[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:jlpt-n3-grammar":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":71,"quiz":72},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":70},"article","exam-jlpt-n3-grammar","jlpt-n3-grammar","JLPT N3 文法 — 初級から中級への橋渡し","JLPT N3 Grammar: Bridging Beginner to Intermediate","exams","A grammar-focused walkthrough of JLPT N3, the bridge level between elementary\nN4 and the abstract patterns of N2. Covers exam structure (two sessions per\nyear, three sections, 95-point pass mark), the six high-frequency grammar\ncategories N3 examiners love (conjecture, obligation, experience, passive\n\u002Fcausative, conditionals, conjunctions), the jump in abstract expressions\nfrom N4, and a practical study plan using Shin Kanzen Master, TRY!, and\nmicro-study habits.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fexam-jlpt-n3-grammar.png",[15,20,25,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"文法","ぶんぽう","grammar","N4",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":24},"推量","すいりょう","conjecture \u002F guess","N2",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":29},"義務","ぎむ","duty \u002F obligation","N3",{"word":31,"reading":32,"meaning":33,"level":29},"経験","けいけん","experience",{"word":35,"reading":36,"meaning":37,"level":29},"受身","うけみ","passive (voice)",{"word":39,"reading":40,"meaning":41,"level":24},"使役","しえき","causative",{"word":43,"reading":44,"meaning":45,"level":29},"条件","じょうけん","condition",{"word":47,"reading":48,"meaning":49,"level":29},"接続","せつぞく","conjunction \u002F connection",{"word":51,"reading":52,"meaning":53,"level":24},"抽象","ちゅうしょう","abstract",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":29},"表現","ひょうげん","expression",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":29},"中級","ちゅうきゅう","intermediate",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":24},"橋渡し","はしわたし","bridging",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":29},"合格点","ごうかくてん","passing score","exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz","\n::heading\n[N3]{えぬさん}は[N4]{えぬよん}と[N2]{えぬに}を[繋]{つな::N1}ぐ[橋渡し]{はしわたし::N2}の[級]{きゅう::N1}\n\n#en\nN3 is the bridging level between N4 and N2\n::\n\n::para\n[JLPT N3]{じぇいえるぴーてぃーえぬさん:JLPT N3}は[初級]{しょきゅう:elementary:N1}を[終]{お::N4}えた[学習者]{がくしゅうしゃ:learners:N4}が[最初]{さいしょ:first:N3}に[直面]{ちょくめん:face:N3}する「[中級]{ちゅうきゅう:intermediate:N1}の[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}」とよく[言]{い::N4}われます。[N4]{えぬよん:N4}までの[文型]{ぶんけい:grammar patterns:N2}は[具体的]{ぐたいてき:concrete:N3}な[日常会話]{にちじょうかいわ:daily conversation:N3}が[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}でしたが、[N3]{えぬさん:N3}からは[推量]{すいりょう:conjecture:N1}・[受身]{うけみ:passive:N3}・[使役]{しえき:causative:N3}など[抽象表現]{ちゅうしょうひょうげん:abstract expressions:N1}が[一気]{いっき:all at once:N5}に[増]{ふ::N3}えると[考]{かんが::N4}えられます。\n\n#en\nJLPT N3 is often called the first \"intermediate wall\" that learners hit after finishing the elementary stage. The grammar patterns up through N4 centered on concrete daily conversation, but from N3 onward abstract expressions like conjecture, passive, and causative likely increase all at once.