[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:sumo":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":79,"quiz":80},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":78},"article","culture-sumo","sumo","大相撲 — 番付と力士の生活","Grand Sumo — Rankings and the Life of a Rikishi","culture","An overview of grand sumo's six annual tournaments, the banzuke ranking system from yokozuna down to the lower divisions, daily life inside a sumo stable, and the modern challenges of foreign yokozuna, violence scandals, and rebuilding popularity.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-sumo.png",[15,20,24,28,32,36,40,45,49,53,57,61,66,70,74],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"大相撲","おおずもう","grand sumo","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"番付","ばんづけ","ranking sheet",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"力士","りきし","sumo wrestler",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":19},"横綱","よこづな","yokozuna (highest rank)",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"大関","おおぜき","ozeki (second rank)",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"関脇","せきわけ","sekiwake (third rank)",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":44},"部屋","へや","stable","N3",{"word":46,"reading":47,"meaning":48,"level":19},"朝稽古","あさげいこ","morning practice",{"word":50,"reading":51,"meaning":52,"level":44},"場所","ばしょ","tournament",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":19},"興行","こうぎょう","public performance",{"word":58,"reading":59,"meaning":60,"level":19},"神事","しんじ","Shinto ritual",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":65},"引退","いんたい","retirement","N2",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":65},"暴力","ぼうりょく","violence",{"word":71,"reading":72,"meaning":73,"level":19},"不祥事","ふしょうじ","scandal",{"word":75,"reading":76,"meaning":77,"level":65},"復活","ふっかつ","revival","culture-sports-events-quiz","\n::para\n[大相撲]{おおずもう:grand sumo:N1}は、[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}[相撲]{すもう:sumo:N1}[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}が[年]{ねん:year:N5}に6[回]{かい:times:N3}[開催]{かいさい:hold:N1}する[本場所]{ほんばしょ:main tournament:N3}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}に[運営]{うんえい:operate:N2}される[国技]{こくぎ:national sport:N2}です。1[場所]{ばしょ:tournament:N3}は15[日間]{にちかん:days:N5}[行われ]{おこなわれ:held:N5}、[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}たちは[毎日]{まいにち:every day:N5}1[番]{ばん:bout:N3}ずつ[取り]{とり:fight:N3}、[勝ち越し]{かちこし:winning record:N3}や[負け越し]{まけこし:losing record:N3}によって[次]{つぎ:next:N3}の[番付]{ばんづけ:ranking:N3}が[決まります]{きまります:is decided:N3}。\n\n#en\nGrand sumo is Japan's national sport, run by the Japan Sumo Association around six honbasho main tournaments held each year. Each tournament runs for 15 days, with rikishi fighting one bout per day, and their next ranking is determined by whether they finish with a winning or losing record.\n::\n\n::heading\n[年]{ねん:year:N5}6[場所]{ばしょ:tournament:N3}の[開催]{かいさい:hold:N1}[地]{ち:place:N4}\n\n#en\nThe Six Annual Tournament Locations\n::\n\n::para\n[現行]{げんこう:current:N3}の[年間]{ねんかん:annual:N5}スケジュールは[完全]{かんぜん:complete:N3}に[固定]{こてい:fixed:N2}されています。