[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:sado":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":79,"quiz":80},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":78},"article","culture-sado","sado","茶道入門 — 千利休と侘び寂びの精神","Introduction to the Way of Tea — Sen no Rikyū and the Spirit of Wabi-Sabi","culture","An introduction to sadō (the Japanese tea ceremony): its origins in the Muromachi period, the perfection of the form by Sen no Rikyū in the Azuchi-Momoyama era, the three Senke schools, the four guiding principles (wa-kei-sei-jaku), the layout of the tea room, the implements used, and how the practice survives in modern Japan as a women-led tradition and as a popular school club activity.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-sado.png",[15,20,24,28,33,37,41,45,49,54,58,62,66,70,74],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"茶道","さどう","tea ceremony","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"侘び寂び","わびさび","rustic simplicity and quiet elegance",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"起源","きげん","origin",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":32},"精神","せいしん","spirit","N2",{"word":34,"reading":35,"meaning":36,"level":19},"一期一会","いちごいちえ","once-in-a-lifetime encounter",{"word":38,"reading":39,"meaning":40,"level":19},"和敬清寂","わけいせいじゃく","harmony",{"word":42,"reading":43,"meaning":44,"level":19},"茶室","ちゃしつ","tea room",{"word":46,"reading":47,"meaning":48,"level":19},"床の間","とこのま","alcove for art and flowers",{"word":50,"reading":51,"meaning":52,"level":53},"茶碗","ちゃわん","tea bowl","N3",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":19},"茶杓","ちゃしゃく","tea scoop",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":19},"棗","なつめ","tea caddy (jujube-shaped)",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":19},"流派","りゅうは","school",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":32},"完成","かんせい","completion",{"word":71,"reading":72,"meaning":73,"level":32},"受け継ぐ","うけつぐ","to inherit",{"word":75,"reading":76,"meaning":77,"level":19},"作法","さほう","manners","culture-traditional-quiz","\n::para\n[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}とは、お[茶]{ちゃ:tea:N4}を[点てて]{たてて:to whisk and serve:N3}[客]{きゃく:guest:N3}に[振る舞う]{ふるまう:to entertain, serve:N1}という[行為]{こうい:act:N1}を[通して]{とおして:through:N4}、[精神]{せいしん:spirit:N3}[修養]{しゅうよう:cultivation:N1}と[美意識]{びいしき:aesthetic sense:N3}を[追求]{ついきゅう:to pursue:N3}する[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[伝統]{でんとう:tradition:N1}[文化]{ぶんか:culture:N3}です。[単に]{たんに:merely:N3}お[茶]{ちゃ:tea:N4}を[飲む]{のむ:to drink:N4}だけではなく、その[一杯]{いっぱい:one cup:N3}に[込められた]{こめられた:put into:N3}[亭主]{ていしゅ:host:N1}の[心遣い]{こころづかい:thoughtfulness:N1}と、[客]{きゃく:guest:N3}との[一期一会]{いちごいちえ:once-in-a-lifetime encounter:N3}の[時間]{じかん:time:N5}を[味わう]{あじわう:to savor:N4}ことに[本質]{ほんしつ:essence:N4}があります。