:at all:N4}[使わず]{つかわず:without using:N4}に、[白砂]{はくしゃ:white sand:N2}と[石]{いし:stones:N3}だけで[山水]{さんすい:landscape:N5}の[風景]{ふうけい:scenery:N3}を[表現]{ひょうげん:to express:N3}する[極めて]{きわめて:extremely:N2}[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract:N1}な[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}です。[砂]{すな:sand:N2}に[箒]{ほうき:broom:N1}で[描かれる]{えがかれる:drawn:N1}[波紋]{はもん:ripples:N1}は[海]{うみ:sea:N4}や[川]{かわ:river:N5}の[流れ]{ながれ:flow:N3}を、[配置]{はいち:placed:N3}された[石]{いし:stones:N3}は[山]{やま:mountains:N5}や[島]{しま:islands:N2}を[象徴]{しょうちょう:to symbolize:N1}します。[室町時代]{むろまちじだい:Muromachi period:N4}に[禅宗]{ぜんしゅう:Zen sect:N1}の[寺院]{じいん:temples:N2}で[発達]{はったつ:to develop:N3}し、[座禅]{ざぜん:zazen meditation:N1}や[瞑想]{めいそう:meditation:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:object:N2}として[作られました]{つくられました:created:N4}。\n\n#en\nKaresansui — the dry landscape garden — is an extremely abstract style that depicts mountain and water scenery using nothing but white sand and stones, with no actual water at all. Ripples drawn into the sand with a broom symbolize the sea or the flow of a river, and carefully placed stones represent mountains or islands. The form developed at Zen temples in the Muromachi period as an object for zazen meditation.\n::\n\n::para\n[最も]{もっとも:most:N3}[有名]{ゆうめい:famous:N4}な[枯山水]{かれさんすい:dry landscape garden:N2}は、[京都]{きょうと:Kyoto:N3}の[龍安寺]{りょうあんじ:Ryōan-ji:N1}[方丈]{ほうじょう:abbot's quarters:N2}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}でしょう。[長方形]{ちょうほうけい:rectangular:N3}の[白砂]{はくしゃ:white sand:N2}の[中]{なか:within:N5}に[十五]{じゅうご:fifteen:N5}の[石]{いし:stones:N3}が[五群]{ごぐん:five groups:N2}に[分けて]{わけて:divided into:N5}[配置]{はいち:placed:N3}されていますが、どの[角度]{かくど:angle:N2}から[見て]{みて:to look:N5}も[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[一つ]{ひとつ:one:N5}は[他]{ほか:another:N3}の[石]{いし:stone:N3}に[隠れて]{かくれて:hidden:N1}[十四]{じゅうし:fourteen:N5}しか[見えない]{みえない:cannot see:N5}という[謎]{なぞ:mystery:N1}があります。[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}く[京都]{きょうと:Kyoto:N3}の[大徳寺]{だいとくじ:Daitoku-ji:N1}も[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[名]{めい:famous:N5}[枯山水]{かれさんすい:dry landscape gardens:N2}を[擁する]{ようする:to possess:N1}[禅刹]{ぜんさつ:Zen temple:N1}として[知られて]{しられて:known:N4}います。\n\n#en\nThe most famous karesansui of all is surely the garden of the abbot's quarters at Ryōan-ji in Kyoto. Fifteen stones are arranged in five groups within a rectangle of white sand, but from any vantage point one stone is always hidden behind the others — only fourteen can ever be seen at once. Also in Kyoto, Daitoku-ji is known as a Zen temple complex possessing many celebrated dry landscape gardens.