1[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[初場所]{はつばしょ:New Year tournament:N3}が[両国国技館]{りょうごくこくぎかん:Ryogoku Kokugikan:N2}（[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}）、3[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[大阪]{おおさか:Osaka:N2}[春場所]{はるばしょ:spring tournament:N3}（[エディオンアリーナ]{エディオンアリーナ:EDION Arena}[大阪]{おおさか:Osaka:N2}）、5[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[夏場所]{なつばしょ:summer tournament:N3}が[再び]{ふたたび:again:N2}[両国]{りょうごく:Ryogoku:N3}、7[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[名古屋]{なごや:Nagoya:N4}[場所]{ばしょ:tournament:N3}（[ドルフィンズアリーナ]{ドルフィンズアリーナ:Dolphins Arena}）、9[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[秋場所]{あきばしょ:autumn tournament:N3}が[両国]{りょうごく:Ryogoku:N3}、そして11[月]{がつ:month:N5}は[九州]{きゅうしゅう:Kyushu:N2}[場所]{ばしょ:tournament:N3}（[福岡国際センター]{ふくおかこくさいセンター:Fukuoka Kokusai Center:N3}）で[開かれ]{ひらかれ:is held:N4}ます。\n\n#en\nThe current annual schedule is completely fixed. January is the Hatsu-basho at Ryogoku Kokugikan (Tokyo); March is the Osaka spring tournament at EDION Arena Osaka; May is the summer tournament again at Ryogoku; July is the Nagoya tournament at Dolphins Arena; September is the autumn tournament at Ryogoku; and November is the Kyushu tournament at Fukuoka Kokusai Center.\n::\n\n::callout\n[本場所]{ほんばしょ:main tournament:N3}の[間]{あいだ:between:N5}には[地方]{ちほう:regional:N4}[巡業]{じゅんぎょう:tour:N1}が[組まれ]{くまれ:scheduled:N3}、[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}たちは[全国]{ぜんこく:nationwide:N3}を[回って]{まわって:travel:N3}ファンと[触れ合い]{ふれあい:interact with:N2}ます。これも[大相撲]{おおずもう:grand sumo:N1}の[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[興行]{こうぎょう:performance:N1}[活動]{かつどう:activity:N3}です。\n\n#en\nBetween honbasho, regional tours (jungyo) are organized, and rikishi travel across the country to interact with fans. This is another important commercial activity of grand sumo.\n::\n\n::heading\n[番付]{ばんづけ:ranking:N3}の[階層]{かいそう:hierarchy:N2}\n\n#en\nThe Banzuke Hierarchy\n::\n\n::para\n[番付]{ばんづけ:ranking:N3}は[厳密]{げんみつ:strict:N1}なピラミッド[構造]{こうぞう:structure:N2}を[持って]{もって:has:N4}います。[最高位]{さいこうい:highest rank:N3}は[横綱]{よこづな:yokozuna:N1}、[次]{つぎ:next:N3}に[大関]{おおぜき:ozeki:N3}、[関脇]{せきわけ:sekiwake:N2}、[小結]{こむすび:komusubi:N1}までを「[三役]{さんやく:three top ranks:N3}」と[呼び]{よび:call:N3}、その[下]{した:below:N5}に[前頭]{まえがしら:maegashira:N3}が1[枚目]{まいめ:rank:N2}から17[枚目]{まいめ:rank:N2}[前後]{ぜんご:approximately:N5}まで[並びます]{ならびます:line up:N2}。ここまでが[幕内]{まくうち:top division:N1}と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:called:N3}トップ[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[領域]{りょういき:realm:N2}です。その[下]{した:below:N5}に[十両]{じゅうりょう:juryo division:N3}、[幕下]{まくした:makushita division:N1}、[三段目]{さんだんめ:sandanme:N3}、[序二段]{じょにだん:jonidan:N1}、[序ノ口]{じょのくち:jonokuchi:N1}と[続きます]{つづきます:continues:N3}。\n\n#en\nThe banzuke has a strict pyramid structure. The highest rank is yokozuna, followed by ozeki, sekiwake, and komusubi (collectively the \"san'yaku\"). Below them are maegashira from rank 1 down to about rank 17. This is the makuuchi top division. Below that come juryo, makushita, sandanme, jonidan, and jonokuchi.