\n::\n\n::para\n[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}では[N3文法]{えぬさんぶんぽう:N3 grammar:N3}の[全体像]{ぜんたいぞう:overview:N2}を[掴]{つか::N1}むために、[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}の[構成]{こうせい:structure:N3}・[頻出文法]{ひんしゅつぶんぽう:frequent grammar:N1}の[6カテゴリ]{ろくかてごり:six categories}・[N4]{えぬよん}との[差分]{さぶん:differences:N3}・[学習方法]{がくしゅうほうほう:study methods:N3}を[順]{じゅん:order:N2}に[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}します。[網羅]{もうら:exhaustive:N1}ではなく[骨組]{ほねぐ::N2}みを[与]{あた::N3}える[ガイド]{がいど:guide}としてご[利用]{りよう:use:N3}ください。\n\n#en\nThis article organizes the overall picture of N3 grammar in order: exam structure, six high-frequency grammar categories, the gap from N4, and study methods. Treat it as a skeleton guide rather than exhaustive coverage.\n::\n\n::heading\n[N3]{えぬさん}[試験概要]{しけんがいよう::N1} — [年]{ねん::N5}[2回]{にかい::N3}・[3セクション]{さんせくしょん}\n\n#en\nN3 exam overview — twice a year, three sections\n::\n\n::para\n[N3]{えぬさん:N3}は[年]{ねん:year:N5}[2回]{にかい:twice:N3}、[7月]{しちがつ:July:N5}と[12月]{じゅうにがつ:December:N5}の[第一日曜日]{だいいちにちようび:first Sunday:N1}に[実施]{じっし:held:N1}されます。[試験時間]{しけんじかん:exam time:N4}は[全体]{ぜんたい:total:N3}で[140分]{ひゃくよんじゅっぷん:140 minutes:N5}、[言語知識]{げんごちしき:language knowledge:N3}（[文字]{もじ:characters:N4}・[語彙]{ごい:vocabulary:N1}）[30分]{さんじゅっぷん::N5}、[言語知識]{げんごちしき:language knowledge:N3}（[文法]{ぶんぽう:grammar:N3}）と[読解]{どっかい:reading:N3}[70分]{ななじゅっぷん::N5}、[聴解]{ちょうかい:listening:N1}[40分]{よんじゅっぷん::N5}の[3セクション構成]{さんせくしょんこうせい:three-section structure:N3}です。\n\n#en\nN3 is held twice a year, on the first Sunday of July and December. The total exam time is 140 minutes, divided into three sections: language knowledge (characters\u002Fvocabulary) for 30 minutes, language knowledge (grammar) and reading combined for 70 minutes, and listening for 40 minutes.\n::\n\n::callout\n[N3配点]{えぬさんはいてん:N3 scoring:N3}の[内訳]{うちわけ:breakdown:N1}：\n- [言語知識]{げんごちしき:language knowledge:N3}（[文字]{もじ::N4}・[語彙]{ごい::N1}・[文法]{ぶんぽう::N3}）：[60点]{ろくじゅってん:60 points:N3}\n- [読解]{どっかい:reading:N3}：[60点]{ろくじゅってん:60 points:N3}\n- [聴解]{ちょうかい:listening:N1}：[60点]{ろくじゅってん:60 points:N3}\n- [合計]{ごうけい:total:N3}：[180点満点]{ひゃくはちじゅうてんまんてん:180 points full:N3}\n- [合格点]{ごうかくてん:passing score:N3}：[95点]{きゅうじゅうごてん:95 points:N3}（[各セクション]{かくせくしょん:each section:N2}[19点以上]{じゅうきゅうてんいじょう:19 or more:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}）\n\n#en\nN3 scoring: 60 points each for language knowledge, reading, and listening (180 total). Pass mark is 95 points overall, with at least 19 in each section.\n::\n\n::para\n[合格率]{ごうかくりつ:pass rate:N1}は[海外受験者]{かいがいじゅけんしゃ:overseas test-takers:N3}で[40〜45%]{よんじゅうよんじゅうごぱーせんと:40-45 percent}[前後]{ぜんご:around:N5}と[公表]{こうひょう:reported:N3}されています。N4と[比]{くら::N2}べると[文法項目]{ぶんぽうこうもく:grammar items:N1}が[約]{やく:about:N3}[120項目]{ひゃくにじゅっこうもく:120 items:N1}・[語彙]{ごい:vocabulary:N1}が[約]{やく::N3}[3,750語]{さんぜんななひゃくごじゅうご:3,750 words:N5}・[漢字]{かんじ:kanji:N4}が[約]{やく::N3}[650字]{ろっぴゃくごじゅうじ:650 characters:N4}と[一気]{いっき:all at once:N5}に[倍増]{ばいぞう:double:N2}するため、[計画的]{けいかくてき:systematic:N4}な[準備]{じゅんび:preparation:N2}が[必須]{ひっす:essential:N1}と[考]{かんが::N4}えられます。\n\n#en\nPass rates for overseas test-takers are reported around 40-45 percent. Compared with N4, grammar items roughly double to ~120, vocabulary to ~3,750 words, and kanji to ~650 characters, so systematic preparation is essential.