\n::\n\n::heading\n[露地]{ろじ:tea garden:N1} — [茶室]{ちゃしつ:tea room:N4}への[小さな]{ちいさな:small:N5}[宇宙]{うちゅう:universe:N1}\n\n#en\nThe Roji — A Small Universe Leading to the Tea Room\n::\n\n::para\n[露地]{ろじ:tea garden:N1}とは、[茶室]{ちゃしつ:tea room:N4}へ[向かう]{むかう:to head toward:N3}[通路]{つうろ:passage:N3}として[作られた]{つくられた:created:N4}[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}で、「[茶庭]{ちゃてい:tea garden:N3}」とも[呼ばれます]{よばれます:also called:N3}。[千]{せん:Sen:N5}[利休]{りきゅう:Rikyū:N3}が[体系化]{たいけいか:systematized:N1}したと[言われ]{いわれ:to be said:N4}、[飛石]{とびいし:stepping stones:N3}・[蹲踞]{つくばい:stone water basin:N1}・[石灯籠]{いしどうろう:stone lantern:N1}・[腰掛]{こしかけ:waiting bench:N2}などが[配置]{はいち:placed:N3}されます。[客]{きゃく:guest:N3}は[露地]{ろじ:tea garden:N1}を[歩く]{あるく:to walk:N4}ことで[俗世]{ぞくせ:the secular world:N1}から[心]{こころ:heart:N4}を[切り離し]{きりはなし:to separate:N1}、[蹲踞]{つくばい:stone water basin:N1}で[手]{て:hands:N4}と[口]{くち:mouth:N4}を[清めて]{きよめて:to purify:N2}から[茶室]{ちゃしつ:tea room:N4}に[入る]{はいる:to enter:N5}という[一連]{いちれん:series:N3}の[流れ]{ながれ:flow:N3}が[出来上がります]{できあがります:to be completed:N5}。\n\n#en\nThe roji is a garden created as a passageway leading to a tea room, and is also called a chatei (tea garden). Said to have been systematized by Sen no Rikyū, it is laid out with stepping stones, a stone water basin (tsukubai), a stone lantern, and a waiting bench. By walking through the roji, guests detach their hearts from the secular world and, after purifying their hands and mouth at the tsukubai, enter the tea room — completing a single ritual flow.\n::\n\n::heading\n[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3} — [風景]{ふうけい:scenery:N3}を[借りる]{かりる:to borrow:N4}[手法]{しゅほう:technique:N3}\n\n#en\nShakkei — The Technique of Borrowed Scenery\n::\n\n::para\n[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3}とは、[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}の[外]{そと:outside:N5}にある[山]{やま:mountains:N5}や[森]{もり:forest:N2}を、あたかも[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}の[一部]{いちぶ:part:N3}であるかのように[構図]{こうず:composition:N3}に[取り込む]{とりこむ:to incorporate:N3}[手法]{しゅほう:technique:N3}です。[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}の[境界]{きょうかい:boundary:N2}を[視覚的]{しかくてき:visually:N1}に[消し]{けし:to erase:N3}、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[広さ]{ひろさ:size:N4}よりもはるかに[雄大]{ゆうだい:grand:N1}な[景観]{けいかん:landscape:N3}を[作り出します]{つくりだします:to create:N4}。[京都]{きょうと:Kyoto:N3}の[円通寺]{えんつうじ:Entsū-ji:N2}が[比叡山]{ひえいざん:Mount Hiei:N1}を[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3}とする[例]{れい:example:N3}が[最も]{もっとも:most:N3}[有名]{ゆうめい:famous:N4}で、[杉]{すぎ:cedar:N1}の[木立]{こだち:grove:N4}の[向こう]{むこう:beyond:N3}に[山]{やま:mountain:N5}の[稜線]{りょうせん:ridge:N1}が[浮かび上がる]{うかびあがる:to emerge:N3}[構図]{こうず:composition:N3}は[圧巻]{あっかん:spectacular:N2}です。\n\n#en\nShakkei is the technique of incorporating mountains or forests outside the garden into its composition as if they were part of it. By visually erasing the garden's boundary, it creates a landscape that feels far grander than the actual grounds. The most famous example is Entsū-ji in Kyoto, which borrows Mount Hiei: the ridgeline of the mountain rising beyond a grove of cedars makes for a breathtaking composition.