[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:it-passport":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":79,"quiz":80},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":78},"article","exam-it-passport","it-passport","ITパスポート試験 — 概要と学習法","IT Passport Exam — Overview and Study Strategy","exams","Comprehensive overview of the IT Passport exam (iパス) — Japan's entry-level national IT certification administered by METI\u002FIPA. Covers the three exam domains (Strategy, Management, Technology), CBT format, scoring requirements (600\u002F1000 overall plus 300+ in each domain), and a practical study path with recommended past-question resources.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fexam-it-passport.png",[15,20,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,74],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"試験","しけん","exam","N3",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":24},"国家資格","こっかしかく","national qualification","N2",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":24},"経営戦略","けいえいせんりゃく","management strategy",{"word":30,"reading":31,"meaning":32,"level":24},"法務","ほうむ","legal affairs",{"word":34,"reading":35,"meaning":36,"level":24},"会計","かいけい","accounting",{"word":38,"reading":39,"meaning":40,"level":24},"開発","かいはつ","development",{"word":42,"reading":43,"meaning":44,"level":24},"運用","うんよう","operation",{"word":46,"reading":47,"meaning":48,"level":24},"基礎理論","きそりろん","fundamental theory",{"word":50,"reading":51,"meaning":52,"level":24},"出題範囲","しゅつだいはんい","scope of questions",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":24},"合格点","ごうかくてん","passing score",{"word":58,"reading":59,"meaning":60,"level":24},"分野","ぶんや","field",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":24},"過去問","かこもん","past exam questions",{"word":66,"reading":67,"meaning":68,"level":19},"受験","じゅけん","taking an exam",{"word":70,"reading":71,"meaning":72,"level":73},"通年","つうねん","year-round","N1",{"word":75,"reading":76,"meaning":77,"level":24},"入門","にゅうもん","introduction","exam-it-passport-quiz","\n::heading\nITパスポート[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}とは\n\n#en\nWhat is the IT Passport Exam?\n::\n\n::para\nITパスポート[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}（[略称]{りゃくしょう:abbreviation:N1}「iパス」）は、[経済産業省]{けいざいさんぎょうしょう:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry:N2}が[認定]{にんてい:certify:N3}し、[独立行政法人]{どくりつぎょうせいほうじん:incorporated administrative agency:N1}[情報処理推進機構]{じょうほうしょりすいしんきこう:Information-technology Promotion Agency:N1}（IPA）が[実施]{じっし:administer:N1}する[国家資格]{こっかしかく:national qualification:N3}である。「[情報処理]{じょうほうしょり:information processing:N3}の[促進]{そくしん:promotion:N1}に[関する]{かんする:concerning:N3}[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}」に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[情報処理技術者試験]{じょうほうしょりぎじゅつしゃしけん:Information Processing Engineer Examination:N2}の[一区分]{いちくぶん:one category:N2}であり、ITを[利活用]{りかつよう:utilize:N3}する[全て]{すべて:all:N3}の[社会人]{しゃかいじん:working adults:N4}・[学生]{がくせい:students:N5}を[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}にした[入門]{にゅうもん:entry-level:N2}レベルの[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}と[位置]{いち:position:N3}づけられている。