[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:hoyu-data":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":195,"quiz":196},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"order":11,"seriesLabel":12,"summary":13,"publishedAt":14,"image":15,"tags":16,"vocabulary":20,"quizId":191,"source":192},"article","kjh-k1-h06-hoyu-data","hoyu-data","課題Ⅰ 第６編 保有個人データに関する義務","Topic I, Section 6: Obligations Regarding Retained Personal Data","kojin-joho-hogo\u002Fkadai-1",1060,"課題Ⅰ 第６編","Comprehensive coverage of individual rights regarding retained personal data under Japan's APPI (Articles 32-39): public notice obligations, purpose-of-use notification, disclosure requests (including digital format since 2022), correction, the significantly expanded cessation-of-use right, procedures and fees, and the pre-litigation request requirement.","2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fkjh-k1-h06-hoyu-data.png",[17,18,19],"exam:個人情報保護士","topic:保有個人データ","topic:開示請求",[21,26,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75,79,83,87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119,123,127,131,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,187],{"word":22,"reading":23,"meaning":24,"level":25},"保有","ほゆう","retention, holding","N2",{"word":27,"reading":28,"meaning":29,"level":30},"開示","かいじ","disclosure","N1",{"word":32,"reading":33,"meaning":34,"level":25},"訂正","ていせい","correction",{"word":36,"reading":37,"meaning":38,"level":25},"削除","さくじょ","deletion",{"word":40,"reading":41,"meaning":42,"level":25},"請求","せいきゅう","request, claim",{"word":44,"reading":45,"meaning":46,"level":25},"義務","ぎむ","obligation, duty",{"word":48,"reading":49,"meaning":50,"level":25},"事業者","じぎょうしゃ","business operator",{"word":52,"reading":53,"meaning":54,"level":30},"遅滞","ちたい","delay",{"word":56,"reading":57,"meaning":58,"level":25},"拒否","きょひ","refusal",{"word":60,"reading":61,"meaning":62,"level":25},"改正","かいせい","amendment, revision",{"word":64,"reading":65,"meaning":66,"level":30},"電磁的","でんじてき","electromagnetic",{"word":68,"reading":69,"meaning":70,"level":30},"交付","こうふ","delivery, issuance",{"word":72,"reading":73,"meaning":74,"level":30},"措置","そち","measure, step",{"word":76,"reading":77,"meaning":78,"level":30},"利用停止","りようていし","cessation of use",{"word":80,"reading":81,"meaning":82,"level":25},"拡大","かくだい","expansion",{"word":84,"reading":85,"meaning":86,"level":30},"漏洩","ろうえい","leakage, breach",{"word":88,"reading":89,"meaning":90,"level":25},"手数料","てすうりょう","fee, commission",{"word":92,"reading":93,"meaning":94,"level":30},"徴収","ちょうしゅう","collection (of fees)",{"word":96,"reading":97,"meaning":98,"level":30},"勘案","かんあん","consideration",{"word":100,"reading":101,"meaning":102,"level":30},"提起","ていき","to file, raise (a lawsuit)",{"word":104,"reading":105,"meaning":106,"level":30},"趣旨","しゅし","intent, purpose",{"word":108,"reading":109,"meaning":110,"level":25},"自主的","じしゅてき","voluntary",{"word":112,"reading":113,"meaning":114,"level":25},"範囲","はんい","scope, range",{"word":116,"reading":117,"meaning":118,"level":25},"苦情","くじょう","complaint",{"word":120,"reading":121,"meaning":122,"level":30},"周知","しゅうち","public notice, making known",{"word":124,"reading":125,"meaning":126,"level":25},"認定","にんてい","accreditation, certification",{"word":128,"reading":129,"meaning":130,"level":25},"公表","こうひょう","public announcement",{"word":132,"reading":133,"meaning":134,"level":25},"代表者","だいひょうしゃ","representative",{"word":136,"reading":137,"meaning":138,"level":30},"安全管理措置","あんぜんかんりそち","security management measures",{"word":140,"reading":141,"meaning":142,"level":25},"掲載","けいさい","publication, posting",{"word":144,"reading":145,"meaning":146,"level":25},"掲示","けいじ","posting, display",{"word":148,"reading":149,"meaning":150,"level":30},"遂行","すいこう","to carry out, execute",{"word":152,"reading":153,"meaning":154,"level":30},"支障","ししょう","hindrance, impediment",{"word":156,"reading":157,"meaning":158,"level":30},"不正取得","ふせいしゅとく","improper acquisition",{"word":160,"reading":161,"meaning":162,"level":25},"正当","せいとう","legitimate, just",{"word":164,"reading":165,"meaning":166,"level":30},"侵害","しんがい","infringement, violation",{"word":168,"reading":169,"meaning":170,"level":25},"代替","だいたい","alternative, substitute",{"word":172,"reading":173,"meaning":174,"level":30},"過重","かじゅう","excessive",{"word":176,"reading":177,"meaning":178,"level":30},"権利行使","けんりこうし","exercise of rights",{"word":180,"reading":181,"meaning":182,"level":30},"事前請求","じぜんせいきゅう","pre-litigation request",{"word":184,"reading":185,"meaning":186,"level":25},"添付","てんぷ","attachment",{"word":188,"reading":189,"meaning":190,"level":25},"経過","けいか","passage (of time), elapsed","kjh-k1-h06-quiz",{"name":193,"url":194},"個人情報保護委員会","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ppc.go.jp\u002Fpersonalinfo\u002Flegal\u002F","\n::para\n[個人]{こじん:individual, personal:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}では、[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[取扱]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が[保有]{ほゆう:retention, holding:N1}する[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データのうち、[本人]{ほんにん:the person themselves:N5}からの[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}・[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}・[削除]{さくじょ:deletion:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request, claim:N1}に[応じる]{おうじる:to respond to:N1}[権限]{けんげん:authority:N3}を[有する]{ゆうする:to possess:N4}ものを「[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データ」と[呼び]{よび:to call:N3}ます。