\n\n#en\nSadō — the way of tea — is a traditional Japanese cultural practice in which the act of whisking and serving tea to a guest becomes a vehicle for spiritual cultivation and the pursuit of an aesthetic ideal. Its essence lies not merely in drinking tea, but in savoring the host's thoughtfulness poured into a single bowl, and the once-in-a-lifetime time shared with the guest.\n::\n\n::heading\n[起源]{きげん:origin:N1} — [室町時代]{むろまちじだい:Muromachi period:N4}から[安土桃山時代]{あづちももやまじだい:Azuchi-Momoyama period:N1}へ\n\n#en\nOrigins — From the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama Period\n::\n\n::para\nお[茶]{ちゃ:tea:N4}そのものは[平安時代]{へいあんじだい:Heian period:N3}に[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}から[伝わり]{つたわり:to be transmitted:N3}、[僧侶]{そうりょ:monks:N1}の[薬用]{やくよう:medicinal use:N3}として[使われて]{つかわれて:to be used:N4}いました。[現在]{げんざい:current:N3}の[抹茶]{まっちゃ:matcha:N1}を[使う]{つかう:to use:N4}[形式]{けいしき:form, style:N3}が[整い]{ととのい:to take shape:N1}[始めた]{はじめた:began:N4}のは[室町時代]{むろまちじだい:Muromachi period:N4}で、[村田]{むらた:Murata (surname):N2}[珠光]{じゅこう:Jukō:N1}が[簡素]{かんそ:simple:N1}で[内省的]{ないせいてき:introspective:N2}な「[侘び茶]{わびちゃ:wabi-style tea:N1}」の[考え方]{かんがえかた:way of thinking:N4}を[提唱]{ていしょう:to advocate:N1}しました。\n\n#en\nTea itself was transmitted from China during the Heian period and was first used by Buddhist monks for medicinal purposes. The form using powdered matcha — close to today's practice — began to take shape in the Muromachi period, when Murata Jukō advocated a simple and introspective way of tea known as wabi-cha.\n::\n\n::para\nそして[安土桃山時代]{あづちももやまじだい:Azuchi-Momoyama period:N1}、[千]{せん:Sen (surname):N5}[利休]{りきゅう:Rikyū:N3}がこの[侘び茶]{わびちゃ:wabi-style tea:N1}を[完成]{かんせい:perfection:N3}させました。[利休]{りきゅう:Rikyū:N3}は[豊臣]{とよとみ:Toyotomi:N2}[秀吉]{ひでよし:Hideyoshi:N1}の[茶頭]{さどう:tea master:N3}として[仕え]{つかえ:to serve:N4}、[華やか]{はなやか:gorgeous:N1}な[書院造]{しょいんづくり:shoin-style architecture:N2}の[広間]{ひろま:large hall:N4}ではなく、[四畳半]{よじょうはん:four-and-a-half tatami:N2}という[極めて]{きわめて:extremely:N2}[小さな]{ちいさな:small:N5}[空間]{くうかん:space:N4}で、[質素]{しっそ:austere:N1}な[道具]{どうぐ:implements:N3}を[用い]{もちい:to use:N4}、[精神性]{せいしんせい:spirituality:N3}を[極限]{きょくげん:extreme:N2}まで[突き詰めました]{つきつめました:pursued to the limit:N2}。\n\n#en\nThen, in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Sen no Rikyū perfected this wabi-style tea. Serving as tea master to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Rikyū rejected the gorgeous halls of shoin-style architecture in favor of an extremely small four-and-a-half-tatami room. Using austere implements, he pursued spirituality to its very limit.\n::\n\n::callout\n[利休]{りきゅう:Rikyū:N3}が[掲げた]{かかげた:upheld:N1}[四つ]{よっつ:four:N5}の[原則]{げんそく:principles:N2}が[和敬清寂]{わけいせいじゃく:wa-kei-sei-jaku:N1}です。[和]{わ:harmony:N3}（[互い]{たがい:each other:N3}に[和む]{なごむ:to harmonize:N3}）、[敬]{けい:respect:N2}（[互い]{たがい:each other:N3}を[敬う]{うやまう:to revere:N2}）、[清]{せい:purity:N2}（[心身]{しんしん:mind and body:N4}を[清める]{きよめる:to purify:N2}）、[寂]{じゃく:tranquility:N1}（[何事]{なにごと:anything:N4}にも[動じない]{どうじない:not to be moved:N4}[静寂]{せいじゃく:tranquility:N1}）。