\n\n#en\nThe IT Passport Exam (abbreviated \"iPass\") is a national qualification certified by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and administered by the Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA). It is one category of the Information Processing Engineer Examinations under the Act on the Promotion of Information Processing, positioned as an entry-level exam targeting all working adults and students who utilize IT.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}のポイント：iパスは「ITを[使う]{つかう:to use:N4}[全て]{すべて:all:N3}の[人]{ひと:people:N5}」が[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}である。エンジニア[専用]{せんよう:exclusive:N2}ではなく、[営業]{えいぎょう:sales:N2}・[人事]{じんじ:HR:N4}・[経営]{けいえい:management:N2}などすべての[職種]{しょくしゅ:occupation:N3}にとっての[共通]{きょうつう:common:N3}リテラシーを[測る]{はかる:to measure:N2}[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}である。\n\n#en\nExam Tip: iPass targets \"everyone who uses IT.\" It is not just for engineers — it measures common literacy for all roles including sales, HR, and management.\n::\n\n::heading\n[出題範囲]{しゅつだいはんい:scope of questions:N1}：3つの[分野]{ぶんや:domains:N4}\n\n#en\nScope: The Three Domains\n::\n\n::para\nITパスポートの[出題範囲]{しゅつだいはんい:scope of questions:N1}は[大]{おお:major:N5}きく3つの[分野]{ぶんや:domains:N4}に[分かれる]{わかれる:divided:N5}。[第]{だい:number:N1}1にストラテジ[系]{けい:domain:N1}（[約]{やく:approximately:N3}35[問]{もん:questions:N4}）であり、[企業]{きぎょう:enterprise:N1}と[法務]{ほうむ:legal affairs:N3}（[企業活動]{きぎょうかつどう:business activities:N1}・[経営組織]{けいえいそしき:management organization:N1}・[業務分析]{ぎょうむぶんせき:business analysis:N1}・[会計]{かいけい:accounting:N4}・[知的財産権]{ちてきざいさんけん:intellectual property rights:N3}・[労働関連法規]{ろうどうかんれんほうき:labor-related laws:N3}）、[経営戦略]{けいえいせんりゃく:management strategy:N2}（マーケティング・[経営戦略手法]{けいえいせんりゃくしゅほう:management strategy methods:N2}）、システム[戦略]{せんりゃく:strategy:N2}（[業務プロセス]{ぎょうむぷろせす:business processes:N3}・ソリューションビジネス）の[領域]{りょういき:area:N2}を[含む]{ふくむ:includes:N2}。[第]{だい:number:N1}2にマネジメント[系]{けい:domain:N1}（[約]{やく:approximately:N3}20[問]{もん:questions:N4}）であり、[開発]{かいはつ:development:N4}[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technology:N2}（システム[開発]{かいはつ:development:N4}[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technology:N2}・ソフトウェア[開発]{かいはつ:development:N4}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technology:N2}）、プロジェクト[管理]{かんり:management:N2}（PMBOK）、サービスマネジメント（ITIL・サービスサポート・[運用]{うんよう:operation:N4}）を[含む]{ふくむ:includes:N2}。[第]{だい:number:N1}3にテクノロジ[系]{けい:domain:N1}（[約]{やく:approximately:N3}45[問]{もん:questions:N4}）であり、[基礎理論]{きそりろん:fundamental theory:N1}（[離散数学]{りさんすうがく:discrete mathematics:N1}・[応用数学]{おうようすうがく:applied mathematics:N1}・[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}に[関する]{かんする:related to:N3}[理論]{りろん:theory:N3}）、コンピュータシステム（[ハードウェア]{はーどうぇあ:hardware}・[ソフトウェア]{そふとうぇあ:software}・[システム構成]{しすてむこうせい:system configuration:N3}）、[技術要素]{ぎじゅつようそ:technology elements:N1}（[ヒューマンインタフェース]{ひゅーまんいんたふぇーす:human interface}・データベース・ネットワーク・[情報セキュリティ]{じょうほうせきゅりてぃ:information security:N3}）を[含む]{ふくむ:includes:N2}。\n\n#en\nThe IT Passport scope is divided into three major domains. First, the Strategy domain (about 35 questions) covers Enterprise and Legal Affairs (business activities, management organization, business analysis, accounting, intellectual property rights, labor-related laws), Management Strategy (marketing, management strategy methods), and System Strategy (business processes, solution business). Second, the Management domain (about 20 questions) covers Development Technology (system development technology, software development management technology), Project Management (PMBOK), and Service Management (ITIL, service support, operations). Third, the Technology domain (about 45 questions) covers Fundamental Theory (discrete mathematics, applied mathematics, information theory), Computer Systems (hardware, software, system configuration), and Technology Elements (human interface, database, network, information security).