\n::\n\n::heading\n[四季]{しき:four seasons:N2}の[見頃]{みごろ:best viewing time:N2}\n\n#en\nThe Best Viewing Times Across the Four Seasons\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}の[最大]{さいだい:greatest:N3}の[魅力]{みりょく:charm:N1}は、[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}が[季節]{きせつ:season:N1}ごとに[全く]{まったく:completely:N3}[違う]{ちがう:different:N3}[表情]{ひょうじょう:expression:N3}を[見せる]{みせる:to show:N5}ことです。[春]{はる:spring:N4}は[桜]{さくら:cherry blossoms:N1}が[池]{いけ:pond:N2}の[水面]{みなも:water surface:N3}に[花筏]{はないかだ:floating petals:N1}を[作り]{つくり:to make:N4}、[初夏]{しょか:early summer:N3}には[新緑]{しんりょく:fresh green:N2}と[杜若]{かきつばた:rabbit-ear iris:N1}が[映え]{はえ:to look beautiful:N4}、[秋]{あき:autumn:N4}は[紅葉]{こうよう:autumn leaves:N2}が[燃える]{もえる:to burn:N2}ように[庭]{にわ:garden:N3}を[染め]{そめ:to dye:N1}、[冬]{ふゆ:winter:N4}は[雪化粧]{ゆきげしょう:snow blanket:N1}が[墨絵]{すみえ:ink painting:N1}のような[静寂]{せいじゃく:silence:N1}の[世界]{せかい:world:N4}を[作り上げます]{つくりあげます:to create:N4}。[兼六園]{けんろくえん:Kenroku-en:N1}の[雪吊り]{ゆきづり:snow ropes:N1}は[冬]{ふゆ:winter:N4}の[風物詩]{ふうぶつし:seasonal tradition:N1}として[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[名高い]{なだかい:famous:N5}です。\n\n#en\nThe greatest charm of a Japanese garden is that the same place wears a completely different face each season. In spring, cherry petals form a \"blossom raft\" on the surface of the pond; in early summer, fresh green and rabbit-ear iris glow side by side; in autumn, fiery red leaves dye the garden; and in winter, a blanket of snow turns the scene into the silent world of an ink painting. The yukitsuri (\"snow ropes\") at Kenroku-en are especially famous as a winter sight.\n::\n\n::heading\n[必見]{ひっけん:must-see:N3}の[名園]{めいえん:famous gardens:N3}\n\n#en\nMust-See Famous Gardens\n::\n\n::para\n[三大名園]{さんだいめいえん:the three great gardens:N3}に[次いで]{ついで:next to:N3}[訪れたい]{おとずれたい:want to visit:N3}のが、[京都]{きょうと:Kyoto:N3}の[皇室]{こうしつ:imperial:N1}[関連]{かんれん:related:N3}[庭園]{ていえん:gardens:N3}である[桂離宮]{かつらりきゅう:Katsura Imperial Villa:N1}と[修学院離宮]{しゅがくいんりきゅう:Shugakuin Imperial Villa:N1}です。[桂離宮]{かつらりきゅう:Katsura Imperial Villa:N1}は[江戸時代]{えどじだい:Edo period:N1}[初期]{しょき:early:N3}に[造営]{ぞうえい:constructed:N2}された[池泉回遊式]{ちせんかいゆうしき:pond stroll style:N2}の[最高]{さいこう:highest:N3}[傑作]{けっさく:masterpiece:N1}と[言われ]{いわれ:to be said:N4}、[ドイツ]{ドイツ:Germany}の[建築家]{けんちくか:architect:N2}[ブルーノ]{ブルーノ:Bruno}・[タウト]{タウト:Taut}が「[泣きたく]{なきたく:want to cry:N1}なるほど[美しい]{うつくしい:beautiful:N3}」と[絶賛]{ぜっさん:to praise highly:N3}したことで[世界]{せかい:world:N4}に[知られました]{しられました:became known:N4}。[見学]{けんがく:visit:N5}には[宮内庁]{くないちょう:Imperial Household Agency:N1}への[事前]{じぜん:advance:N4}[申し込み]{もうしこみ:application:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}です。