[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}6[編]{へん:volume, section:N2}は、この[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データに[関する]{かんする:regarding:N3}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}の[義務]{ぎむ:obligation, duty:N1}と[本人]{ほんにん:the person themselves:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}を[体系的]{たいけいてき:systematic:N1}に[定めて]{さだめて:stipulate:N3}おり、[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}から[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}39[条]{じょう:article:N1}までの[規定]{きてい:provisions:N3}を[含み]{ふくみ:to include:N2}ます。[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}では[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}が[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently appearing:N1}します。\n\n#en\nUnder the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, personal data held by a business operator for which the operator has the authority to respond to requests for disclosure, correction, deletion, etc. from the individual is called \"retained personal data.\" Section 6 systematically sets out the obligations of business operators and the rights of individuals regarding this retained personal data, encompassing Articles 32 through 39. Disclosure requests and cessation-of-use requests appear especially frequently on the exam.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}1[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}：[本人]{ほんにん:individual:N5}への[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}\n\n#en\nArticle 32(1): Matters to be made known to individuals\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}32[条]{じょう:article (of law):N1}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}1[項]{こう:paragraph (of law):N1}は、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}、[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データに[関する]{かんする:regarding:N3}[一定]{いってい:certain, fixed:N3}の[事項]{じこう:matters, items:N1}を[本人]{ほんにん:the person themselves:N5}の[知り]{しり:to know:N4}[得る]{うる:to be able to:N3}[状態]{じょうたい:state, condition:N1}に[置く]{おく:to put:N3}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}を[課して]{かして:to impose:N2}います。[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specifically:N3}な[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}は[次]{つぎ:the following:N3}のとおりです。（a）[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}の[名称]{めいしょう:name, title:N1}・[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}・[代表者]{だいひょうしゃ:representative:N3}の[氏名]{しめい:full name:N1}、（b）すべての[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}、（c）[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}に[応じる]{おうじる:to respond to:N1}[手続]{てつづき:procedure:N3}、（d）[苦情]{くじょう:complaint:N3}の[申出先]{もうしでさき:place to file complaints:N3}、（e）[認定]{にんてい:accredited:N3}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}[団体]{だんたい:organization:N2}の[名称]{めいしょう:name:N1}[及び]{および:and:N1}[苦情]{くじょう:complaint:N3}の[申出先]{もうしでさき:place to file:N3}。\n\n#en\nArticle 32, Paragraph 1 imposes on business operators the obligation to make certain matters regarding retained personal data available to individuals. The specific items to be made known are: (a) the name, address, and representative's name of the business operator; (b) the purpose of use for ALL retained personal data; (c) procedures for requests such as disclosure; (d) the contact point for complaints; and (e) the name and complaint contact of any accredited personal information protection organization.\n::\n\n::para\n2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}により、[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}に[新たに]{あらたに:newly:N4}（f）[安全]{あんぜん:safety, security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}の[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}が[追加]{ついか:addition:N3}されました。つまり、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}はどのような[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}を[講じて]{こうじて:to take (measures):N2}いるかを[公表]{こうひょう:public announcement:N3}しなければなりません。[例えば]{たとえば:for example:N3}、[組織的]{そしきてき:organizational:N1}[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}、[人的]{じんてき:personnel-related:N4}[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}、[物理的]{ぶつりてき:physical:N4}[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}、[技術的]{ぎじゅつてき:technical:N2}[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}の[概要]{がいよう:outline:N1}を[開示]{かいじ:disclose:N3}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nThe 2022 amendment newly added (f) the content of security management measures to the list of items to be made known. In other words, business operators must publicly disclose what security management measures they have taken — for example, an outline of organizational, personnel-related, physical, and technical security management measures.