これは[今]{いま:now:N5}も[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}の[根本]{こんぽん:foundation:N2}[精神]{せいしん:spirit:N3}として[受け継がれて]{うけつがれて:to be inherited:N1}います。\n\n#en\nThe four principles upheld by Rikyū are wa-kei-sei-jaku: wa (harmony — softening with one another), kei (respect — revering one another), sei (purity — cleansing body and mind), and jaku (tranquility — a stillness undisturbed by anything). These are still inherited today as the foundational spirit of sadō.\n::\n\n::heading\n[三千家]{さんせんけ:the three Senke schools:N4} — [流派]{りゅうは:schools:N1}の[誕生]{たんじょう:birth:N1}\n\n#en\nThe Three Senke — Birth of the Schools\n::\n\n::para\n[利休]{りきゅう:Rikyū:N3}の[死後]{しご:after death:N4}、その[孫]{まご:grandchild:N2}・[千]{せん:Sen:N5}[宗旦]{そうたん:Sōtan:N1}の[子孫]{しそん:descendants:N2}たちが[三つ]{みっつ:three:N5}の[流派]{りゅうは:schools:N1}を[立て]{たて:to establish:N4}、これを[三千家]{さんせんけ:the three Senke:N4}と[呼びます]{よびます:to call:N3}。[表千家]{おもてせんけ:Omotesenke:N3}、[裏千家]{うらせんけ:Urasenke:N2}、[武者小路千家]{むしゃこうじせんけ:Mushakōji-senke:N2}の[三家]{さんけ:three houses:N4}です。それぞれ[宗家]{そうけ:head family:N1}を[継ぐ]{つぐ:to succeed:N1}「[家元]{いえもと:grand master:N4}」が[いて]{いて:to exist}、[弟子]{でし:disciples:N4}に[免状]{めんじょう:certificate of mastery:N1}を[出す]{だす:to issue:N5}「[家元]{いえもと:grand master:N4}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}」を[今]{いま:now:N5}も[守って]{まもって:to maintain:N3}います。\n\n#en\nAfter Rikyū's death, descendants of his grandson Sen Sōtan founded three lineages, collectively known as the Sansenke: Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakōji-senke. Each is led by a grand master (iemoto) who issues certificates of mastery to disciples — a system still in place today.\n::\n\n::para\n[三家]{さんけ:three houses:N4}とも[根本]{こんぽん:foundation:N2}[精神]{せいしん:spirit:N3}は[共通]{きょうつう:common:N3}していますが、[作法]{さほう:manners:N3}の[細部]{さいぶ:details:N2}が[異なります]{ことなります:to differ:N1}。[例えば]{たとえば:for example:N3}、[裏千家]{うらせんけ:Urasenke:N2}は[泡立て]{あわだて:foaming:N1}の[多い]{おおい:abundant:N4}「[たっぷり]{たっぷり:plenty}とした[薄茶]{うすちゃ:thin tea:N2}」を[点て]{たて:to whisk:N3}、[表千家]{おもてせんけ:Omotesenke:N3}は[泡]{あわ:foam:N1}を[控えめ]{ひかえめ:restrained:N1}にする[傾向]{けいこう:tendency:N2}があります。[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}での[普及]{ふきゅう:spread:N1}や[学校]{がっこう:school:N5}[茶道]{さどう:sadō:N4}の[導入]{どうにゅう:introduction:N2}に[最も]{もっとも:most:N3}[積極的]{せっきょくてき:proactive:N2}なのは[裏千家]{うらせんけ:Urasenke:N2}で、[国内]{こくない:domestic:N3}[最大]{さいだい:largest:N3}の[流派]{りゅうは:school:N1}とも[言われます]{いわれます:to be said:N4}。\n\n#en\nWhile the three houses share the same foundational spirit, the fine details of their manners differ. Urasenke, for example, prepares a foamy, plentiful bowl of thin tea, while Omotesenke tends to keep the foam restrained. Urasenke has been the most active in spreading sadō overseas and into school clubs, and is often said to be the largest school within Japan.