\n\n#en\nBeyond the three great gardens, the next must-visits are the imperial villas of Kyoto: Katsura Rikyū and Shugakuin Rikyū. Katsura, built in the early Edo period, is considered the supreme masterpiece of the chisen-kaiyū style, and became known worldwide after the German architect Bruno Taut praised it as \"beautiful enough to make you weep.\" Visits require advance application to the Imperial Household Agency.\n::\n\n::para\n[四国]{しこく:Shikoku:N5}の[高松]{たかまつ:Takamatsu:N1}にある[栗林公園]{りつりんこうえん:Ritsurin Park:N1}も[屈指]{くっし:leading:N1}の[大名]{だいみょう:feudal lord:N5}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}で、[紫雲山]{しうんざん:Mount Shiun:N1}を[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3}とした[広大]{こうだい:vast:N4}な[景観]{けいかん:landscape:N3}が[広がります]{ひろがります:to spread out:N4}。[ミシュラン]{ミシュラン:Michelin}・[グリーンガイド]{グリーンガイド:Green Guide}で[最高]{さいこう:highest:N3}[評価]{ひょうか:rating:N1}の[三つ星]{みつぼし:three stars:N2}を[獲得]{かくとく:to obtain:N1}しています。\n\n#en\nRitsurin Park in Takamatsu on Shikoku is another leading daimyō garden, with a vast landscape unfolding against the borrowed scenery of Mount Shiun. It holds the top three-star rating in the Michelin Green Guide.\n::\n\n::callout\nそして、[島根県]{しまねけん:Shimane Prefecture:N2}[安来市]{やすぎし:Yasugi City:N3}の[足立美術館]{あだちびじゅつかん:Adachi Museum of Art:N3}の[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}は、[アメリカ]{アメリカ:America}の[日本庭園]{にほんていえん:Japanese garden:N3}[専門誌]{せんもんし:specialist journal:N2}『[ジャーナル]{ジャーナル:Journal}・オブ・[ジャパニーズ]{ジャパニーズ:Japanese}・[ガーデニング]{ガーデニング:Gardening}』の[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}[ランキング]{ランキング:ranking}で、[2003]{にせんさん:2003}[年]{ねん:year:N5}から[20]{にじゅう:twenty}[年]{ねん:years:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}[連続]{れんぞく:consecutively:N3}で[日本一]{にっぽんいち:number one in Japan:N5}（[実質]{じっしつ:effectively:N3}[世界一]{せかいいち:number one in the world:N4}）に[選ばれて]{えらばれて:to be chosen:N3}います。[背後]{はいご:behind:N3}の[山]{やま:mountains:N5}を[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3}として[完璧]{かんぺき:perfectly:N1}に[取り込んだ]{とりこんだ:incorporated:N3}[白砂青松庭]{はくしゃせいしょうてい:white-sand-and-pine garden:N1}は、[一枚]{いちまい:a single:N2}の[絵画]{かいが:painting:N3}のような[完成度]{かんせいど:perfection:N3}を[誇ります]{ほこります:to boast:N1}。\n\n#en\nAnd the garden at the Adachi Museum of Art in Yasugi, Shimane Prefecture, has been ranked the number one garden in Japan — effectively the number one in the world — for over twenty consecutive years since 2003 by the American specialist journal Sucessful Journal of Japanese Gardening. Its hakusha-seishō (\"white sand and green pine\") garden, which perfectly incorporates the mountains behind it as borrowed scenery, achieves a level of finish comparable to a single painted picture.\n::\n\n::heading\nおわりに\n\n#en\nConclusion\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}[庭園]{ていえん:garden:N3}は、[ただ]{ただ:merely}[眺める]{ながめる:to gaze at:N1}ものではなく、[歩き]{あるき:to walk:N4}、[座り]{すわり:to sit:N3}、[季節]{きせつ:season:N1}を[感じ]{かんじ:to feel:N3}、[時]{とき:time:N5}には[心]{こころ:heart:N4}を[整える]{ととのえる:to put in order:N1}ための[空間]{くうかん:space:N4}です。