\n::\n\n::para\n[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}の[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}としては、[自社]{じしゃ:own company:N4}ウェブサイトへの[掲載]{けいさい:publication:N1}、[事務所]{じむしょ:office:N3}への[掲示]{けいじ:posting:N1}、パンフレットの[配布]{はいふ:distribution:N2}などが[認められ]{みとめられ:permitted:N3}ています。[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}なのは、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[容易]{ようい:easily:N3}に[知り]{しり:to know:N4}[得る]{うる:to be able to:N3}[状態]{じょうたい:state:N1}であることが[求められ]{もとめられ:required:N3}る[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[単に]{たんに:merely:N3}[社内]{しゃない:within the company:N3}[文書]{ぶんしょ:document:N4}として[保管]{ほかん:storage:N1}するだけでは[不十分]{ふじゅうぶん:insufficient:N4}です。\n\n#en\nAcceptable methods for making information known include publication on the company website, posting at the office, and distributing pamphlets. The key point is that the information must be in a state where the individual can easily learn of it — merely storing it as an internal document is insufficient.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[対策]{たいさく:preparation:N1}：[法]{ほう:law:N3}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}1[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}の[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}は（a）〜（f）の6つ。2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[追加]{ついか:added:N3}された（f）[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}の[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}は[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently tested:N1}です。「[代表者]{だいひょうしゃ:representative:N3}の[氏名]{しめい:name:N1}」も[従来]{じゅうらい:previously:N1}の[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[追加]{ついか:added:N3}された[点]{てん:point:N3}に[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}。\n\n#en\nExam tip: There are 6 items (a)-(f) to be made known under Art. 32(1). Item (f) — content of security management measures — was added by the 2022 amendment and is frequently tested. Also note that \"representative's name\" was added by a prior amendment.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}2-3[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}：[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}の[求め]{もとめ:request:N3}\n\n#en\nArticle 32(2)-(3): Requesting notification of the purpose of use\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}2[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}により、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}は[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}、[自己]{じこ:self:N1}の[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}を[求める]{もとめる:to request:N3}ことができます。[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は、この[求め]{もとめ:request:N3}を[受けた]{うけた:received:N3}ときは、[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}に[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}しなければなりません。「[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく」とは、[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}のない[遅れ]{おくれ:delay:N3}なくという[意味]{いみ:meaning:N4}であり、[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}な[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[内]{ない:within:N3}に[対応]{たいおう:to respond:N1}することが[求められ]{もとめられ:required:N3}ます。\n\n#en\nUnder Article 32, Paragraph 2, individuals can request the business operator to notify them of the purpose of use of their retained personal data. The operator must notify the individual without delay upon receiving this request. \"Without delay\" means without unreasonable delay — the operator is required to respond within a reasonable period.\n::\n\n::para\nただし、[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}3[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}は、[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}を[拒否]{きょひ:refuse:N1}できる[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}を[定めて]{さだめて:stipulate:N3}います。（a）[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}がすでに[公表]{こうひょう:publicly announced:N3}されている[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、（b）[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}することにより[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}[又]{また:or:N1}は[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[利益]{りえき:interest:N1}を[害する]{がいする:to harm:N3}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、（c）[国]{くに:country, government:N5}の[機関]{きかん:agency:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}が[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations:N2}の[定める]{さだめる:stipulate:N3}[事務]{じむ:affairs:N3}を[遂行]{すいこう:carry out:N1}するのに[支障]{ししょう:hindrance:N1}を[及ぼす]{およぼす:to cause:N1}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}。