\n::\n\n::heading\n[茶室]{ちゃしつ:tea room:N4}と[道具]{どうぐ:implements:N3}の[世界]{せかい:world:N4}\n\n#en\nThe World of the Tea Room and Its Implements\n::\n\n::para\n[本格的]{ほんかくてき:authentic:N3}な[茶室]{ちゃしつ:tea room:N4}は[四畳半]{よじょうはん:four-and-a-half tatami:N2}を[基本]{きほん:basis:N1}とし、[客]{きゃく:guest:N3}は[小さな]{ちいさな:small:N5}「[躙口]{にじりぐち:crawl-through entrance:N1}」から[身]{み:body:N4}を[屈めて]{かがめて:to bend, stoop:N1}[入ります]{はいります:to enter:N5}。これは[身分]{みぶん:social status:N4}の[差]{さ:difference:N3}を[捨てて]{すてて:to abandon:N2}[平等]{びょうどう:equality:N3}に[座る]{すわる:to sit:N3}という[象徴]{しょうちょう:symbol:N1}です。[正面]{しょうめん:front:N3}には[床の間]{とこのま:alcove:N2}があり、[掛軸]{かけじく:hanging scroll:N1}と[季節]{きせつ:season:N1}の[花]{はな:flowers:N4}（[茶花]{ちゃばな:tea flowers:N4}）が[飾られ]{かざられ:to be displayed:N1}、その[日]{ひ:day:N5}の[テーマ]{テーマ:theme}を[静か]{しずか:quiet:N3}に[語ります]{かたります:to speak:N5}。\n\n#en\nA proper tea room is based on four-and-a-half tatami mats, and guests enter by stooping through a small \"nijiriguchi\" crawl-in entrance — a symbolic gesture of casting aside social rank to sit as equals. Facing the entrance is the tokonoma alcove, where a hanging scroll and seasonal flowers (chabana) quietly tell the theme of the day.\n::\n\n::para\n[主要]{しゅよう:principal:N3}な[道具]{どうぐ:implements:N3}には、お[茶]{ちゃ:tea:N4}を[飲む]{のむ:to drink:N4}「[茶碗]{ちゃわん:tea bowl:N1}」、[抹茶]{まっちゃ:matcha:N1}を[すくう]{すくう:to scoop}「[茶杓]{ちゃしゃく:tea scoop:N1}」、[抹茶]{まっちゃ:matcha:N1}を[入れる]{いれる:to put in:N5}「[棗]{なつめ:tea caddy:N1}」、お[湯]{ゆ:hot water:N2}を[沸かす]{わかす:to boil:N2}「[釜]{かま:kettle:N1}」、お[湯]{ゆ:hot water:N2}を[汲む]{くむ:to ladle:N1}「[柄杓]{ひしゃく:bamboo ladle:N1}」、[抹茶]{まっちゃ:matcha:N1}を[泡立てる]{あわだてる:to whisk into foam:N1}「[茶筅]{ちゃせん:bamboo whisk:N1}」などがあります。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[茶碗]{ちゃわん:tea bowl:N1}は[歪み]{ゆがみ:warp, distortion:N1}や[釉薬]{ゆうやく:glaze:N1}の[景色]{けしき:scenery:N3}を[愛で]{めで:to admire:N3}、[完璧]{かんぺき:perfect:N1}でないものに[宿る]{やどる:to dwell in:N3}[美]{び:beauty:N3}を[味わう]{あじわう:to savor:N4}—これが[侘び寂び]{わびさび:wabi-sabi:N1}の[感性]{かんせい:sensibility:N3}です。\n\n#en\nAmong the principal implements are: the chawan (tea bowl) for drinking; the chashaku (tea scoop) for measuring matcha; the natsume (tea caddy) for storing matcha; the kama (kettle) for boiling water; the hishaku (bamboo ladle) for ladling water; and the chasen (bamboo whisk) for whisking the tea into foam. Tea bowls especially are admired for their warps and the \"scenery\" of their glaze — a love of beauty that dwells in things that are not perfect. This is the sensibility of wabi-sabi.\n::\n\n::heading\n[一期一会]{いちごいちえ:once-in-a-lifetime encounter:N3}という[考え方]{かんがえかた:way of thinking:N4}\n\n#en\nThe Idea of Ichigo Ichie\n::\n\n::para\n[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}を[語る]{かたる:to speak of:N5}[上]{うえ:on:N5}で[欠かせない]{かかせない:indispensable:N3}[言葉]{ことば:word:N3}が[一期一会]{いちごいちえ:once-in-a-lifetime encounter:N3}です。[たとえ]{たとえ:even if}[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[相手]{あいて:partner:N3}と[何度]{なんど:many times:N4}も[茶会]{ちゃかい:tea gathering:N4}を[開いた]{ひらいた:to hold:N4}としても、その[瞬間]{しゅんかん:moment:N1}・その[組み合わせ]{くみあわせ:combination:N3}は[一生]{いっしょう:lifetime:N5}に[一度]{いちど:once:N4}しかない、だからこそ[全力]{ぜんりょく:all one's strength:N3}で[向き合う]{むきあう:to face:N3}べきだ、という[思想]{しそう:thought:N3}です。