[池泉]{ちせん:pond:N2}・[枯山水]{かれさんすい:dry landscape:N2}・[露地]{ろじ:tea garden:N1}という[三つ]{みっつ:three:N5}の[様式]{ようしき:styles:N3}は、それぞれ[異なる]{ことなる:different:N1}[美意識]{びいしき:aesthetic sense:N3}と[精神]{せいしん:spiritual:N3}[世界]{せかい:world:N4}を[体現]{たいげん:to embody:N3}しています。[次]{つぎ:next:N3}に[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}を[訪れる]{おとずれる:to visit:N3}[際]{さい:occasion:N3}には、ぜひ[一度]{いちど:once:N4}[本物]{ほんもの:the real thing:N4}の[名園]{めいえん:famous garden:N3}で[時間]{じかん:time:N5}を[過ごし]{すごし:to spend:N3}、[借景]{しゃっけい:borrowed scenery:N3}に[込められた]{こめられた:embedded in:N3}[先人]{せんじん:our ancestors:N5}の[感性]{かんせい:sensibility:N3}を[味わって]{あじわって:to savor:N4}みてください。\n\n#en\nA Japanese garden is not something merely to be looked at — it is a space for walking, for sitting, for feeling the seasons, and at times for setting one's heart in order. The three styles — pond, dry landscape, and tea garden — each embody a different aesthetic and a different spiritual world. Next time you visit Japan, do spend some time at one of these celebrated gardens and savor the sensibility our ancestors poured into the borrowed scenery.\n::\n",{"id":65,"title":68,"titleEn":69,"topicPath":10,"questions":70},"日本庭園の世界 — 理解度クイズ","Japanese Gardens — Comprehension Quiz",[71,96,117,138,159,180],{"id":72,"question":73,"options":76,"correctLabel":78,"explanation":93},"q1",{"en":74,"jp":75},"Which of the following correctly identifies the three gardens known as the Sandai Meien (the three great gardens)?","「三大名園」と呼ばれる三つの庭園の組み合わせとして正しいものはどれですか。",[77,81,85,89],{"label":78,"jp":79,"en":80},"ア","兼六園（金沢）+ 後楽園（岡山）+ 偕楽園（水戸）","Kenroku-en (Kanazawa) + Kōraku-en (Okayama) + Kairaku-en (Mito)",{"label":82,"jp":83,"en":84},"イ","兼六園（金沢）+ 桂離宮（京都）+ 栗林公園（高松）","Kenroku-en (Kanazawa) + Katsura Imperial Villa (Kyoto) + Ritsurin Garden (Takamatsu)",{"label":86,"jp":87,"en":88},"ウ","後楽園（岡山）+ 偕楽園（水戸）+ 修学院離宮（京都）","Kōraku-en (Okayama) + Kairaku-en (Mito) + Shugakuin Imperial Villa (Kyoto)",{"label":90,"jp":91,"en":92},"エ","兼六園（金沢）+ 後楽園（岡山）+ 足立美術館（島根）","Kenroku-en (Kanazawa) + Kōraku-en (Okayama) + Adachi Museum of Art (Shimane)",{"en":94,"jp":95},"The Sandai Meien refers to Kenroku-en in Kanazawa, Kōraku-en in Okayama, and Kairaku-en in Mito — all chisen-kaiyū gardens laid out by feudal lords in the Edo period and still designated as Special Places of Scenic Beauty.","三大名園は金沢の兼六園、岡山の後楽園、水戸の偕楽園を指し、いずれも江戸時代に大名が整備した池泉回遊式庭園で、現在も国の特別名勝に指定されています。",{"id":97,"question":98,"options":101,"correctLabel":78,"explanation":114},"q2",{"en":99,"jp":100},"Which correctly describes the difference between karesansui and chisen-kaiyū gardens?","枯山水と池泉回遊式庭園の違いとして正しいものはどれですか。",[102,105,108,111],{"label":78,"jp":103,"en":104},"枯山水は水を使わず白砂と石で山水を表現し、池泉回遊式は実際の池を中心に歩いて鑑賞する","Karesansui (dry landscape) uses no water and depicts landscape with white sand and stones, while chisen-kaiyū (strolling pond garden) centers on a real pond meant to be enjoyed on foot",{"label":82,"jp":106,"en":107},"枯山水は江戸時代の大名庭園、池泉回遊式は禅寺の庭園である","Karesansui are Edo-period daimyō gardens; chisen-kaiyū are Zen-temple gardens",{"label":86,"jp":109,"en":110},"枯山水は実際の水を使い、池泉回遊式は砂と石だけで構成される","Karesansui use real water, while chisen-kaiyū are made only of sand and stones",{"label":90,"jp":112,"en":113},"両者とも茶室への通路として作られた庭である","Both are gardens designed as passageways to a tea room",{"en":115,"jp":116},"Karesansui uses no water at all, abstractly representing landscape with white sand and stones — a style developed at Zen temples in the Muromachi period. Chisen-kaiyū gardens are built around an actual pond and are designed to be enjoyed by strolling, a style favored by Edo-period feudal lords.","枯山水は水を一切使わず白砂と石で山水を象徴的に表現する抽象的な庭で、室町時代に禅宗寺院で発達しました。池泉回遊式は実際の池を中心に配置し、周りを歩くことで景色の変化を楽しむ江戸時代の大名庭園の様式です。",{"id":118,"question":119,"options":122,"correctLabel":78,"explanation":135},"q3",{"en":120,"jp":121},"What is the technique of shakkei (borrowed scenery)?","「借景」とはどのような手法ですか。",[123,126,129,132],{"label":78,"jp":124,"en":125},"庭園の外にある山や森を、庭の構図の一部として取り込む手法","A technique that incorporates mountains or forests outside the garden into its composition",{"label":82,"jp":127,"en":128},"他の庭園からデザインを借用して庭を造る手法","A technique that builds a garden by borrowing the design of other gardens",{"label":86,"jp":130,"en":131},"庭の石や植物を季節ごとに別の庭から借りて入れ替える手法","A technique of swapping stones and plants seasonally by borrowing them from other gardens",{"label":90,"jp":133,"en":134},"茶室から見える掛軸を季節ごとに借り換える手法","A technique of seasonally rotating the hanging scroll visible from the tea room",{"en":136,"jp":137},"Shakkei is the technique of incorporating mountains or forests beyond the garden into its composition as if they were part of it, visually erasing the boundary and producing a landscape that feels much grander than the actual grounds. Entsū-ji in Kyoto, which borrows Mount Hiei, is a famous example.","借景は庭園の外にある山や森を、あたかも庭の一部であるかのように構図に取り込み、視覚的に庭の境界を消して実際の広さよりはるかに雄大な景観を作り出す手法です。京都の円通寺が比叡山を借景にする例が有名です。",{"id":139,"question":140,"options":143,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":156},"q4",{"en":141,"jp":142},"Where is the abbot's-quarters garden of Ryōan-ji located?","龍安寺の方丈庭園はどこにありますか。",[144,147,150,153],{"label":78,"jp":145,"en":146},"奈良","Nara",{"label":82,"jp":148,"en":149},"京都","Kyoto",{"label":86,"jp":151,"en":152},"鎌倉","Kamakura",{"label":90,"jp":154,"en":155},"金沢","Kanazawa",{"en":157,"jp":158},"Ryōan-ji is a Rinzai Zen temple in Ukyō Ward, Kyoto. Its abbot's-quarters garden is the most famous karesansui in Japan, renowned for arranging fifteen stones in five groups within a rectangle of white sand — with one stone always hidden from any vantage point, so only fourteen can be seen at once.","龍安寺は京都市右京区にある臨済宗の禅寺で、その方丈庭園は最も有名な枯山水として知られています。