\n::\n\n::heading\n[N3頻出文法]{えぬさんひんしゅつぶんぽう::N1}[6カテゴリ]{ろくかてごり}を[俯瞰]{ふかん::N1}する\n\n#en\nA bird's-eye view of the six frequent N3 grammar categories\n::\n\n::para\n[N3]{えぬさん}の[文法項目]{ぶんぽうこうもく:grammar items:N1}は[一見]{いっけん:at first glance:N5}バラバラに[見]{み::N5}えますが、[意味機能]{いみきのう:semantic function:N3}で[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}すると[6つ]{むっつ}の[大]{おお::N5}きな[カテゴリ]{かてごり:category}に[分]{わ::N5}けられると[されています]{:said to be}。[各カテゴリ]{かくかてごり:each category:N2}を[一]{ひと::N5}つの[「ユニット」]{ゆにっと:unit}として[まとめて]{:together}[学]{まな::N5}ぶと[記憶定着]{きおくていちゃく:memory retention:N1}が[良好]{りょうこう:good:N3}になりやすいと[考]{かんが::N4}えられます。\n\n#en\nThe N3 grammar items may look scattered, but when organized by semantic function they can be split into six broad categories. Studying each category as one \"unit\" likely improves retention.\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ1]{かてごりいち} — [推量]{すいりょう::N1}（〜らしい／〜そうだ／〜ようだ・みたい）\n\n#en\nCategory 1 — Conjecture (rashii \u002F sou da \u002F you da & mitai)\n::\n\n::para\n[N3]{えぬさん}で[最]{もっと::N3}も[混乱]{こんらん:confused:N2}しやすいのが[推量表現]{すいりょうひょうげん:conjecture expressions:N1}です。[四]{よっ::N5}つの[似]{に::N3}た[形]{かたち:forms:N3}が[並]{なら::N2}び、[情報源]{じょうほうげん:information source:N1}と[確信度]{かくしんど:confidence:N3}で[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}ける[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nConjecture expressions are the most confusing N3 area. Four similar forms line up, and you must distinguish them by information source and degree of certainty.\n::\n\n::callout\n[推量4形]{すいりょうよんけい:four conjecture forms:N1}の[違]{ちが::N3}い：\n- 〜[らしい]{:rashii}：[他者]{たしゃ:others:N3}からの[伝聞]{でんぶん:hearsay:N3}に[基]{もと::N1}づく[推量]{すいりょう::N1} 「[彼]{かれ::N3}は[来]{こ::N5}ないらしい」\n- 〜[そうだ]{:sou da (visual)}：[視覚情報]{しかくじょうほう:visual info:N1}による[直感]{ちょっかん:intuition:N3} 「[雨]{あめ:rain:N5}が[降]{ふ::N3}りそうだ」\n- 〜[そうだ]{:sou da (hearsay)}：[聞]{き::N5}いた[情報]{じょうほう:info:N3}の[伝達]{でんたつ:relay:N3} 「[雨]{あめ::N5}が[降]{ふ::N3}るそうだ」\n- 〜[ようだ／みたい]{:you da \u002F mitai}：[自分]{じぶん:self:N4}の[観察]{かんさつ:observation:N3}に[基]{もと::N1}づく[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3} 「[風邪]{かぜ:cold:N1}を[引]{ひ::N3}いたようだ」\n\n#en\nFour conjecture forms: rashii (hearsay-based guess), sou da visual (intuition from sight), sou da hearsay (relaying what was heard), and you da\u002Fmitai (judgment from one's own observation).\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ2]{かてごりに} — [義務]{ぎむ::N1}・[必要]{ひつよう::N3}（〜なければならない／〜べきだ）\n\n#en\nCategory 2 — Obligation and necessity (nakereba naranai \u002F beki da)\n::\n\n::para\n[義務表現]{ぎむひょうげん:obligation expressions:N1}は[ビジネス]{びじねす:business}や[公的場面]{こうてきばめん:public situations:N3}で[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequent:N1}します。「〜[なければならない]{:must}」は[客観的]{きゃっかんてき:objective:N3}な[必要性]{ひつようせい:necessity:N3}を、「〜[べきだ]{:should}」は[話者]{わしゃ:speaker:N4}の[主観的]{しゅかんてき:subjective:N3}な[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}を[表]{あらわ::N3}すと[されています]{:said to be}。「〜[なくてはいけない]{:nakute wa ikenai}」「〜[ないといけない]{:nai to ikenai}」など[口語形]{こうごけい:colloquial forms:N3}も[併]{あわ::N1}せて[覚]{おぼ::N3}える[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nObligation expressions appear frequently in business and public contexts. \"Nakereba naranai\" expresses objective necessity, while \"beki da\" expresses the speaker's subjective judgment. Colloquial variants like \"nakute wa ikenai\" and \"nai to ikenai\" also need to be learned together.