\n::\n\n::heading\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[形式]{けいしき:format:N3}と[合格基準]{ごうかくきじゅん:passing criteria:N1}\n\n#en\nExam Format and Passing Criteria\n::\n\n::para\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}は[全国]{ぜんこく:nationwide:N3}のテストセンターで[実施]{じっし:administer:N1}されるCBT（Computer Based Testing）[方式]{ほうしき:method:N3}で、[通年]{つうねん:year-round:N4}[受験]{じゅけん:taking:N3}が[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}である。[出題数]{しゅつだいすう:number of questions:N3}は[全]{ぜん:total:N3}100[問]{もん:questions:N4}、[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[時間]{じかん:time:N5}は120[分]{ふん:minutes:N5}、[四肢]{しし:four-choice:N1}[択一式]{たくいつしき:multiple choice:N1}である（[一部]{いちぶ:partly:N3}[多肢]{たし:multi-choice:N1}[選択]{せんたく:selection:N1}も[出題]{しゅつだい:appears:N4}されることがある）。100[問]{もん:questions:N4}のうち92[問]{もん:questions:N4}が[評価]{ひょうか:scored:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}となり、[残り]{のこり:remaining:N3}8[問]{もん:questions:N4}は[今後]{こんご:future:N5}の[出題]{しゅつだい:examination:N4}のための[評価]{ひょうか:evaluation:N1}[用]{よう:purpose:N4}（IRT[方式]{ほうしき:method:N3}）であり[採点]{さいてん:scoring:N2}には[含まれない]{ふくまれない:not included:N2}。[受験料]{じゅけんりょう:exam fee:N3}は[税込]{ぜいこみ:tax included:N2}7,500[円]{えん:yen:N5}（2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改定]{かいてい:revised:N2}[後]{ご:after:N5}）である。\n\n#en\nThe exam is administered as CBT (Computer Based Testing) at test centers nationwide and is available year-round. There are 100 questions total, the exam time is 120 minutes, and questions are four-choice multiple choice (some multi-select questions may also appear). Of the 100 questions, 92 are scored, and the remaining 8 are evaluation questions for future exams (IRT method) and not included in scoring. The fee is 7,500 yen including tax (after the 2024 revision).\n::\n\n::callout\n[合格基準]{ごうかくきじゅん:passing criteria:N1}：[総合]{そうごう:overall:N2}[評価]{ひょうか:score:N1}600[点]{てん:points:N3}\u002F1000[点]{てん:points:N3}[以上]{いじょう::N4}、かつ3[分野]{ぶんや:domains:N4}それぞれで[評価]{ひょうか:score:N1}300[点]{てん:points:N3}\u002F1000[点]{てん:points:N3}[以上]{いじょう::N4}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}である。1[分野]{ぶんや:domain:N4}でも300[点]{てん:points:N3}を[下回る]{したまわる:fall below:N3}と[他]{た:other:N3}が[満点]{まんてん:full marks:N3}でも[不合格]{ふごうかく:fail:N3}となるため、[苦手]{にがて:weak:N3}[分野]{ぶんや:domain:N4}を[作らない]{つくらない:not to create:N4}ことが[肝心]{かんじん:essential:N1}である。\n\n#en\nPassing Criteria: An overall score of 600\u002F1000 or higher AND a score of 300\u002F1000 or higher in each of the three domains is required. Even one domain below 300 points results in failure regardless of the others, so it is essential not to leave any weak domain.\n::\n\n::heading\n[学習法]{がくしゅうほう:study method:N3}と[推奨]{すいしょう:recommended:N1}リソース\n\n#en\nStudy Methods and Recommended Resources\n::\n\n::para\n[効果的]{こうかてき:effective:N2}な[学習]{がくしゅう:study:N4}[手順]{てじゅん:procedure:N2}は[次]{つぎ:next:N3}の[通り]{とおり:as follows:N4}である。[第]{だい:number:N1}1に、[公式]{こうしき:official:N3}シラバス（IPA[公開]{こうかい:published:N4}）を[一読]{いちどく:read through:N5}し、[出題範囲]{しゅつだいはんい:scope of questions:N1}の[全体像]{ぜんたいぞう:overall picture:N2}を[把握]{はあく:grasp:N1}する。