[拒否]{きょひ:refusal:N1}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}にその[旨]{むね:effect, purport:N1}を[通知]{つうち:notify:N4}しなければなりません。\n\n#en\nHowever, Article 32, Paragraph 3 provides exceptions where notification may be refused: (a) when the purpose of use has already been publicly announced; (b) when notification would risk harming the rights or interests of the individual or a third party; (c) when it would impede government agencies in carrying out duties prescribed by law. When the operator declines, the individual must be notified of that decision.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}33[条]{じょう:article:N1}：[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}\n\n#en\nArticle 33: Disclosure requests\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}33[条]{じょう:article:N1}は、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}、[自己]{じこ:self:N1}の[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}する[権利]{けんり:right:N3}を[定めて]{さだめて:stipulate:N3}います。これは[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データに[関する]{かんする:regarding:N3}[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}の[中]{なか:among:N5}でも[最]{もっと:most:N3}も[基本的]{きほんてき:fundamental:N1}な[権利]{けんり:right:N3}であり、[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}でも[頻繁]{ひんぱん:frequently:N1}に[出題]{しゅつだい:to appear as a question:N4}されます。\n\n#en\nArticle 33 establishes the individual's right to request disclosure of their retained personal data from the business operator. This is the most fundamental right among the individual's rights regarding retained personal data, and it is tested very frequently on the exam.\n::\n\n::para\n2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}[前]{まえ:before:N5}は、[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}の[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}は[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}として[書面]{しょめん:written document:N3}の[交付]{こうふ:delivery, issuance:N3}に[限られて]{かぎられて:limited to:N3}いました。しかし、[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}[後]{ご:after:N5}は、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[電磁的]{でんじてき:electromagnetic:N1}[記録]{きろく:record:N2}（デジタルデータ）による[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}を[含む]{ふくむ:to include:N2}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}を[指定]{してい:designate:N3}できるようになりました。[例えば]{たとえば:for example:N3}、CSVファイル、[電子]{でんし:electronic:N5}メールへの[添付]{てんぷ:attachment:N1}、ウェブ[上]{じょう:on:N5}でのダウンロードなどの[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}が[考えられ]{かんがえられ:conceivable:N4}ます。これはデータポータビリティの[実現]{じつげん:realization:N3}に[向けた]{むけた:toward:N3}[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[一歩]{いっぽ:a step:N4}です。\n\n#en\nBefore the 2022 amendment, disclosure was in principle limited to delivery in written form. However, after the amendment, individuals can now specify a method that includes provision via electromagnetic records (digital data) — for example, CSV files, email attachments, or web downloads. This is an important step toward realizing data portability.\n::\n\n::para\n[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}として、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[指定]{してい:designate:N3}した[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}により[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}しなければなりません。ただし、[当該]{とうがい:said, the relevant:N1}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}による[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}に[多額]{たがく:large amount:N2}の[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}を[要する]{ようする:to require:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}その[他]{た:other:N3}[当該]{とうがい:said:N1}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}による[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}が[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[書面]{しょめん:written document:N3}の[交付]{こうふ:delivery:N3}による[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}で[開示]{かいじ:disclose:N3}できます。\n\n#en\nIn principle, the business operator must disclose via the method specified by the individual. However, if disclosure by that method would require excessive costs or is otherwise difficult, the operator may disclose by delivering a written document instead.\n::\n\n::para\n[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}を[拒否]{きょひ:refuse:N1}できる[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}も[法定]{ほうてい:legally prescribed:N3}されています。（a）[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}[又]{また:or:N1}は[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}の[生命]{せいめい:life:N3}・[身体]{しんたい:body:N4}・[財産]{ざいさん:property:N3}その[他]{た:other:N3}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[利益]{りえき:interest:N1}を[害する]{がいする:to harm:N3}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、（b）[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}の[業務]{ぎょうむ:business operations:N3}の[適正]{てきせい:proper:N3}な[実施]{じっし:implementation:N1}に[著しい]{いちじるしい:significantly:N2}[支障]{ししょう:hindrance:N1}を[及ぼす]{およぼす:to cause:N1}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、（c）[他]{た:other:N3}の[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations:N2}に[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}することとなる[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}。