長方形の白砂の中に十五の石が五群に配置され、どの角度から見ても必ず一つは隠れて十四しか見えないという謎で有名です。",{"id":160,"question":161,"options":164,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":177},"q5",{"en":162,"jp":163},"Which is correct about the garden at the Adachi Museum of Art in Shimane Prefecture?","島根県の足立美術館の庭園について正しい記述はどれですか。",[165,168,171,174],{"label":78,"jp":166,"en":167},"ミシュラン・グリーンガイドで初めて三つ星を獲得した池泉回遊式庭園である","A chisen-kaiyū garden that was the first to receive three stars in the Michelin Green Guide",{"label":82,"jp":169,"en":170},"アメリカの専門誌の庭園ランキングで20年以上連続日本一に選ばれている","Ranked number one in Japan for more than 20 consecutive years by an American specialist journal's garden ranking",{"label":86,"jp":172,"en":173},"江戸時代に大名が造営した三大名園の一つである","One of the three great gardens built by a daimyō in the Edo period",{"label":90,"jp":175,"en":176},"千利休が設計した最古の枯山水として知られている","Known as the oldest karesansui, designed by Sen no Rikyū",{"en":178,"jp":179},"The Adachi Museum of Art garden has been ranked number one in Japan — effectively number one in the world — for over twenty consecutive years since 2003 by the American specialist journal Sucessful Journal of Japanese Gardening. It perfectly incorporates the mountains behind it as borrowed scenery.","足立美術館の庭園は、アメリカの日本庭園専門誌『ジャーナル・オブ・ジャパニーズ・ガーデニング』のランキングで、2003年から20年以上連続で日本一（実質世界一）に選ばれ続けています。背後の山を借景に取り込んだ完成度の高い庭園です。",{"id":181,"question":182,"options":185,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":198},"q6",{"en":183,"jp":184},"Which correctly describes the role of the roji (tea garden)?","露地（茶庭）の役割として正しいものはどれですか。",[186,189,192,195],{"label":78,"jp":187,"en":188},"大名が客人をもてなすための広大な観賞用庭園","A vast ornamental garden for daimyō to entertain guests",{"label":82,"jp":190,"en":191},"禅僧が瞑想するための完全に抽象化された石庭","A fully abstract stone garden for Zen monks to meditate in",{"label":86,"jp":193,"en":194},"茶室への通路として作られ、客が俗世から心を切り離して茶室に入るための庭","A garden made as a passageway to a tea room, allowing guests to detach from the secular world before entering",{"label":90,"jp":196,"en":197},"皇室専用の散策路として整備された庭園","A garden maintained as an imperial-family-only strolling path",{"en":199,"jp":200},"The roji is a garden created as a passageway to a tea room, said to have been systematized by Sen no Rikyū. With stepping stones, a stone water basin (tsukubai), and a stone lantern, it lets guests detach from the secular world while walking, purify their hands and mouth at the tsukubai, and then enter the tea room — a single ritual flow.","露地は茶室へ向かう通路として作られた庭で、千利休が体系化したと言われます。飛石・蹲踞・石灯籠などが配置され、客は露地を歩くことで俗世から心を切り離し、蹲踞で手と口を清めてから茶室に入るという一連の流れが出来上がります。"]