[現行]{げんこう:current:N3}シラバスは[生成]{せいせい:generative:N3}AI[関連]{かんれん:related:N3}の[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}（プロンプトエンジニアリング、ハルシネーション、[著作権]{ちょさくけん:copyright:N2}との[関係]{かんけい:relationship:N3}など）が[追加]{ついか:added:N3}された[最新版]{さいしんばん:latest version:N2}（Ver 6.3）である。[第]{だい:number:N1}2に、[市販]{しはん:commercially available:N2}の[総合]{そうごう:comprehensive:N2}テキスト（[例]{れい:example:N3}：「キタミ[式]{しき:style:N3}」「いちばんやさしい」シリーズ）で[基礎]{きそ:basics:N1}を[一周]{ひとまわり:one round:N2}する。[第]{だい:number:N1}3に、[過去問]{かこもん:past questions:N3}[演習]{えんしゅう:practice:N3}を[徹底]{てってい:thoroughly:N1}する。[公式]{こうしき:official:N3}に[公開]{こうかい:published:N4}されている[過去問]{かこもん:past questions:N3}は2009[年]{ねん:year:N5}[春期]{しゅんき:spring session:N3}から[現在]{げんざい:present:N3}まで[全て]{すべて:all:N3}IPAのサイトで[入手]{にゅうしゅ:obtainable:N4}できる。[無料]{むりょう:free:N4}の[過去問]{かこもん:past questions:N3}サイトとして「ITパスポート[過去問]{かこもん:past questions:N3}[道場]{どうじょう:dojo:N4}」が[圧倒的]{あっとうてき:overwhelmingly:N2}に[人気]{にんき:popular:N5}で、[分野別]{ぶんやべつ:by domain:N4}・[年度別]{ねんどべつ:by year:N4}に[演習]{えんしゅう:practice:N3}できる。\n\n#en\nEffective study procedure is as follows. First, read through the official syllabus (published by IPA) to grasp the overall scope. The current syllabus is the latest version (Ver 6.3) with added generative-AI-related items (prompt engineering, hallucination, relationship with copyright, etc.). Second, do one pass through a commercial comprehensive textbook (e.g., \"Kitami-shiki\" or \"Ichiban Yasashii\" series) to cover the basics. Third, drill past questions thoroughly. All officially published past questions from Spring 2009 to the present are available on the IPA site. The free site \"IT Passport Past Question Dojo\" is overwhelmingly popular and lets you practice by domain or by year.\n::\n\n::para\n[最低限]{さいていげん:at minimum:N2}[直近]{ちょっきん:most recent:N3}5[年分]{ねんぶん:years' worth:N5}の[過去問]{かこもん:past questions:N3}を[解き]{とき:solve:N3}、[正答率]{せいとうりつ:correct answer rate:N1}80%[以上]{いじょう::N4}を[安定]{あんてい:stable:N3}して[出せる]{だせる:able to produce:N5}ようになれば[本番]{ほんばん:real exam:N3}でも[十分]{じゅうぶん:sufficient:N5}に[合格]{ごうかく:pass:N3}できる。CBT[方式]{ほうしき:method:N3}のため[紙]{かみ:paper:N4}の[模試]{もし:mock exam:N1}よりも[画面]{がめん:screen:N3}での[演習]{えんしゅう:practice:N3}に[慣れる]{なれる:get used to:N3}ことが[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}である。[時間]{じかん:time:N5}[配分]{はいぶん:allocation:N3}は1[問]{もん:question:N4}あたり[約]{やく:about:N3}1[分]{ふん:minute:N5}、[残り]{のこり:remaining:N3}20[分]{ふん:minutes:N5}を[見直し]{みなおし:review:N3}に[充てる]{あてる:allocate:N1}のが[標準的]{ひょうじゅんてき:standard:N1}である。\n\n#en\nAt minimum, solve five years of past questions; once you can stably achieve 80%+ correct rate, you have sufficient strength to pass the real exam. Because it is CBT, getting used to on-screen practice is more important than paper mock exams. Standard time allocation is about 1 minute per question, leaving the remaining 20 minutes for review.\n::\n\n::callout\n[学習]{がくしゅう:study:N4}のコツ：テクノロジ[系]{けい:domain:N1}は[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}が[広い]{ひろい:wide:N4}が[配点]{はいてん:point allocation:N3}も[最大]{さいだい:largest:N3}（[約]{やく:approximately:N3}45[問]{もん:questions:N4}）。[計算]{けいさん:calculation:N2}[問題]{もんだい:problems:N4}（2[進数]{しんすう:base:N3}・[論理演算]{ろんりえんざん:logical operations:N2}・[稼働率]{かどうりつ:availability rate:N1}・[期待値]{きたいち:expected value:N3}）は[必ず]{かならず:certainly:N3}[出題]{しゅつだい:appears:N4}されるため、[公式]{こうしき:formulas:N3}を[暗記]{あんき:memorize:N3}するより[手]{て:hand:N4}を[動かして]{うごかして:move:N4}[計算]{けいさん:calculate:N2}する[練習]{れんしゅう:practice:N2}を[繰り返す]{くりかえす:repeat:N1}こと。