[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}しない[旨]{むね:effect:N1}の[決定]{けってい:decision:N3}をしたときは、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}にその[旨]{むね:effect:N1}を[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく[通知]{つうち:notify:N4}し、[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}を[説明]{せつめい:explain:N3}しなければなりません。\n\n#en\nThere are also legally prescribed grounds for refusing disclosure: (a) when it would risk harming the life, body, property, or other rights\u002Finterests of the individual or a third party; (b) when it would significantly impede the proper conduct of business operations; (c) when it would violate other laws or regulations. When the operator decides not to disclose, the individual must be notified without delay and given the reasons.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently tested:N1}：2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}の[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}が「[書面]{しょめん:written:N3}[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}」から「[本人]{ほんにん:individual:N5}[指定]{してい:designate:N3}[方式]{ほうしき:method:N3}」に[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}。[電磁的]{でんじてき:electromagnetic:N1}[記録]{きろく:record:N2}による[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}が[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}になった[点]{てん:point:N3}は[必ず]{かならず:definitely:N3}[押さえる]{おさえる:to grasp:N3}こと。[拒否]{きょひ:refusal:N1}[事由]{じゆう:grounds:N3}3つの[暗記]{あんき:memorization:N3}も[必須]{ひっす:essential:N1}。\n\n#en\nFrequently tested: The 2022 amendment changed the disclosure method from \"written form by default\" to \"method designated by the individual.\" The point that disclosure via electromagnetic records is now possible is a must-know. Memorizing the 3 grounds for refusal is also essential.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}34[条]{じょう:article:N1}：[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}\n\n#en\nArticle 34: Requests for correction, etc.\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}34[条]{じょう:article:N1}は、[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}が[事実]{じじつ:fact:N3}と[異なる]{ことなる:to differ:N1}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}・[追加]{ついか:addition:N3}・[削除]{さくじょ:deletion:N1}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}できる[権利]{けんり:right:N3}を[規定]{きてい:provide, stipulate:N3}しています。ここで[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}すべきは、「[事実]{じじつ:fact:N3}と[異なる]{ことなる:differ:N1}」ことが[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}である[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[単]{たん:mere:N3}なる[評価]{ひょうか:evaluation:N1}や[意見]{いけん:opinion:N4}の[相違]{そうい:disagreement:N3}では[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}にはなりません。\n\n#en\nArticle 34 provides the right for individuals to request correction, addition, or deletion when the content of retained personal data differs from the facts. An important point is that \"differing from the facts\" is a requirement — mere differences in evaluation or opinion do not qualify as grounds for a correction request.\n::\n\n::para\n[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}を[受けた]{うけた:received:N3}ときは、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[達成]{たっせい:achievement:N3}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}で[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[調査]{ちょうさ:investigation:N2}を[行い]{おこない:carry out:N5}、その[結果]{けっか:result:N1}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}を[行わなければ]{おこなわなければ:must carry out:N5}なりません。「[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[達成]{たっせい:achievement:N3}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}」という[限定]{げんてい:limitation:N3}がかかる[点]{てん:point:N3}は[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}です。[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}を[行った]{おこなった:carried out:N5}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}も[行わなかった]{おこなわなかった:did not carry out:N5}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}も、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}に[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく[通知]{つうち:notify:N4}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nUpon receiving a request, the business operator must promptly investigate within the scope necessary to achieve the purpose of use, and carry out correction etc. based on the results. The important point is the limitation \"within the scope necessary for achieving the purpose of use.\" Whether or not correction is carried out, the individual must be notified without delay.