\n::\n\n::callout\n[十両]{じゅうりょう:juryo:N3}[以上]{いじょう:and above:N4}が[正式]{せいしき:formal:N3}な「[関取]{せきとり:salaried wrestlers:N3}」と[認められ]{みとめられ:recognized as:N3}、[月給]{げっきゅう:monthly salary:N3}が[支給]{しきゅう:paid:N3}されますが、[幕下]{まくした:makushita:N1}[以下]{いか:and below:N4}は[基本的]{きほんてき:basically:N1}に[無給]{むきゅう:unpaid:N3}で、[部屋]{へや:stable:N3}からの[手当]{てあて:allowance:N3}のみで[生活]{せいかつ:live:N3}します。\n\n#en\nWrestlers in juryo and above are formally recognized as \"sekitori\" and receive a monthly salary, but those in makushita and below are basically unpaid and live only on allowances from their stable.\n::\n\n::heading\n[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[一日]{いちにち:day:N5}\n\n#en\nA Rikishi's Day\n::\n\n::para\n[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[朝]{あさ:morning:N4}は[早く]{はやく:early:N4}、[午前]{ごぜん:morning:N5}5[時]{じ:o'clock:N5}[頃]{ごろ:around:N2}から[朝稽古]{あさげいこ:morning practice:N1}が[始まり]{はじまり:begins:N4}ます。[空腹]{くうふく:empty stomach:N3}のまま[激しい]{はげしい:intense:N1}[稽古]{けいこ:practice:N1}を[行い]{おこない:perform:N5}、[終わって]{おわって:after finishing:N4}から[遅い]{おそい:late:N3}[朝食]{ちょうしょく:breakfast:N4}[兼]{けん:and:N1}[昼食]{ちゅうしょく:lunch:N4}として[ちゃんこ]{ちゃんこ:chanko}[鍋]{なべ:hot pot:N1}を[大量]{たいりょう:large quantity:N2}に[食べます]{たべます:eat:N5}。[食後]{しょくご:after eating:N5}は[昼寝]{ひるね:nap:N3}をするのが[伝統]{でんとう:tradition:N1}で、これが[体重]{たいじゅう:body weight:N4}を[増やす]{ふやす:increase:N3}ための[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[習慣]{しゅうかん:habit:N3}です。[午後]{ごご:afternoon:N5}は[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}[練習]{れんしゅう:practice:N2}や[雑用]{ざつよう:chores:N3}、[夕食]{ゆうしょく:dinner:N4}を[済ませて]{すませて:finishing:N3}[早めに]{はやめに:early:N4}[就寝]{しゅうしん:going to bed:N1}します。\n\n#en\nA rikishi's morning starts early, with morning practice beginning around 5 AM. They train intensely on an empty stomach, then after practice eat large amounts of chanko nabe as a late breakfast\u002Flunch combination. It is traditional to take a nap after eating, and this is an important habit for gaining weight. Afternoons are for individual practice and chores, and they finish dinner and go to bed early.\n::\n\n::heading\n[部屋]{へや:stable:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}\n\n#en\nThe Stable System\n::\n\n::para\n[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}は[必ず]{かならず:without exception:N3}どこかの[相撲]{すもう:sumo:N1}[部屋]{べや:stable:N3}に[所属]{しょぞく:belong:N1}し、そこで[共同]{きょうどう:communal:N3}[生活]{せいかつ:life:N3}を[送ります]{おくります:lead:N4}。[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}には[約]{やく:approximately:N3}40の[部屋]{へや:stable:N3}があり、[親方]{おやかた:stablemaster:N4}（[年寄]{としより:elder:N3}）が[師匠]{ししょう:master:N1}として[弟子]{でし:disciple:N4}たちを[指導]{しどう:teach:N2}します。[親方]{おやかた:stablemaster:N4}になるには[年寄株]{としよりかぶ:elder stock:N1}と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:called:N3}[名跡]{みょうせき:hereditary name:N2}を[継承]{けいしょう:inherit:N1}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があり、その[数]{かず:number:N3}は105[株]{かぶ:stock:N1}に[限られて]{かぎられて:limited:N3}います。[部屋]{へや:stable:N3}は[地縁]{ちえん:regional ties:N1}や[一門]{いちもん:lineage:N2}と[結びついて]{むすびついて:tied to:N1}おり、[出身]{しゅっしん:from:N4}[地方]{ちほう:region:N4}や[出羽海]{でわのうみ:Dewanoumi:N2}・[二所ノ関]{にしょのせき:Nishonoseki:N3}・[時津風]{ときつかぜ:Tokitsukaze:N1}などの[一門]{いちもん:group:N2}に[分かれます]{わかれます:divided into:N5}。