\n\n#en\nStudy Tip: The Technology domain has wide scope but also the largest point allocation (about 45 questions). Calculation problems (binary, logical operations, availability rate, expected value) always appear, so rather than memorizing formulas, repeatedly practice doing the calculations by hand.\n::\n\n::heading\n[次]{つぎ:next:N3}のステップ：FE・APへの[橋渡し]{はしわたし:bridge:N2}\n\n#en\nNext Steps: Bridge to FE and AP\n::\n\n::para\nITパスポートに[合格]{ごうかく:pass:N3}した[後]{あと:after:N5}は、より[技術的]{ぎじゅつてき:technical:N2}な[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}を[含む]{ふくむ:includes:N2}[基本情報技術者試験]{きほんじょうほうぎじゅつしゃしけん:Fundamental Information Technology Engineer Exam:N1}（FE）に[挑戦]{ちょうせん:challenge:N1}するのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:general:N2}な[キャリアパス]{きゃりあぱす:career path}である。FEはアルゴリズムや[擬似言語]{ぎじげんご:pseudo-code:N1}、[情報セキュリティ]{じょうほうせきゅりてぃ:information security:N3}に[関する]{かんする:related to:N3}[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}レベルの[出題]{しゅつだい:questions:N4}が[あり]{ari:there are}、[エンジニア]{えんじにあ:engineer}としての[基礎力]{きそりょく:foundational ability:N1}を[証明]{しょうめい:prove:N1}できる。[ビジネス職]{びじねすしょく:business roles:N3}・[マネジメント職]{まねじめんとしょく:management roles:N3}の[人]{ひと:people:N5}は[情報セキュリティマネジメント試験]{じょうほうせきゅりてぃまねじめんとしけん:Information Security Management Exam:N3}（SG）に[進む]{すすむ:proceed:N3}のが[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}である。\n\n#en\nAfter passing the IT Passport, the typical career path is to challenge the more technical Fundamental Information Technology Engineer Exam (FE). FE includes practical-level questions on algorithms, pseudo-code, and information security, proving foundational engineering ability. Those in business or management roles should appropriately proceed to the Information Security Management Exam (SG).\n::\n\n::para\nITパスポートは「IT[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry:N4}に[就職]{しゅうしょく:get a job:N1}するため」だけの[資格]{しかく:qualification:N3}ではなく、[全]{ぜん:all:N3}[産業]{さんぎょう:industries:N3}でDX（デジタルトランスフォーメーション）が[進む]{すすむ:advance:N3}[現在]{げんざい:present:N3}、[新入]{しんにゅう:newly entering:N4}[社員]{しゃいん:employees:N4}や[管理職]{かんりしょく:management:N2}の[共通]{きょうつう:common:N3}リテラシーとして[企業]{きぎょう:enterprise:N1}が[取得]{しゅとく:acquire:N3}を[推奨]{すいしょう:recommend:N1}するケースも[多い]{おおい:many:N4}。[受験者数]{じゅけんしゃすう:number of examinees:N3}は[年間]{ねんかん:annually:N5}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}26[万人]{まんにん:ten thousand people:N5}（2023[年度]{ねんど:fiscal year:N4}）と[国家]{こっか:national:N4}[資格]{しかく:qualification:N3}としては[最大規模]{さいだいきぼ:largest scale:N1}である。\n\n#en\nThe IT Passport is not just a qualification \"for getting a job in the IT industry.\" With DX (digital transformation) advancing across all industries today, many companies recommend it as common literacy for new hires and managers. The number of examinees reaches about 260,000 per year (FY 2023), making it the largest-scale national qualification.\n::\n",{"id":78,"title":81,"titleEn":82,"topicPath":10,"questions":83},"ITパスポート試験 — サンプル問題","IT Passport Exam — Sample Questions",[84,111,130,150,169,191],{"id":85,"articleId":6,"question":86,"options":89,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":106,"tags":109},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q01",{"en":87,"jp":88},"Which strategic analysis method organizes internal\u002Fexternal environments from the four perspectives of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats?","[企業]{きぎょう:enterprise}の[経営戦略]{けいえいせんりゃく:management