\n\n#en\nA word indispensable to any discussion of sadō is ichigo ichie. Even if you hold a tea gathering with the same person many times, that moment and that combination of people will occur only once in a lifetime — and so you should face it with everything you have. This is the philosophy.\n::\n\n::callout\n[一期一会]{いちごいちえ:once-in-a-lifetime encounter:N3}は[現代]{げんだい:modern:N3}の[ビジネス]{ビジネス:business}[シーン]{シーン:scene}でも[よく]{よく:often}[引用]{いんよう:cited:N3}される[言葉]{ことば:word:N3}です。[商談]{しょうだん:business negotiation:N3}の[場]{ば:setting:N4}や[出会い]{であい:encounter:N4}を[大切に]{たいせつに:to value:N4}するという[感覚]{かんかく:sense:N3}は、[お茶]{おちゃ:tea:N4}の[精神]{せいしん:spirit:N3}から[来て]{きて:coming from:N5}いると[言える]{いえる:can be said:N4}でしょう。\n\n#en\nIchigo ichie is a phrase often quoted even in modern business contexts. The sense of valuing each business negotiation or encounter can be traced back to the spirit of the tea ceremony.\n::\n\n::heading\n[現代]{げんだい:modern:N3}の[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}\n\n#en\nSadō in the Modern Day\n::\n\n::para\n[戦国]{せんごく:warring states:N3}[武将]{ぶしょう:military commanders:N2}たちの[嗜み]{たしなみ:accomplishment:N1}として[男性]{だんせい:men:N3}[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}に[発展]{はってん:development:N1}した[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}ですが、[明治]{めいじ:Meiji:N3}[以降]{いこう:and after:N3}、[女子]{じょし:girls':N5}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}の[一環]{いっかん:as part of:N1}として[広まり]{ひろまり:to spread:N4}、[今]{いま:now:N5}では[圧倒的]{あっとうてき:overwhelmingly:N2}に[女性]{じょせい:women:N3}の[実践者]{じっせんしゃ:practitioners:N1}が[多い]{おおい:many:N4}[文化]{ぶんか:culture:N3}になっています。[結婚]{けっこん:marriage:N1}[前]{まえ:before:N5}の[花嫁]{はなよめ:bride:N1}[修業]{しゅぎょう:training:N1}として[習う]{ならう:to learn:N4}[時代]{じだい:era:N4}は[過ぎ去り]{すぎさり:to pass by:N3}、[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}は[純粋]{じゅんすい:pure:N1}な[趣味]{しゅみ:hobby:N1}や[精神]{せいしん:spiritual:N3}[修養]{しゅうよう:cultivation:N1}として[幅広い]{はばひろい:broad:N2}[年齢層]{ねんれいそう:age range:N2}が[親しんで]{したしんで:to enjoy:N4}います。\n\n#en\nAlthough sadō developed mainly among men as an accomplishment of warring-states commanders, from the Meiji era onward it spread as part of girls' education, and today the overwhelming majority of practitioners are women. The era of learning tea as bridal training before marriage has passed; today people of a wide range of ages enjoy it as a pure hobby or as spiritual cultivation.\n::\n\n::para\n[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[中学]{ちゅうがく:junior high:N5}・[高校]{こうこう:high school:N5}・[大学]{だいがく:university:N5}には「[茶道部]{さどうぶ:tea ceremony club:N3}」があり、[週]{しゅう:week:N4}に[一回]{いっかい:once:N3}[和室]{わしつ:tatami room:N3}に[集まって]{あつまって:to gather:N4}[練習]{れんしゅう:practice:N2}します。