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}35[条]{じょう:article:N1}：[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}（2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[拡大]{かくだい:expanded:N1}）\n\n#en\nArticle 35: Requests for cessation of use, etc. (expanded by 2022 amendment)\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}35[条]{じょう:article:N1}は[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[権]{けん:right:N3}について[定めて]{さだめて:stipulate:N3}います。[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}[前]{まえ:before:N5}の[旧法]{きゅうほう:old law:N2}では、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}できるのは[限定的]{げんていてき:limited:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}のみでした。[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specifically:N3}には、[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}18[条]{じょう:article:N1}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}（[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside the purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}）[又]{また:or:N1}は[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}20[条]{じょう:article:N1}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}（[不正]{ふせい:improper:N4}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}）の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に[限られて]{かぎられて:limited to:N3}いました。\n\n#en\nArticle 35 governs the right to request cessation of use, etc. Under the old law before amendment, the right to request cessation was limited to specific cases — namely, violation of Article 18 (use beyond purpose) or violation of Article 20 (improper acquisition).\n::\n\n::para\n2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}により、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[権]{けん:right:N3}は[大幅]{おおはば:significantly:N2}に[拡大]{かくだい:expansion:N1}されました。[新た]{あらた:new:N4}に[追加]{ついか:addition:N3}された[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[事由]{じゆう:grounds:N3}は[次]{つぎ:the following:N3}の3つです。（1）[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データを[利用]{りよう:use:N3}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}がなくなった[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}。（2）[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}26[条]{じょう:article:N1}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}1[項]{こう:paragraph:N1}に[規定]{きてい:stipulate:N3}する[漏洩]{ろうえい:breach:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}が[生じた]{しょうじた:occurred:N5}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}。（3）その[他]{た:other:N3}[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[又]{また:or:N1}は[正当]{せいとう:legitimate:N3}な[利益]{りえき:interest:N1}が[害される]{がいされる:to be harmed:N3}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}。\n\n#en\nThe 2022 amendment significantly expanded the right to request cessation of use. Three new grounds were added: (1) when the retained personal data is no longer needed; (2) when a breach as prescribed in Article 26, Paragraph 1 has occurred; (3) when the rights or legitimate interests of the individual may otherwise be harmed.\n::\n\n::para\nさらに、[同]{どう:the same:N4}じ[拡大]{かくだい:expanded:N1}された[事由]{じゆう:grounds:N3}に[基づいて]{もとづいて:based on:N1}、[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}の[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}も[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}できます。つまり、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}は[自己]{じこ:self:N1}の[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データが[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}に[提供]{ていきょう:provide:N1}されることを[止める]{とめる:to stop:N4}ことも[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}できるのです。[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}に[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}があると[認めた]{みとめた:recognized:N3}ときは、[遅滞]{ちたい:delay:N1}なく[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}を[行わなければ]{おこなわなければ:must carry out:N5}なりません。\n\n#en\nFurthermore, cessation of third-party provision can also be requested based on the same expanded grounds. In other words, individuals can also request that the provision of their retained personal data to third parties be stopped. When the operator finds the request to be justified, it must carry out cessation of use, etc. without delay.\n::\n\n::callout\n2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[権]{けん:right:N3}が[大幅]{おおはば:significantly:N2}に[拡大]{かくだい:expanded:N1}。[旧法]{きゅうほう:old law:N2}：[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article:N1}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}（[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}）＋[法]{ほう:law:N3}20[条]{じょう:article:N1}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}（[不正]{ふせい:improper:N4}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}）のみ。[新法]{しんぽう:new law:N3}：上の2つ＋（1）[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary:N3}になった、（2）[漏洩]{ろうえい:breach:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}が[発生]{はっせい:occurred:N4}、（3）[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[利益]{りえき:interest:N1}[侵害]{しんがい:infringement:N1}のおそれ。[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}にも[同様]{どうよう:similarly:N3}に[適用]{てきよう:apply:N3}。