\n\n#en\nEvery rikishi must belong to a sumo stable, where they live communally. The Sumo Association currently has about 40 stables, and stablemasters (toshiyori) instruct their disciples as masters. To become a stablemaster, one must inherit a hereditary \"elder stock,\" and only 105 such stocks exist. Stables are tied to regional and lineage groups, divided into ichimon factions like Dewanoumi, Nishonoseki, and Tokitsukaze.\n::\n\n::heading\n[神事]{しんじ:Shinto ritual:N3}としての[側面]{そくめん:aspect:N3}\n\n#en\nThe Shinto Ritual Aspect\n::\n\n::para\n[大相撲]{おおずもう:grand sumo:N1}は[単なる]{たんなる:mere:N3}スポーツではなく、[古来]{こらい:ancient times:N4}より[神事]{しんじ:Shinto ritual:N3}としての[性格]{せいかく:character:N3}を[持って]{もって:has:N4}います。[土俵]{どひょう:ring:N1}には[屋根]{やね:roof:N2}（[釣り屋根]{つりやね:hanging roof:N1}）が[据えられ]{すえられ:installed:N1}、[四方]{しほう:four directions:N4}には[四神]{しじん:four deities:N3}を[象徴]{しょうちょう:symbolize:N1}する[房]{ふさ:tassel:N1}が[下がって]{さがって:hangs down:N5}います。[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}が[取組]{とりくみ:bout:N3}[前]{まえ:before:N5}に[塩]{しお:salt:N2}を[撒く]{まく:scatter:N1}のは[土俵]{どひょう:ring:N1}を[清める]{きよめる:purify:N2}ためで、[四股]{しこ:shiko stomp:N1}は[大地]{だいち:earth:N4}の[邪気]{じゃき:evil spirits:N1}を[払う]{はらう:dispel:N3}[動作]{どうさ:movement:N4}と[言われ]{いわれ:said to be:N4}ます。[横綱]{よこづな:yokozuna:N1}が[締める]{しめる:wear:N1}[白い]{しろい:white:N5}[綱]{つな:rope:N1}は[注連縄]{しめなわ:sacred rope:N1}を[模した]{もした:modeled after:N1}もので、[神]{かみ:deity:N3}に[最も]{もっとも:most:N3}[近い]{ちかい:close:N4}[存在]{そんざい:existence:N3}とされて[きました]{きました:has been considered}。\n\n#en\nGrand sumo is not merely a sport but has long had the character of a Shinto ritual. A roof is installed over the ring, and tassels representing the four guardian deities hang from the four directions. Rikishi scatter salt before bouts to purify the ring, and the shiko stomp is said to drive away evil spirits from the earth. The white rope worn by yokozuna is modeled after the sacred shimenawa rope, and yokozuna have been regarded as the existence closest to the gods.\n::\n\n::heading\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign:N5}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}と[国際化]{こくさいか:internationalization:N3}\n\n#en\nForeign Rikishi and Internationalization\n::\n\n::para\n1990[年代]{ねんだい:decade:N4}[後半]{こうはん:late half:N5}から[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign:N5}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[活躍]{かつやく:success:N1}が[目立ち]{めだち:stands out:N4}、ハワイ[出身]{しゅっしん:from:N4}の[曙]{あけぼの:Akebono:N1}や[武蔵丸]{むさしまる:Musashimaru:N2}が[相次いで]{あいついで:successively:N3}[横綱]{よこづな:yokozuna:N1}に[昇進]{しょうしん:promoted to:N2}しました。2000[年代]{ねんだい:decade:N4}に[入る]{はいる:enter:N5}と[今度]{こんど:this time:N4}はモンゴル[勢]{ぜい:contingent:N2}の[時代]{じだい:era:N4}となり、[朝青龍]{あさしょうりゅう:Asashoryu:N1}、[白鵬]{はくほう:Hakuho:N1}、[日馬富士]{はるまふじ:Harumafuji:N1}、[鶴竜]{かくりゅう:Kakuryu:N1}と[歴代]{れきだい:successive:N2}[横綱]{よこづな:yokozuna:N1}が[ほぼ]{ほぼ:almost}モンゴル[出身]{しゅっしん:from:N4}で[占められ]{しめられ:dominated:N2}ました。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[白鵬]{はくほう:Hakuho:N1}は[歴代]{れきだい:all-time:N2}[最多]{さいた:most:N3}45[回]{かい:times:N3}の[幕内]{まくうち:top division:N1}[優勝]{ゆうしょう:championship:N3}を[達成]{たっせい:achieve:N3}し、[大相撲]{おおずもう:grand sumo:N1}[史上]{しじょう:history:N2}[最強]{さいきょう:strongest:N3}とも[評され]{ひょうされ:evaluated as:N1}ています。