strategy}を[分析]{ぶんせき:analyze}する[手法]{しゅほう:method}のうち、[強み]{つよみ:strengths}・[弱み]{よわみ:weaknesses}・[機会]{きかい:opportunities}・[脅威]{きょうい:threats}の4つの[視点]{してん:perspectives}から[内部]{ないぶ:internal}・[外部]{がいぶ:external}[環境]{かんきょう:environment}を[整理]{せいり:organize}する[手法]{しゅほう:method}はどれか。",[90,94,98,102],{"label":91,"jp":92,"en":93},"ア","PPM[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}","PPM analysis",{"label":95,"jp":96,"en":97},"イ","SWOT[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}","SWOT analysis",{"label":99,"jp":100,"en":101},"ウ","3C[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}","3C analysis",{"label":103,"jp":104,"en":105},"エ","バリューチェーン[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}","Value chain analysis",{"en":107,"jp":108},"SWOT analysis takes its name from Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. PPM is product portfolio management; 3C analyzes Customer, Competitor, and Company.","SWOT[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}はStrengths・Weaknesses・Opportunities・Threatsの[頭文字]{かしらもじ:initials}をとった[経営戦略]{けいえいせんりゃく:management strategy}[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}[手法]{しゅほう:method}である。PPMは[製品]{せいひん:product}ポートフォリオ[管理]{かんり:management}、3Cは[顧客]{こきゃく:customer}・[競合]{きょうごう:competitor}・[自社]{じしゃ:own company}の[分析]{ぶんせき:analysis}。",[110,26],"ストラテジ系",{"id":112,"articleId":6,"question":113,"options":116,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":125,"tags":128},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q02",{"en":114,"jp":115},"What is the base-2 representation of the decimal value 13?","10[進数]{しんすう:base}の[数値]{すうち:value}「13」を2[進数]{しんすう:base}で[表現]{ひょうげん:represent}したものはどれか。",[117,119,121,123],{"label":91,"jp":118,"en":118},"1011",{"label":95,"jp":120,"en":120},"1101",{"label":99,"jp":122,"en":122},"1110",{"label":103,"jp":124,"en":124},"1111",{"en":126,"jp":127},"13 = 8+4+0+1 = 1101 in binary. Each digit has weights of 8, 4, 2, and 1.","13 = 8+4+0+1 = 1101(2)。[各]{かく:each}[桁]{けた:digit}は8・4・2・1の[重み]{おもみ:weight}を[持つ]{もつ:has}。",[129,46],"テクノロジ系",{"id":131,"articleId":6,"question":132,"options":135,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":144,"tags":147},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q03",{"en":133,"jp":134},"Which guide is widely used internationally as a body of knowledge for project management?","プロジェクトマネジメントの[知識体系]{ちしきたいけい:body of knowledge}として[国際的]{こくさいてき:internationally}に[広く]{ひろく:widely}[利用]{りよう:used}されているガイドはどれか。",[136,138,140,142],{"label":91,"jp":137,"en":137},"PMBOK",{"label":95,"jp":139,"en":139},"ITIL",{"label":99,"jp":141,"en":141},"COBIT",{"label":103,"jp":143,"en":143},"ISMS",{"en":145,"jp":146},"PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) is the international standard formulated by PMI. ITIL covers service management, COBIT covers IT governance, and ISMS covers information security management.","PMBOK（Project Management Body of Knowledge）はPMIが[策定]{さくてい:formulate}した[国際]{こくさい:international}[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard}。