[最]{もっと:most:N3}も[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}ポイントの一つ。\n\n#en\nThe 2022 amendment significantly expanded the right to request cessation of use. Old law: only Art. 18 violation (use beyond purpose) + Art. 20 violation (improper acquisition). New law: those two PLUS (1) data no longer needed, (2) breach occurred, (3) risk of harm to rights\u002Finterests. Also applies to cessation of third-party provision. One of the most important amendment points.\n::\n\n::para\n[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}に[多額]{たがく:large amount:N2}の[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}を[要する]{ようする:to require:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}その[他]{た:other:N3}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}を[行う]{おこなう:carry out:N5}ことが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[利益]{りえき:interest:N1}を[保護]{ほご:protect:N1}するための[代替]{だいたい:alternative:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}を[講じる]{こうじる:to take (measures):N2}ことで[対応]{たいおう:respond:N1}できます。[例えば]{たとえば:for example:N3}、[該当]{がいとう:relevant:N1}データへのアクセス[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}を[強化]{きょうか:strengthen:N3}するなどの[措置]{そち:measure:N1}が[考えられ]{かんがえられ:conceivable:N4}ます。\n\n#en\nWhen cessation of use would require excessive costs or is otherwise difficult, the business operator may respond by taking alternative measures to protect the rights and interests of the individual. For example, strengthening access restrictions on the relevant data may be considered.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}37-38[条]{じょう:article:N1}：[手続]{てつづき:procedure:N3}と[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}\n\n#en\nArticles 37-38: Procedures and fees\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}37[条]{じょう:article:N1}は、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}を[受け付ける]{うけつける:to accept:N3}[手続]{てつづき:procedure:N3}を[定める]{さだめる:to establish:N3}ことを[認めて]{みとめて:to permit:N3}います。[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specifically:N3}に[定める]{さだめる:to establish:N3}ことができる[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}は、（a）[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}の[申出]{もうしで:filing:N3}[先]{さき:destination:N5}（[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}）、（b）[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}[確認]{かくにん:verification:N3}のために[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}（[身分]{みぶん:identification:N4}[証明書]{しょうめいしょ:certificate:N1}など）、（c）[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}となる[保有]{ほゆう:retention:N1}[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[特定]{とくてい:specification:N3}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}です。\n\n#en\nArticle 37 permits business operators to establish procedures for accepting requests such as disclosure. Specifically, they can prescribe: (a) where and how to submit requests; (b) documents necessary for identity verification (such as identification certificates); (c) information necessary to specify the retained personal data in question.\n::\n\n::para\nただし、[手続]{てつづき:procedure:N3}の[定め]{さだめ:establishment:N3}は[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}に[過重]{かじゅう:excessive:N3}な[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}を[課す]{かす:to impose:N2}ものであってはなりません。[例えば]{たとえば:for example:N3}、[遠方]{えんぽう:distant place:N3}の[特定]{とくてい:specific:N3}の[窓口]{まどぐち:counter:N3}でしか[受け付け]{うけつけ:accept:N3}ないとか、[不必要]{ふひつよう:unnecessary:N3}に[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}を[求める]{もとめる:to request:N3}ことは[許され]{ゆるされ:to be permitted:N3}ません。[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[容易]{ようい:easily:N3}にかつ[的確]{てきかく:accurately:N3}に[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}できる[環境]{かんきょう:environment:N1}を[整備]{せいび:prepare:N1}することが[求められ]{もとめられ:required:N3}ます。\n\n#en\nHowever, the established procedures must not impose an excessive burden on individuals. For example, only accepting requests at a specific distant counter, or requiring an unnecessarily large number of documents, is not permitted. Operators are required to create an environment where individuals can make requests easily and accurately.\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}38[条]{じょう:article:N1}は、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}を[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect:N1}できることを[認めて]{みとめて:to permit:N3}います。ただし、[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}は[実費]{じっぴ:actual cost:N3}を[勘案]{かんあん:in consideration of:N1}して[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}であると[認められる]{みとめられる:recognized:N3}[範囲]{はんい:range:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}でなければなりません。[過大]{かだい:excessive:N3}な[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}を[設定]{せってい:set:N2}することで[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[行使]{こうし:exercise:N4}を[事実上]{じじつじょう:de facto:N3}[妨げる]{さまたげる:to hinder:N1}ことは[許され]{ゆるされ:to be permitted:N3}ません。