[学校]{がっこう:school:N5}[文化祭]{ぶんかさい:cultural festival:N2}での[お茶会]{おちゃかい:tea gathering:N4}は[定番]{ていばん:standard:N3}の[出し物]{だしもの:offering:N4}で、[来場者]{らいじょうしゃ:visitors:N4}に[抹茶]{まっちゃ:matcha:N1}と[和菓子]{わがし:Japanese sweets:N2}を[振る舞います]{ふるまいます:to serve:N1}。[就職]{しゅうしょく:job hunting:N1}[活動]{かつどう:activities:N3}でも「[茶道部]{さどうぶ:tea ceremony club:N3}に[所属]{しょぞく:to belong:N1}していました」と[語る]{かたる:to speak:N5}と、[礼儀]{れいぎ:etiquette:N1}[作法]{さほう:manners:N3}が[身に付いて]{みについて:to acquire:N3}いる[印象]{いんしょう:impression:N2}を[与えます]{あたえます:to give:N3}。\n\n#en\nMany junior highs, high schools, and universities have a \"sadō-bu\" (tea ceremony club) that meets once a week in a tatami room to practice. Tea gatherings at school cultural festivals are a standard offering, where matcha and Japanese sweets are served to visitors. Even in job-hunting activities, mentioning that one belonged to a tea club leaves the impression that one has acquired proper etiquette.\n::\n\n::heading\nおわりに\n\n#en\nConclusion\n::\n\n::para\n[茶道]{さどう:tea ceremony:N4}は[単なる]{たんなる:mere:N3}[古い]{ふるい:old:N4}[作法]{さほう:manners:N3}の[体系]{たいけい:system:N1}ではなく、[四百]{よんひゃく:four hundred:N5}[年]{ねん:years:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}にわたって[受け継がれて]{うけつがれて:to be inherited:N1}きた[生き方]{いきかた:way of living:N4}そのものです。[一杯]{いっぱい:one cup:N3}のお[茶]{ちゃ:tea:N4}を[点てる]{たてる:to whisk:N3}という[小さな]{ちいさな:small:N5}[行為]{こうい:act:N1}に、[相手]{あいて:other person:N3}を[思いやる]{おもいやる:to be considerate of:N4}[心]{こころ:heart:N4}と、[今]{いま:now:N5}この[瞬間]{しゅんかん:moment:N1}を[大切に]{たいせつに:to cherish:N4}する[感性]{かんせい:sensibility:N3}が[凝縮]{ぎょうしゅく:condensation:N1}されています。[侘び寂び]{わびさび:wabi-sabi:N1}の[精神]{せいしん:spirit:N3}は、[忙しい]{いそがしい:busy:N3}[現代]{げんだい:modern:N3}を[生きる]{いきる:to live:N5}[私たち]{わたしたち:we:N4}にこそ、[新鮮]{しんせん:fresh:N1}な[気付き]{きづき:realization:N3}を[与えて]{あたえて:to give:N3}くれるかもしれません。\n\n#en\nSadō is not merely an old system of manners — it is a way of living that has been passed down for over four hundred years. Concentrated into the small act of whisking a single bowl of tea are a heart that considers the other person and a sensibility that cherishes this very moment. The spirit of wabi-sabi may, in fact, offer the freshest of insights to those of us living in busy modern times.\n::\n",{"id":78,"title":81,"titleEn":82,"topicPath":10,"questions":83},"伝統文化確認テスト","Traditional Culture Check Test",[84,112,135,160,183,207],{"id":85,"articleId":6,"question":86,"options":89,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":106,"tags":109},"culture-traditional-quiz-q01",{"en":87,"jp":88},"Who is said to have perfected wabi-cha tea ceremony?","[茶道]{さどう}の[「侘茶]{わびちゃ}[」]{}を[大成]{たいせい}したとされる[人物]{じんぶつ}は？",[90,94,98,102],{"label":91,"jp":92,"en":93},"ア","[千利休]{せんのりきゅう}","Sen no Rikyuu",{"label":95,"jp":96,"en":97},"イ","[村田珠光]{むらたじゅこう}","Murata Jukou",{"label":99,"jp":100,"en":101},"ウ","[武野紹鴎]{たけのじょうおう}","Takeno Joou",{"label":103,"jp":104,"en":105},"エ","[豊臣秀吉]{とよとみひでよし}","Toyotomi Hideyoshi",{"en":107,"jp":108},"Sen no Rikyuu (1522–1591) inherited the lineage from Murata