\n::\n\n::callout\n[N3試験]{えぬさんしけん:N3 exam:N4}の[ヒント]{ひんと:tip}：[文法]{ぶんぽう::N3}[第1問]{だいいちもん:question 1:N1}（[文法形式]{ぶんぽうけいしき:grammar form:N3}の[判断]{はんだん::N3}）では[「〜べきだ」]{:beki da}と[「〜はずだ」]{:hazu da}を[混同]{こんどう:confuse:N2}する[ミス]{みす:mistake}が[多発]{たはつ:frequently:N4}します。「べき」は[義務]{ぎむ::N1}、「はず」は[論理的]{ろんりてき:logical:N3}な[当然]{とうぜん:expectation:N3}と[覚]{おぼ::N3}え[分]{わ::N5}けるのが[有効]{ゆうこう:effective:N2}です。\n\n#en\nExam tip: in grammar question 1 (form judgment), confusing \"beki da\" with \"hazu da\" is a frequent mistake. Remember that \"beki\" expresses obligation while \"hazu\" expresses logical expectation.\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ3]{かてごりさん} — [経験]{けいけん::N3}・[継続]{けいぞく::N1}（〜たことがある／〜ている）\n\n#en\nCategory 3 — Experience and continuation (~ta koto ga aru \u002F ~te iru)\n::\n\n::para\n[時間表現]{じかんひょうげん:temporal expressions:N3}は[N4]{えぬよん}でも[一部]{いちぶ:partly:N3}[出]{で::N5}てきますが、[N3]{えぬさん}では[完了]{かんりょう:completion:N2}・[結果状態]{けっかじょうたい:resultant state:N1}・[反復]{はんぷく:repetition:N2}など[ニュアンス]{にゅあんす:nuance}が[細]{こま::N2}かく[問]{と::N4}われます。「〜[ている]{:te iru}」は[進行]{しんこう:ongoing:N3}・[結果状態]{けっかじょうたい:result:N1}・[習慣]{しゅうかん:habit:N3}の[3用法]{さんようほう:three uses:N3}を[文脈]{ぶんみゃく:context:N1}で[判断]{はんだん:judge:N3}できる[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nTemporal expressions appear partly in N4 too, but N3 asks finer nuances like completion, resultant state, and repetition. The \"te iru\" form must be distinguished by context across its three uses: ongoing, resultant state, and habit.\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ4]{かてごりよん} — [受身]{うけみ::N3}・[使役]{しえき::N3}（〜られる／〜させる）\n\n#en\nCategory 4 — Passive and causative (~rareru \u002F ~saseru)\n::\n\n::para\n[受身]{うけみ:passive:N3}と[使役]{しえき:causative:N3}は[N3]{えぬさん}の[最大]{さいだい:biggest:N3}の[山]{やま:hurdle:N5}と[されることが多]{おお::N4}いです。[直接受身]{ちょくせつうけみ:direct passive:N2}（[私]{わたし::N4}は[先生]{せんせい::N5}に[褒]{ほ::N1}められた）と[迷惑受身]{めいわくうけみ:adversative passive:N1}（[雨]{あめ::N5}に[降]{ふ::N3}られた）の[区別]{くべつ:distinction:N2}、さらに[使役受身]{しえきうけみ:causative-passive:N3}（[母]{はは::N5}に[野菜]{やさい:vegetables:N2}を[食]{た::N5}べさせられた）の[3層構造]{さんそうこうぞう:three-layer structure:N2}を[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}しておく[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nPassive and causative are often called the biggest hurdle of N3. You need to organize three layers: direct passive (I was praised by the teacher), adversative passive (I was rained on), and causative-passive (I was made to eat vegetables by my mother).\n::\n\n::callout\n[活用]{かつよう:conjugation:N3}の[まとめ]{:summary}：\n- [受身]{うけみ::N3}：[Iグループ]{あいぐるーぷ:Group I} → [a段]{あだん::N3} + れる、[IIグループ]{にぐるーぷ:Group II} → [語幹]{ごかん:stem:N1} + られる\n- [使役]{しえき::N3}：[Iグループ]{あいぐるーぷ} → [a段]{あだん::N3} + せる、[IIグループ]{にぐるーぷ} → [語幹]{ごかん::N1} + させる\n- [使役受身]{しえきうけみ::N3}：[使役]{しえき::N3} + られる（[Iグループ]{あいぐるーぷ}は[短縮形]{たんしゅくけい:short form:N1}も[可]{か:OK:N4}）\n\n#en\nConjugation summary — Passive: Group I a-row + reru, Group II stem + rareru. Causative: Group I a-row + seru, Group II stem + saseru. Causative-passive: causative + rareru (Group I has a short form too).\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ5]{かてごりご} — [条件]{じょうけん::N1}（〜ば／〜たら／〜なら）\n\n#en\nCategory 5 — Conditionals (~ba \u002F ~tara \u002F ~nara)\n::\n\n::para\n[条件表現]{じょうけんひょうげん:conditional expressions:N1}は[N3文法]{えぬさんぶんぽう::N3}の[頻出領域]{ひんしゅつりょういき:frequent area:N1}で、[4形式]{よんけいしき:four forms:N3}の[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}けが[問]{と::N4}われます。