\n\n#en\nFrom the late 1990s, the success of foreign rikishi became prominent, with Akebono and Musashimaru from Hawaii being successively promoted to yokozuna. Entering the 2000s came the era of Mongolian wrestlers, with Asashoryu, Hakuho, Harumafuji, and Kakuryu — successive yokozuna almost entirely from Mongolia. Hakuho in particular achieved an all-time record of 45 makuuchi championships and is considered by some the greatest in sumo history.\n::\n\n::callout\n[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}は[各]{かく:each:N2}[部屋]{へや:stable:N3}が[抱える]{かかえる:hold:N3}[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign:N5}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}を1[人]{にん:person:N5}までに[制限]{せいげん:limit:N3}しており、[国技]{こくぎ:national sport:N2}としての[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese:N5}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[育成]{いくせい:development:N3}との[バランス]{バランス:balance}が[常に]{つねに:always:N3}[議論]{ぎろん:debate:N3}になっています。\n\n#en\nThe Association limits each stable to one foreign rikishi at most, and the balance between this and developing Japanese rikishi as the national sport is constantly debated.\n::\n\n::heading\n[暴力]{ぼうりょく:violence:N2}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}と[人気]{にんき:popularity:N5}[低迷]{ていめい:slump:N2}\n\n#en\nViolence Scandals and the Popularity Slump\n::\n\n::para\n2007[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[時津風]{ときつかぜ:Tokitsukaze:N1}[部屋]{べや:stable:N3}での[弟子]{でし:disciple:N4}[暴行]{ぼうこう:assault:N2}[死亡]{しぼう:death:N3}[事件]{じけん:incident:N3}、2010[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[野球賭博]{やきゅうとばく:baseball gambling:N1}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}、2011[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[八百長]{やおちょう:match-fixing:N5}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}、そして2017[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[日馬富士]{はるまふじ:Harumafuji:N1}による[暴行]{ぼうこう:assault:N2}[事件]{じけん:incident:N3}など、[相次ぐ]{あいつぐ:successive:N3}[不祥事]{ふしょうじ:scandals:N1}が[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}の[信頼]{しんらい:trust:N3}を[揺るがし]{ゆるがし:shook:N1}ました。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[八百長]{やおちょう:match-fixing:N5}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}では[本場所]{ほんばしょ:main tournament:N3}が[戦後]{せんご:postwar:N3}[初]{はつ:first time:N3}[中止]{ちゅうし:cancelled:N4}され、[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}[多数]{たすう:many:N3}が[引退]{いんたい:retire:N3}に[追い込まれ]{おいこまれ:driven to:N3}る[事態]{じたい:situation:N1}となりました。\n\n#en\nA series of scandals shook the Association's credibility: the 2007 disciple hazing death at Tokitsukaze stable, the 2010 baseball gambling scandal, the 2011 match-fixing scandal, and the 2017 assault incident by Harumafuji. The match-fixing scandal in particular forced the first cancellation of a honbasho since the war, and many rikishi were driven into retirement.\n::\n\n::heading\n[人気]{にんき:popularity:N5}[復活]{ふっかつ:revival:N2}と[新世代]{しんせだい:new generation:N4}\n\n#en\nPopularity Revival and the New Generation\n::\n\n::para\n[低迷]{ていめい:slump:N2}した[人気]{にんき:popularity:N5}は2010[年代]{ねんだい:decade:N4}[後半]{こうはん:second half:N5}から[徐々に]{じょじょに:gradually:N1}[回復]{かいふく:recover:N2}しました。