Jukou and Takeno Joou and is credited with perfecting wabi-cha, said to have shaped the prototype of modern tea ceremony.","[千利休]{せんのりきゅう}（[1522-1591]{せんごひゃくにじゅうにせんごひゃくきゅうじゅういち}）は[村田珠光]{むらたじゅこう}・[武野紹鴎]{たけのじょうおう}の[流]{なが}れを[継]{つ}ぎ[「侘茶]{わびちゃ}[」]{}を[大成]{たいせい}したとされ、[現代]{げんだい}の[茶道]{さどう}の[原型]{げんけい}を[作]{つく}ったと[評価]{ひょうか}されています。",[110,111],"tea-ceremony","history",{"id":113,"articleId":6,"question":114,"options":117,"correctLabel":103,"explanation":130,"tags":133},"culture-traditional-quiz-q02",{"en":115,"jp":116},"Which is NOT one of the 'three Sen families' descending from Sen no Rikyuu?","[千利休]{せんのりきゅう}の[流]{なが}れを[汲]{く}む[「三千家]{さんせんけ}[」]{}に[該当]{がいとう}しないものは？",[118,121,124,127],{"label":91,"jp":119,"en":120},"[表千家]{おもてせんけ}","Omotesenke",{"label":95,"jp":122,"en":123},"[裏千家]{うらせんけ}","Urasenke",{"label":99,"jp":125,"en":126},"[武者小路千家]{むしゃこうじせんけ}","Mushakouji-senke",{"label":103,"jp":128,"en":129},"[江戸千家]{えどせんけ}","Edo-senke",{"en":131,"jp":132},"The 'three Sen families' are Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakouji-senke, said to have been founded by the children of Soutan, Sen no Rikyuu's grandson. Edo-senke is from a separate lineage.","[「三千家]{さんせんけ}[」]{}は[表千家]{おもてせんけ}・[裏千家]{うらせんけ}・[武者小路千家]{むしゃこうじせんけ}を[指]{さ}し、[千利休]{せんのりきゅう}の[孫]{まご}・[宗旦]{そうたん}の[子]{こ}たちが[創設]{そうせつ}したとされます。[江戸千家]{えどせんけ}は[別系統]{べつけいとう}の[流派]{りゅうは}とされます。",[110,134],"schools",{"id":136,"articleId":137,"question":138,"options":141,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":154,"tags":157},"culture-traditional-quiz-q03","culture-jinja-tera",{"en":139,"jp":140},"What is the formal etiquette for worship at a Shinto shrine?","[神社]{じんじゃ}の[正式]{せいしき}な[参拝作法]{さんぱいさほう}は？",[142,145,148,151],{"label":91,"jp":143,"en":144},"[一礼一拍手一礼]{いちれいいっぱくしゅいちれい}","1 bow, 1 clap, 1 bow",{"label":95,"jp":146,"en":147},"[二礼二拍手一礼]{にれいにはくしゅいちれい}","2 bows, 2 claps, 1 bow",{"label":99,"jp":149,"en":150},"[三礼三拍手三礼]{さんれいさんぱくしゅさんれい}","3 bows, 3 claps, 3 bows",{"label":103,"jp":152,"en":153},"[手]{て}を[合]{あ}わせるだけ","just clasp hands",{"en":155,"jp":156},"The general worship etiquette at Shinto shrines is '2 bows, 2 claps, 1 bow.' Some shrines like Izumo Taisha and Usa Jingu have special practices such as '2 bows, 4 claps, 1 bow.'","[神社]{じんじゃ}の[一般的]{いっぱんてき}な[参拝作法]{さんぱいさほう}は[「二礼二拍手一礼]{にれいにはくしゅいちれい}[」]{}とされます。[出雲大社]{いずもたいしゃ}や[宇佐神宮]{うさじんぐう}など[一部神社]{いちぶじんじゃ}は[「二礼四拍手一礼]{にれいよんはくしゅいちれい}[」]{}など[特殊]{とくしゅ}な[作法]{さほう}を[持]{も}つ[ケース]{けーす}もあります。",[158,159],"shinto","etiquette",{"id":161,"articleId":137,"question":162,"options":165,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":178,"tags":181},"culture-traditional-quiz-q04",{"en":163,"jp":164},"What is the general worship etiquette at a Buddhist temple?","[寺]{てら}（[仏教寺院]{ぶっきょうじいん}）での[参拝作法]{さんぱいさほう}は[一般的]{いっぱんてき}に？",[166,169,172,175],{"label":91,"jp":167,"en":168},"[拍手]{はくしゅ}を[2回]{にかい}[打]{う}つ","clap twice",{"label":95,"jp":170,"en":171},"[手]{て}を[合]{あ}わせて[静]{しず}かに[祈]{いの}る（[拍手]{はくしゅ}しない）","clasp