「〜[と]{:to}」は[自然]{しぜん:natural:N3}な[結果]{けっか:result:N1}、「〜[ば]{:ba}」は[一般法則]{いっぱんほうそく:general rule:N2}、「〜[たら]{:tara}」は[個別状況]{こべつじょうきょう:specific situation:N2}、「〜[なら]{:nara}」は[相手]{あいて:other party:N3}の[発言]{はつげん:statement:N4}を[受]{う::N3}けた[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}と[されています]{:said to be}。\n\n#en\nConditional expressions are a frequent N3 area, with four forms tested for distinct usage. \"To\" expresses natural results, \"ba\" expresses general rules, \"tara\" expresses specific situations, and \"nara\" picks up on the other party's statement.\n::\n\n::callout\n[条件4形]{じょうけんよんけい:four conditionals:N1}の[使]{つか::N4}い[分]{わ::N5}け[例]{れい:examples:N3}：\n- [春]{はる:spring:N4}になると[桜]{さくら:cherry blossoms:N1}が[咲]{さ::N2}く（[自然法則]{しぜんほうそく:natural law:N2} → と）\n- [安]{やす::N4}ければ[買]{か::N4}う（[一般条件]{いっぱんじょうけん:general condition:N1} → ば）\n- [駅]{えき::N4}に[着]{つ::N4}いたら[電話]{でんわ::N5}します（[個別の]{こべつの:specific:N2}[未来事象]{みらいじしょう:future event:N2} → たら）\n- [行]{い::N5}くなら[早]{はや::N4}く[行]{い::N5}った[方]{ほう:better:N4}がいい（[相手]{あいて::N3}の[発言受]{はつげんう::N3}け → なら）\n\n#en\nExamples — When spring comes the cherry blossoms bloom (to), I'll buy if it's cheap (ba), call me when you arrive at the station (tara), if you're going, you should go early (nara).\n::\n\n::heading\n[カテゴリ6]{かてごりろく} — [接続]{せつぞく::N2}（〜のに／〜ために／〜ように）\n\n#en\nCategory 6 — Conjunctions (~noni \u002F ~tame ni \u002F ~you ni)\n::\n\n::para\n[文]{ぶん:sentences:N4}を[繋]{つな::N1}ぐ[接続表現]{せつぞくひょうげん:conjunction expressions:N2}は[N3読解]{えぬさんどっかい:N3 reading:N3}の[正答率]{せいとうりつ:accuracy rate:N1}を[左右]{さゆう:determine:N5}する[重要領域]{じゅうようりょういき:critical area:N2}です。[逆接]{ぎゃくせつ:contrast:N2}の「〜[のに]{:noni}」、[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の「〜[ために]{:tame ni}」、[比喩]{ひゆ:analogy:N1}・[目標]{もくひょう:goal:N1}の「〜[ように]{:you ni}」は[特]{とく::N4}に[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequent:N1}と[考]{かんが::N4}えられます。\n\n#en\nConjunctions linking sentences are a critical area that determines N3 reading accuracy. \"Noni\" (contrast), \"tame ni\" (purpose), and \"you ni\" (analogy\u002Fgoal) are particularly frequent.\n::\n\n::heading\n[N4]{えぬよん}からの[差分]{さぶん::N3} — [抽象表現]{ちゅうしょうひょうげん::N1}の[急増]{きゅうぞう::N3}\n\n#en\nThe gap from N4 — abstract expressions surge\n::\n\n::para\n[N3]{えぬさん}が[難]{むずか::N3}しく[感]{かん::N3}じられる[最大]{さいだい:biggest:N3}の[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}は[抽象表現]{ちゅうしょうひょうげん:abstract expressions:N1}の[急増]{きゅうぞう:sudden increase:N3}と[言]{い::N4}われます。[N4]{えぬよん}までは[「[今日]{きょう::N5}は[暑]{あつ::N1}いです」]{:simple sentences}のような[直接的]{ちょくせつてき:direct:N2}な[文]{ぶん::N4}が[中心]{ちゅうしん::N4}でしたが、[N3]{えぬさん}からは[「〜の上で」]{のうえで:upon doing:N5}「〜[にとって]{:for [someone]}」「〜[について]{:about}」など[名詞句]{めいしく:noun-phrase:N1}を[挟]{はさ::N2}む[中級語彙]{ちゅうきゅうごい:intermediate vocabulary:N1}が[頻出]{ひんしゅつ::N1}します。\n\n#en\nThe biggest reason N3 feels hard is the surge of abstract expressions. Up to N4, sentences like \"today is hot\" dominated, but from N3 onward intermediate vocabulary that wraps noun phrases — \"no ue de\" (upon doing), \"ni totte\" (for [someone]), \"ni tsuite\" (about) — appears frequently.