[稀勢の里]{きせのさと:Kisenosato:N1}が2017[年]{ねん:year:N5}に[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese:N5}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}として19[年]{ねん:year:N5}ぶりに[横綱]{よこづな:yokozuna:N1}に[昇進]{しょうしん:promoted:N2}し、[国技館]{こくぎかん:Kokugikan:N2}は[連日]{れんじつ:every day:N3}[満員]{まんいん:sold out:N3}[御礼]{おんれい:thanks:N3}が[続きました]{つづきました:continued:N3}。[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}は[大の里]{おおのさと:Onosato:N2}、[豊昇龍]{ほうしょうりゅう:Hoshoryu:N1}など[若手]{わかて:young:N3}[力士]{りきし:rikishi:N1}の[台頭]{たいとう:rise:N3}が[続き]{つづき:continues:N3}、[女性]{じょせい:women:N3}ファン（[相撲女子]{すもうじょし:sumo joshi:N1}）の[増加]{ぞうか:increase:N3}や[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}での[巡業]{じゅんぎょう:tour:N1}[人気]{にんき:popularity:N5}も[相まって]{あいまって:combined with:N3}、[次]{つぎ:next:N3}の[時代]{じだい:era:N4}を[模索]{もさく:search for:N1}しています。\n\n#en\nThe slumping popularity gradually recovered from the second half of the 2010s. When Kisenosato was promoted to yokozuna in 2017 — the first Japanese yokozuna in 19 years — the Kokugikan sold out day after day. Currently, with the rise of young rikishi like Onosato and Hoshoryu, combined with the growing female fanbase (\"sumo joshi\") and overseas tour popularity, sumo is searching for its next era.\n::\n",{"id":78,"title":81,"titleEn":82,"topicPath":10,"questions":83},"スポーツ・行事文化確認テスト","Sports and Events Culture Check Test",[84,111,134,159,182,207,230,255],{"id":85,"articleId":6,"question":86,"options":89,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":106,"tags":109},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q01",{"en":87,"jp":88},"How many honbasho (grand tournaments) are held per year in ozumo?","[大相撲]{おおずもう}の[本場所]{ほんばしょ}は[年]{ねん}に[何回]{なんかい}[開催]{かいさい}される？",[90,94,98,102],{"label":91,"jp":92,"en":93},"ア","[年]{ねん}3[場所]{ばしょ}","3 tournaments\u002Fyear",{"label":95,"jp":96,"en":97},"イ","[年]{ねん}4[場所]{ばしょ}","4 tournaments\u002Fyear",{"label":99,"jp":100,"en":101},"ウ","[年]{ねん}6[場所]{ばしょ}","6 tournaments\u002Fyear",{"label":103,"jp":104,"en":105},"エ","[年]{ねん}12[場所]{ばしょ}","12 tournaments\u002Fyear",{"en":107,"jp":108},"Ozumo holds 6 honbasho per year: January (Hatsu, Tokyo), March (Haru, Osaka), May (Natsu, Tokyo), July (Nagoya), September (Aki, Tokyo), and November (Kyushu, Fukuoka).","[大相撲]{おおずもう}の[本場所]{ほんばしょ}は[1月]{いちがつ}（[初場所]{はつばしょ}・[東京]{とうきょう}）・[3月]{さんがつ}（[春場所]{はるばしょ}・[大阪]{おおさか}）・[5月]{ごがつ}（[夏場所]{なつばしょ}・[東京]{とうきょう}）・[7月]{しちがつ}（[名古屋場所]{なごやばしょ}）・[9月]{くがつ}（[秋場所]{あきばしょ}・[東京]{とうきょう}）・[11月]{じゅういちがつ}（[九州場所]{きゅうしゅうばしょ}・[福岡]{ふくおか}）の[年]{ねん}6[場所]{ばしょ}とされます。",[7,110],"schedule",{"id":112,"articleId":6,"question":113,"options":116,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":129,"tags":132},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q02",{"en":114,"jp":115},"What is the highest rank in ozumo?","[大相撲]{おおずもう}の[最高位]{さいこうい}は？",[117,120,123,126],{"label":91,"jp":118,"en":119},"[大関]{おおぜき}","ozeki",{"label":95,"jp":121,"en":122},"[関脇]{せきわけ}","sekiwake",{"label":99,"jp":124,"en":125},"[横綱]{よこづな}","yokozuna",{"label":103,"jp":127,"en":128},"[小結]{こむすび}","komusubi",{"en":130,"jp":131},"From the top, ozumo's makuuchi rankings are yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi, and maegashira — yokozuna being the