ITILはサービスマネジメント、COBITはITガバナンス、ISMSは[情報]{じょうほう:information}セキュリティマネジメントの[枠組み]{わくぐみ:framework}。",[148,149],"マネジメント系","プロジェクトマネジメント",{"id":151,"articleId":6,"question":152,"options":155,"correctLabel":99,"explanation":164,"tags":167},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q04",{"en":153,"jp":154},"Which algorithm uses public-key (asymmetric) cryptography?","[公開]{こうかい:public}[鍵]{かぎ:key}[暗号]{あんごう:cryptography}[方式]{ほうしき:method}に[該当]{がいとう:applicable}するアルゴリズムはどれか。",[156,158,160,162],{"label":91,"jp":157,"en":157},"AES",{"label":95,"jp":159,"en":159},"DES",{"label":99,"jp":161,"en":161},"RSA",{"label":103,"jp":163,"en":163},"MD5",{"en":165,"jp":166},"RSA is a representative public-key cryptography algorithm. AES and DES are symmetric-key ciphers; MD5 is a hash function.","RSAは[公開]{こうかい:public}[鍵]{かぎ:key}[暗号]{あんごう:cryptography}の[代表的]{だいひょうてき:representative}アルゴリズム。AESとDESは[共通]{きょうつう:symmetric}[鍵]{かぎ:key}[暗号]{あんごう:cryptography}、MD5はハッシュ[関数]{かんすう:function}。",[129,168],"セキュリティ",{"id":170,"articleId":6,"question":171,"options":174,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":187,"tags":190},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q05",{"en":172,"jp":173},"Which system treats employees as having worked a fixed number of hours regardless of actual hours worked?","[企業]{きぎょう:enterprise}が[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employees}に[業務]{ぎょうむ:work}[時間]{じかん:hours}や[働く]{はたらく:to work}[場所]{ばしょ:location}の[裁量]{さいりょう:discretion}を[与える]{あたえる:give}[制度]{せいど:system}のうち、[実際]{じっさい:actual}に[働いた]{はたらいた:worked}[時間]{じかん:hours}に[関わらず]{かかわらず:regardless of}[一定]{いってい:fixed}の[時間]{じかん:hours}を[働いた]{はたらいた:worked}とみなす[制度]{せいど:system}はどれか。",[175,178,181,184],{"label":91,"jp":176,"en":177},"フレックスタイム[制]{せい:system}","Flextime system",{"label":95,"jp":179,"en":180},"[裁量]{さいりょう:discretionary}[労働]{ろうどう:labor}[制]{せい:system}","Discretionary labor system",{"label":99,"jp":182,"en":183},"テレワーク","Telework",{"label":103,"jp":185,"en":186},"[変形]{へんけい:variable}[労働]{ろうどう:labor}[時間]{じかん:hours}[制]{せい:system}","Variable working hours system",{"en":188,"jp":189},"The discretionary labor system treats the deemed working hours set by the labor-management agreement as the actual working hours. Flextime lets the employee choose start and end times.","[裁量]{さいりょう:discretionary}[労働]{ろうどう:labor}[制]{せい:system}は[労使]{ろうし:labor-management}[協定]{きょうてい:agreement}で[定めた]{さだめた:set}みなし[労働]{ろうどう:labor}[時間]{じかん:hours}を[実際]{じっさい:actual}の[労働]{ろうどう:labor}[時間]{じかん:hours}とみなす[制度]{せいど:system}。フレックスタイムは[始業]{しぎょう:start}・[終業]{しゅうぎょう:end}[時刻]{じこく:time}を[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee}が[決める]{きめる:decide}[制度]{せいど:system}。",[110,30],{"id":192,"articleId":6,"question":193,"options":196,"correctLabel":95,"explanation":209,"tags":212},"exam-it-passport-quiz-q06",{"en":194,"jp":195},"In a relational database, what is the key used to uniquely identify a row called?","リレーショナルデータベースにおいて、[一意]{いちい:unique}に[行]{ぎょう:row}を[識別]{しきべつ:identify}するために[設定]{せってい:set}するキーは[何]{なん:what}と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:called}か。",[197,200,203,206],{"label":91,"jp":198,"en":199},"[外部]{がいぶ:foreign}キー","Foreign key",{"label":95,"jp":201,"en":202},"[主]{しゅ:primary}キー","Primary key",{"label":99,"jp":204,"en":205},"[候補]{こうほ:candidate}キー","Candidate key",{"label":103,"jp":207,"en":208},"[副]{ふく:sub}キー","Sub key",{"en":210,"jp":211},"The primary key uniquely identifies a row, with NOT NULL and uniqueness constraints. A foreign key references another table.","[主]{しゅ:primary}キー（プライマリキー）は[行]{ぎょう:row}を[一意]{いちい:unique}に[識別]{しきべつ:identify}する[属性]{ぞくせい:attribute}で、NULL[不可]{ふか:not allowed}・[重複]{ちょうふく:duplicate}[不可]{ふか:not allowed}の[制約]{せいやく:constraint}を[持つ]{もつ:has}。[外部]{がいぶ:foreign}キーは[他]{た:other}の[表]{ひょう:table}を[参照]{さんしょう:reference}するキー。",[129,213],"データベース"]