\n::\n\n::callout\n[N3]{えぬさん}で[新出]{しんしゅつ:newly introduced:N4}する[中級]{ちゅうきゅう::N1}[名詞節句]{めいしせっく:nominal phrase:N1}の[例]{れい::N3}：\n- 〜[の上]{うえ::N5}で：「[検討]{けんとう:consider:N1}の[上]{うえ::N5}でご[返事]{へんじ:reply:N3}します」\n- 〜[にとって]{:for}：「[私]{わたし::N4}にとって[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}は[大切]{たいせつ:important:N4}です」\n- 〜[について]{:about}：「[新製品]{しんせいひん:new product:N1}について[説明]{せつめい:explain:N3}します」\n- 〜[に対]{たい::N3}して：「[質問]{しつもん:question:N4}に[対]{たい::N3}して[答]{こた::N4}える」\n- 〜[によって]{:by means of}：「[結果]{けっか:result:N1}は[努力]{どりょく:effort:N3}によって[変]{か::N3}わる」\n\n#en\nNewly introduced N3 nominal phrases: \"no ue de\" (upon doing), \"ni totte\" (for [someone]), \"ni tsuite\" (about), \"ni taishite\" (toward\u002Fagainst), \"ni yotte\" (by means of).\n::\n\n::heading\n[学習方法]{がくしゅうほうほう::N3} — [教材]{きょうざい::N2}と[スキマ学習]{すきまがくしゅう::N4}\n\n#en\nStudy methods — textbooks and micro-study sessions\n::\n\n::para\n[N3対策]{えぬさんたいさく:N3 countermeasures:N1}の[定番教材]{ていばんきょうざい:standard textbooks:N2}としては[「新完全マスター」]{しんかんぜんますたー:Shin Kanzen Master:N3}シリーズと[「TRY!」]{とらい:TRY!}シリーズが[広]{ひろ::N4}く[利用]{りよう:used:N3}されています。[新完全マスター]{しんかんぜんますたー::N3}は[網羅性]{もうらせい:comprehensiveness:N1}と[練習問題]{れんしゅうもんだい:practice questions:N2}の[多]{おお::N4}さが[特長]{とくちょう:strength:N4}で[本格的]{ほんかくてき:serious:N3}な[受験対策]{じゅけんたいさく:exam prep:N1}に[向]{む::N3}き、[TRY!]{とらい}は[文法]{ぶんぽう::N3}を[文脈]{ぶんみゃく:context:N1}の[中]{なか::N5}で[学]{まな::N5}べる[読]{よ::N5}みやすさが[評価]{ひょうか:valued:N1}されています。\n\n#en\nStandard N3 prep textbooks include the Shin Kanzen Master and TRY! series. Shin Kanzen Master is valued for its comprehensiveness and abundance of practice questions, suiting serious exam prep, while TRY! is known for its readability — letting you learn grammar within context.\n::\n\n::callout\n[スキマ学習]{すきまがくしゅう:micro-study:N4}の[実践例]{じっせんれい:practical examples:N1}：\n- [通勤時間]{つうきんじかん:commute time:N3}：[アプリ]{あぷり:app}で[文法]{ぶんぽう::N3}[1日]{いちにち:per day:N5}[5項目]{ごこうもく:five items:N1}を[繰]{く::N1}り[返]{かえ::N3}し\n- [昼休]{ひるやす::N4}み：[NHK Easy News]{えぬえいちけーいーじーにゅーす:NHK Easy News}で[1記事]{いちきじ:one article:N3}を[精読]{せいどく:close reading:N3}\n- [就寝前]{しゅうしんまえ:before bed:N1}：[聴解問題]{ちょうかいもんだい:listening practice:N1}を[1題]{いちだい:one question:N4}だけ[解]{と::N3}く\n- [週末]{しゅうまつ:weekend:N3}：[模試]{もし:practice exam:N1}を[時間]{じかん:time:N5}を[計]{はか::N4}って[1セット]{ひとせっと:one set}\n\n#en\nMicro-study examples: commute (5 grammar items per day via app), lunch break (one NHK Easy News article close-read), before bed (one listening question), weekend (one timed practice exam set).\n::\n\n::heading\n[本記事]{ほんきじ::N3}の[最後]{さいご::N3}に[6問テスト]{ろくもんてすと::N4}\n\n#en\nA six-question test at the end of this article\n::\n\n::para\n[本記事]{ほんきじ::N3}の[末尾]{まつび:end:N1}には[N3形式]{えぬさんけいしき:N3 format:N3}に[寄]{よ::N3}せた[6問]{ろくもん:six questions:N4}の[四択テスト]{よんたくてすと:four-choice test:N1}を[用意]{ようい:prepare:N4}しています。[文法選択]{ぶんぽうせんたく:grammar selection:N1}・[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[接続]{せつぞく:connection:N2}・[文意]{ぶんい:sentence meaning:N4}の[3形式]{さんけいしき:three formats:N3}を[網羅]{もうら:cover:N1}しているので、[学習]{がくしゅう:study:N4}の[到達度]{とうたつど:progress:N3}を[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}する[材料]{ざいりょう:material:N2}としてご[活用]{かつよう:utilize:N3}ください。\n\n#en\nA six-question four-choice test in N3 format is provided at the end of this article. It covers three formats — grammar selection, appropriate connection, and sentence meaning — so use it to check your study progress.