highest.","[大相撲]{おおずもう}の[番付]{ばんづけ}は[上]{うえ}から[横綱]{よこづな}・[大関]{おおぜき}・[関脇]{せきわけ}・[小結]{こむすび}・[前頭]{まえがしら}の[幕内]{まくうち}の[順]{じゅん}とされ、[横綱]{よこづな}が[最高位]{さいこうい}とされます。",[7,133],"ranks",{"id":135,"articleId":136,"question":137,"options":140,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":153,"tags":156},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q03","culture-pro-baseball",{"en":138,"jp":139},"How many teams are in NPB (Nippon Professional Baseball)?","[NPB]{えぬぴーびー}（[日本野球機構]{にほんやきゅうきこう}）の[球団数]{きゅうだんすう}は？",[141,144,147,150],{"label":91,"jp":142,"en":143},"[6球団]{ろくきゅうだん}","6 teams",{"label":95,"jp":145,"en":146},"[10球団]{じゅっきゅうだん}","10 teams",{"label":99,"jp":148,"en":149},"[12球団]{じゅうにきゅうだん}","12 teams",{"label":103,"jp":151,"en":152},"[20球団]{にじゅっきゅうだん}","20 teams",{"en":154,"jp":155},"NPB consists of 6 Central League + 6 Pacific League teams — 12 in total.","[NPB]{えぬぴーびー}は[セ・リーグ]{せりーぐ}6[球団]{きゅうだん}＋[パ・リーグ]{ぱりーぐ}6[球団]{きゅうだん}の[計]{けい}12[球団]{きゅうだん}で[構成]{こうせい}されているとされます。",[157,158],"baseball","npb",{"id":160,"articleId":136,"question":161,"options":164,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":177,"tags":180},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q04",{"en":162,"jp":163},"What is the postseason in NPB called, where teams compete for Japan Series participation?","[NPB]{えぬぴーびー}で[日本シリーズ]{にほんしりーず}[出場権]{しゅつじょうけん}を[争]{あらそ}う[ポストシーズン]{ぽすとしーずん}を[何]{なん}という？",[165,168,171,174],{"label":91,"jp":166,"en":167},"[クライマックスシリーズ]{くらいまっくすしりーず}","Climax Series",{"label":95,"jp":169,"en":170},"[プレーオフ]{ぷれーおふ}","Playoffs",{"label":99,"jp":172,"en":173},"[ファイナルステージ]{ふぁいなるすてーじ}","Final Stage",{"label":103,"jp":175,"en":176},"[ワイルドカード戦]{わいるどかーどせん}","Wild Card series",{"en":178,"jp":179},"NPB introduced the 'Climax Series' from 2007; the top three teams from each league participate, and the winners advance to the Japan Series.","[NPB]{えぬぴーびー}は[2007年]{にせんななねん}から[「クライマックスシリーズ]{くらいまっくすしりーず}[」]{}を[導入]{どうにゅう}し、[両リーグ]{りょうりーぐ}の[上位]{じょうい}3[チーム]{ちーむ}が[出場]{しゅつじょう}し[勝者]{しょうしゃ}が[日本シリーズ]{にほんしりーず}に[進出]{しんしゅつ}するとされます。",[157,181],"climax-series",{"id":183,"articleId":184,"question":185,"options":188,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":201,"tags":204},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q05","culture-j-league",{"en":186,"jp":187},"What is the J.League principle of 'community-rooted (chiiki micchaku)'?","[Jリーグ]{じぇいりーぐ}が[掲]{かか}げる[「地域密着]{ちいきみっちゃく}[」]{}の[理念]{りねん}とは？",[189,192,195,198],{"label":91,"jp":190,"en":191},"[各クラブ]{かくくらぶ}が[ホームタウン]{ほーむたうん}と[強]{つよ}い[関係]{かんけい}を[築]{きず}く","each club builds strong ties with its hometown",{"label":95,"jp":193,"en":194},"[全クラブ]{ぜんくらぶ}が[東京]{とうきょう}に[本拠地]{ほんきょち}を[置]{お}く","all clubs base in Tokyo",{"label":99,"jp":196,"en":197},"[国外]{こくがい}に[展開]{てんかい}する","expand abroad",{"label":103,"jp":199,"en":200},"[地方クラブ]{ちほうくらぶ}を[排除]{はいじょ}する","exclude regional clubs",{"en":202,"jp":203},"J.League has set 'community-rooted' as its principle since its 1993 founding, emphasizing that each club has a hometown and operates in unison with the local community.","[Jリーグ]{じぇいりーぐ}は[1993年]{せんきゅうひゃくきゅうじゅうさんねん}の[創設時]{そうせつじ}から[「地域密着]{ちいきみっちゃく}[」]{}を[理念]{りねん}に[掲]{かか}げ、[各クラブ]{かくくらぶ}が[ホームタウン]{ほーむたうん}を[持]{も}ち[地元]{じもと}と[一体]{いったい}となって[活動]{かつどう}することを[重視]{じゅうし}しているとされます。",[205,206],"j-league","philosophy",{"id":208,"articleId":184,"question":209,"options":212,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":225,"tags":228},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q06",{"en":210,"jp":211},"What