hands and pray silently (no clapping)",{"label":99,"jp":173,"en":174},"[拍手]{はくしゅ}を[4回]{よんかい}[打]{う}つ","clap four times",{"label":103,"jp":176,"en":177},"[作法]{さほう}は[存在]{そんざい}しない","no etiquette exists",{"en":179,"jp":180},"At temples, the general practice is no clapping but rather 'gasshou' (palms-together) prayer. After offering coins, one bows once, presses palms together, and may chant sutras or the nembutsu.","[寺]{てら}では[拍手]{はくしゅ}を[行]{おこな}わず[「合掌]{がっしょう}[」]{}（[手]{て}を[合]{あ}わせる）して[祈]{いの}るのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき}とされます。[賽銭]{さいせん}を[入]{い}れた[後]{あと}に[一礼]{いちれい}してから[合掌]{がっしょう}し、[読経]{どきょう}や[念仏]{ねんぶつ}を[唱]{とな}える[場合]{ばあい}もあるとされます。",[182,159],"buddhism",{"id":184,"articleId":185,"question":186,"options":189,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":202,"tags":205},"culture-traditional-quiz-q05","culture-sandou",{"en":187,"jp":188},"What are the three elements of 'cha-ka-sho sandou'?","[「茶華書三道]{ちゃかしょさんどう}[」]{}の[3要素]{さんようそ}は？",[190,193,196,199],{"label":91,"jp":191,"en":192},"[茶道]{さどう}・[華道]{かどう}・[書道]{しょどう}","tea \u002F flowers \u002F calligraphy",{"label":95,"jp":194,"en":195},"[茶道]{さどう}・[剣道]{けんどう}・[書道]{しょどう}","tea \u002F kendo \u002F calligraphy",{"label":99,"jp":197,"en":198},"[茶道]{さどう}・[華道]{かどう}・[弓道]{きゅうどう}","tea \u002F flowers \u002F kyudo",{"label":103,"jp":200,"en":201},"[剣道]{けんどう}・[柔道]{じゅうどう}・[弓道]{きゅうどう}","kendo \u002F judo \u002F kyudo",{"en":203,"jp":204},"The 'three Ways' refer to tea, flowers, and calligraphy as representative artistic Ways — all systems of 'michi' that emphasize 'kata' (form) and spirituality.","[「三道]{さんどう}[」]{}は[芸道]{げいどう}を[代表]{だいひょう}する[茶道]{さどう}・[華道]{かどう}・[書道]{しょどう}を[指]{さ}し、[いずれ]{:any}も[「型]{かた}[」]{}と[精神性]{せいしんせい}を[重]{おも}んじる[「道]{みち}[」]{}の[体系]{たいけい}とされます。",[206],"sandou",{"id":208,"articleId":185,"question":209,"options":212,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":225,"tags":228},"culture-traditional-quiz-q06",{"en":210,"jp":211},"What is the origin of Ikenobou, the oldest school of kadou?","[華道]{かどう}の[最古]{さいこ}の[流派]{りゅうは}「[池坊]{いけのぼう}」の[起源]{きげん}は？",[213,216,219,222],{"label":91,"jp":214,"en":215},"[6世紀]{ろくせいき}の[仏前供花]{ぶつぜんくげ}","6th-century Buddhist altar offerings",{"label":95,"jp":217,"en":218},"[江戸時代]{えどじだい}の[商人文化]{しょうにんぶんか}","Edo-era merchant culture",{"label":99,"jp":220,"en":221},"[戦国武将]{せんごくぶしょう}の[陣中花]{じんちゅうばな}","Sengoku warlords' camp flowers",{"label":103,"jp":223,"en":224},"[明治時代]{めいじじだい}の[西洋花]{せいようばな}","Meiji-era Western flowers",{"en":226,"jp":227},"Ikenobou traces its origin to Buddhist altar offerings transmitted in the 6th century, said to have begun with altar flowers arranged by monks of Kyoto's Rokkakudou — the oldest kadou school.","[池坊]{いけのぼう}は[6世紀]{ろくせいき}に[仏教]{ぶっきょう}とともに[伝来]{でんらい}した[仏前供花]{ぶつぜんくげ}を[起源]{きげん}とし、[京都]{きょうと}・[六角堂]{ろっかくどう}の[僧侶]{そうりょ}が[整]{ととの}えた[供花]{くげ}が[発祥]{はっしょう}とされ、[華道]{かどう}の[最古]{さいこ}の[流派]{りゅうは}とされています。",[229,230],"ikebana","ikenobou"]