\n::\n",{"id":70,"title":73,"titleEn":74,"topicPath":10,"questions":75},"JLPT N3 文法確認テスト","JLPT N3 Grammar Check Test",[76,103,126,149,172,194,214],{"id":77,"articleId":6,"question":78,"options":81,"correctLabel":83,"explanation":98,"tags":101},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q01",{"en":79,"jp":80},"'The sky is getting dark. It looks like it's going to rain (___).' What fits best?","「[空]{そら:sky}が[暗]{くら}くなってきた。[雨]{あめ}が[降]{ふ}り（　　）」最も適切なのは？",[82,86,90,94],{"label":83,"jp":84,"en":85},"ア","そうだ","sou da (visual conjecture)",{"label":87,"jp":88,"en":89},"イ","らしい","rashii (hearsay)",{"label":91,"jp":92,"en":93},"ウ","ということだ","to iu koto da (relayed info)",{"label":95,"jp":96,"en":97},"エ","はずだ","hazu da (logical expectation)",{"en":99,"jp":100},"For intuitive conjecture from visual info (the dark sky), use verb masu-stem + 'sou da'. 'Furu sou da' would mean hearsay instead.","[視覚情報]{しかくじょうほう:visual info}（[空]{そら}が[暗]{くら}い）からの[直感的]{ちょっかんてき:intuitive}な[推量]{すいりょう:conjecture}には[動詞]{どうし:verb}[ます形]{ますけい}+「そうだ」を[使]{つか}います。「[降]{ふ}るそうだ」だと[伝聞]{でんぶん:hearsay}になってしまいます。",[18,102],"conjecture",{"id":104,"articleId":6,"question":105,"options":108,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":121,"tags":124},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q02",{"en":106,"jp":107},"'My younger brother (___) my cake (and I'm upset).' What fits best?","「[弟]{おとうと:younger brother}に[私]{わたし}のケーキを（　　）しまった」最も適切なのは？",[109,112,115,118],{"label":83,"jp":110,"en":111},"[食]{た}べて","tabete (plain te-form)",{"label":87,"jp":113,"en":114},"[食]{た}べさせて","tabesasete (causative)",{"label":91,"jp":116,"en":117},"[食]{た}べられて","taberarete (adversative passive)",{"label":95,"jp":119,"en":120},"[食]{た}べさせられて","tabesaserarete (causative-passive)",{"en":122,"jp":123},"Adversative passive expresses being negatively affected by another's action — a frequent N3 pattern.","[迷惑受身]{めいわくうけみ:adversative passive}は[他人]{たにん:another person}の[行為]{こうい:action}で[被害]{ひがい:harm}を[受]{う}けた[時]{とき}に[使]{つか}います。N3頻出パターンです。",[18,125],"passive",{"id":127,"articleId":6,"question":128,"options":131,"correctLabel":83,"explanation":144,"tags":147},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q03",{"en":129,"jp":130},"'(If it were\u002FWere it) cheap (___), I'd want to buy more.' Which conditional fits a general rule?","「[安]{やす}（　　）、もっと[買]{か}いたい」一般的な条件として最も適切なのは？",[132,135,138,141],{"label":83,"jp":133,"en":134},"ければ","kereba (ba-form)",{"label":87,"jp":136,"en":137},"かったら","kattara (tara-form)",{"label":91,"jp":139,"en":140},"いなら","i nara (nara-form)",{"label":95,"jp":142,"en":143},"いと","i to (to-form)",{"en":145,"jp":146},"For general rules, '~ba' is most natural. '~tara' is also possible but leans toward specific situations.","[一般条件]{いっぱんじょうけん:general condition}・[法則]{ほうそく:rule}を[表]{あらわ}す[時]{とき}は「〜ば」が[最]{もっと}も[自然]{しぜん}とされます。「たら」も[使用可能]{しようかのう:usable}ですが[個別状況]{こべつじょうきょう:specific situation}寄りです。",[18,148],"conditional",{"id":150,"articleId":6,"question":151,"options":154,"correctLabel":87,"explanation":167,"tags":170},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q04",{"en":152,"jp":153},"'I studied hard (___) I failed the exam.' What conjunction fits?","「[一生懸命]{いっしょうけんめい:hard}[勉強]{べんきょう:study}した（　　）、[試験]{しけん:exam}に[落]{お}ちてしまった」適切な接続は？",[155,158,161,164],{"label":83,"jp":156,"en":157},"ために","tame ni (purpose)",{"label":87,"jp":159,"en":160},"のに","noni (contrast)",{"label":91,"jp":162,"en":163},"ように","you ni (so that)",{"label":95,"jp":165,"en":166},"から","kara (because)",{"en":168,"jp":169},"'~noni' connects an expectation with a contrary result — a key pattern that determines accuracy in N3 reading.","[期待]{きたい:expectation}と[反対]{はんたい:opposite}の[結果]{けっか:result}を[繋]{つな}ぐ[逆接]{ぎゃくせつ:contrast}には「〜のに」を[使]{つか}います。