is the division structure of J.League?","[Jリーグ]{じぇいりーぐ}の[ディビジョン]{でぃびじょん}[構成]{こうせい}は？",[213,216,219,222],{"label":91,"jp":214,"en":215},"J1のみ","J1 only",{"label":95,"jp":217,"en":218},"J1・J2の[2部制]{にぶせい}","two divisions: J1 and J2",{"label":99,"jp":220,"en":221},"J1・J2・J3の[3部制]{さんぶせい}","three divisions: J1, J2, J3",{"label":103,"jp":223,"en":224},"J1〜J5の[5部制]{ごぶせい}","five divisions: J1–J5",{"en":226,"jp":227},"J.League currently operates with three divisions: J1, J2, and J3. J3 started in 2014.","[Jリーグ]{じぇいりーぐ}は[現在]{げんざい}J1（[1部]{いちぶ}）・J2（[2部]{にぶ}）・J3（[3部]{さんぶ}）の[3部制]{さんぶせい}で[運営]{うんえい}されているとされます。J3は[2014年]{にせんじゅうよねん}から[開始]{かいし}されました。",[205,229],"divisions",{"id":231,"articleId":232,"question":233,"options":236,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":249,"tags":252},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q07","culture-matsuri",{"en":234,"jp":235},"What is generally cited as one of Japan's 'three great festivals'?","[「日本三大祭]{にほんさんだいまつり}[」]{}に[一般的]{いっぱんてき}に[挙]{あ}げられるものは？",[237,240,243,246],{"label":91,"jp":238,"en":239},"[祇園祭]{ぎおんまつり}（[京都]{きょうと}）・[天神祭]{てんじんまつり}（[大阪]{おおさか}）・[神田祭]{かんだまつり}（[東京]{とうきょう}）","Gion (Kyoto), Tenjin (Osaka), Kanda (Tokyo)",{"label":95,"jp":241,"en":242},"[札幌雪]{さっぽろゆき}まつり・[博多]{はかた}どんたく・[阿波踊]{あわおど}り","Sapporo Snow Festival \u002F Hakata Dontaku \u002F Awa Odori",{"label":99,"jp":244,"en":245},"[七夕]{たなばた}・[節分]{せつぶん}・[ひな祭]{まつ}り","Tanabata \u002F Setsubun \u002F Hinamatsuri",{"label":103,"jp":247,"en":248},"[花見]{はなみ}・[紅葉狩]{もみじが}り・[月見]{つきみ}","Hanami \u002F Momijigari \u002F Tsukimi",{"en":250,"jp":251},"Japan's 'three great festivals' are generally cited as Gion (Kyoto, July), Tenjin (Osaka, July), and Kanda (Tokyo, May, biennial), though there are various accounts.","[「日本三大祭]{にほんさんだいまつり}[」]{}は[一般的]{いっぱんてき}に[祇園祭]{ぎおんまつり}（[京都]{きょうと}・[7月]{しちがつ}）・[天神祭]{てんじんまつり}（[大阪]{おおさか}・[7月]{しちがつ}）・[神田祭]{かんだまつり}（[東京]{とうきょう}・[5月]{ごがつ}[隔年]{かくねん}）が[挙]{あ}げられるとされますが、[諸説]{しょせつ}あります。",[253,254],"matsuri","three-great",{"id":256,"articleId":257,"question":258,"options":261,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":274,"tags":277},"culture-sports-events-quiz-q08","culture-seasonal-events",{"en":259,"jp":260},"What is the date of 'setsubun'?","[「節分]{せつぶん}[」]{}が[行]{おこな}われる[日付]{ひづけ}は？",[262,265,268,271],{"label":91,"jp":263,"en":264},"[1月]{いちがつ}1[日]{にち}","January 1",{"label":95,"jp":266,"en":267},"[2月]{にがつ}3[日]{にち}[頃]{ごろ}","around February 3",{"label":99,"jp":269,"en":270},"[5月]{ごがつ}5[日]{にち}","May 5",{"label":103,"jp":272,"en":273},"[12月]{じゅうにがつ}31[日]{にち}","December 31",{"en":275,"jp":276},"Setsubun is the day before risshun (generally around February 3), where bean-throwing is done with 'oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi.' Shichi-go-san is November 15, and Hinamatsuri is March 3.","[節分]{せつぶん}は[立春]{りっしゅん}の[前日]{ぜんじつ}（[一般]{いっぱん}に[2月]{にがつ}3[日]{にち}[頃]{ごろ}）に[行]{おこな}われ、[「鬼]{おに}は[外]{そと}・[福]{ふく}は[内]{うち}[」]{}と[豆]{まめ}を[まく]{:scatter}[行事]{ぎょうじ}とされます。[七五三]{しちごさん}は[11月]{じゅういちがつ}15[日]{にち}、[ひな祭]{まつ}りは[3月]{さんがつ}3[日]{にち}とされます。",[278,279],"seasonal-events","setsubun"]