N3読解の[正答率]{せいとうりつ:accuracy rate}を[左右]{さゆう:determine}する[重要文型]{じゅうようぶんけい:key pattern}です。",[18,171],"conjunction",{"id":173,"articleId":6,"question":174,"options":177,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":190,"tags":193},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q05",{"en":175,"jp":176},"'(___) me, family is most important.' What fits best?","「[私]{わたし}（　　）、[家族]{かぞく:family}が[何]{なに}より[大切]{たいせつ:important}だ」最も適切なのは？",[178,181,184,187],{"label":83,"jp":179,"en":180},"について","ni tsuite (about)",{"label":87,"jp":182,"en":183},"に対して","ni taishite (toward\u002Fagainst)",{"label":91,"jp":185,"en":186},"にとって","ni totte (for [someone])",{"label":95,"jp":188,"en":189},"によって","ni yotte (by means of)",{"en":191,"jp":192},"'~ni totte' marks a viewpoint or standpoint — a representative new intermediate expression introduced at N3.","[「〜にとって」]{:ni totte}は[視点]{してん:viewpoint}・[立場]{たちば:standpoint}を[示]{しめ}し、[「私にとって」]{:to me}=「[私の立場から見]{わたしのたちばからみ}て」となります。N3で[新出]{しんしゅつ:new}する[中級表現]{ちゅうきゅうひょうげん:intermediate expression}の[代表例]{だいひょうれい:representative}です。",[18,61],{"id":195,"articleId":6,"question":196,"options":199,"correctLabel":87,"explanation":210,"tags":213},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q06",{"en":197,"jp":198},"'For my health, I (___) running every morning.' What fits best?","「[健康]{けんこう:health}のために[毎朝]{まいあさ:every morning}[走]{はし}る（　　）している」最も適切なのは？",[200,201,204,207],{"label":83,"jp":156,"en":157},{"label":87,"jp":202,"en":203},"ようにして","you ni shite (try to \u002F make a habit of)",{"label":91,"jp":205,"en":206},"つもりで","tsumori de (intending)",{"label":95,"jp":208,"en":209},"そうに","sou ni (looks like)",{"en":211,"jp":212},"'~you ni suru \u002F shite iru' expresses habitual effort — 'I make a point of doing ~'. A frequent N3 pattern often tested in meaning questions.","[「〜ようにする／している」]{:you ni suru \u002F shite iru}は[習慣的努力]{しゅうかんてきどりょく:habitual effort}を[表]{あらわ}し、「〜するよう[心掛]{こころが}けている」の[意味]{いみ}になります。N3頻出文型で[文意問題]{ぶんいもんだい:meaning question}でも[よく問]{と}われます。",[18,171],{"id":215,"articleId":6,"question":216,"options":219,"correctLabel":91,"explanation":230,"tags":233},"exam-jlpt-n3-grammar-quiz-q07",{"en":217,"jp":218},"'Students (___) follow school rules.' What expresses obligation most appropriately?","「[学生]{がくせい:student}は[校則]{こうそく:school rules}を[守]{まも}る（　　）」義務を表す最も適切な表現は？",[220,221,224,227],{"label":83,"jp":96,"en":97},{"label":87,"jp":222,"en":223},"ことがある","koto ga aru (sometimes)",{"label":91,"jp":225,"en":226},"べきだ","beki da (should)",{"label":95,"jp":228,"en":229},"ようだ","you da (seems)",{"en":231,"jp":232},"'~beki da' expresses obligation\u002Fpropriety from the speaker's subjective judgment. '~hazu da' expresses logical expectation, which differs in meaning.","[「〜べきだ」]{:beki da}は[話者]{わしゃ:speaker}の[主観的]{しゅかんてき:subjective}な[判断]{はんだん:judgment}による[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}・[当然]{とうぜん:proper}を[表]{あらわ}します。「はずだ」は[論理的当然]{ろんりてきとうぜん:logical expectation}で[意味]{いみ}が[異]{こと}なります。",[18,234],"obligation"]