\n\n#en\nArticle 38 permits business operators to collect fees for requests such as disclosure. However, the fees must be within a range recognized as reasonable considering actual costs. Setting excessive fees that would de facto hinder the exercise of the individual's rights is not permitted.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}：[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}が[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect:N1}できるのは[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}の[求め]{もとめ:request:N3}に[限られ]{かぎられ:limited to:N3}ます。[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}・[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}の[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}には[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}を[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect:N1}できません。この[区別]{くべつ:distinction:N2}は[出題]{しゅつだい:appear on exam:N4}されやすいポイントです。\n\n#en\nExam caution: Fees can only be collected for disclosure requests and requests for notification of the purpose of use. Fees cannot be collected for correction or cessation-of-use requests. This distinction is a point that easily appears on the exam.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}39[条]{じょう:article:N1}：[裁判上]{さいばんじょう:judicial:N1}の[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}の[事前]{じぜん:prior:N4}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}\n\n#en\nArticle 39: Pre-litigation request requirement\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}39[条]{じょう:article:N1}は、[裁判上]{さいばんじょう:judicial:N1}の[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}に[関する]{かんする:regarding:N3}[事前]{じぜん:prior:N4}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}を[定めて]{さだめて:stipulate:N3}います。[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}が[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}・[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}・[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}について[裁判]{さいばん:trial, court:N1}を[起こす]{おこす:to file:N4}には、まず[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}を[行わなければ]{おこなわなければ:must carry out:N5}なりません。いきなり[裁判所]{さいばんしょ:court:N1}に[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}を[提起]{ていき:to file:N1}することはできません。\n\n#en\nArticle 39 establishes the pre-litigation request system. Before an individual can file a lawsuit regarding disclosure, correction, or cessation of use, they must first make a request to the business operator. They cannot file directly with the court.\n::\n\n::para\n[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specifically:N3}には、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}への[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}の[日]{ひ:day:N5}から2[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}を[経過]{けいか:passage:N3}した[後]{のち:after:N5}でなければ[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}を[提起]{ていき:to file:N1}できません。この2[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}は、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[自主的]{じしゅてき:voluntary:N4}に[対応]{たいおう:respond:N1}する[機会]{きかい:opportunity:N3}を[与える]{あたえる:to give:N3}[趣旨]{しゅし:intent:N1}です。もちろん、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}から[不満足]{ふまんぞく:unsatisfactory:N3}な[回答]{かいとう:response:N3}を[受けた]{うけた:received:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}にも[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}を[提起]{ていき:to file:N1}できます。\n\n#en\nSpecifically, the individual cannot file suit until 2 weeks have elapsed from the date of the request to the business operator. This 2-week period is intended to give the operator an opportunity to respond voluntarily. Of course, if the individual receives an unsatisfactory response, they can also file suit.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}[対策]{たいさく:preparation:N1}：[法]{ほう:law:N3}39[条]{じょう:article:N1}の[事前]{じぜん:prior:N4}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}では「2[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}」という[数字]{すうじ:number:N3}が[問われ]{とわれ:to be asked:N4}ます。また、[訴え]{うったえ:lawsuit:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}は[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}・[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}・[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}のすべてである[点]{てん:point:N3}に[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}。\n\n#en\nExam tip: The pre-litigation request system under Art. 39 asks about the \"2 weeks\" figure. Also note that the lawsuit can cover all of disclosure, correction, and cessation of use.\n::\n\n::heading\n[全体]{ぜんたい:entire:N3}の[整理]{せいり:organization:N1}：[権利]{けんり:right:N3}[行使]{こうし:exercise:N4}の[流れ]{ながれ:flow:N3}\n\n#en\nOverall summary: Flow of exercising rights\n::\n\n::para\n[第]{だい:ordinal prefix:N1}6[編]{へん:section:N2}[全体]{ぜんたい:entire:N3}を[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}すると、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}の[権利]{けんり:right:N3}は[次]{つぎ:the following:N3}の[流れ]{ながれ:flow:N3}で[行使]{こうし:exercise:N4}されます。まず[法]{ほう:law:N3}32[条]{じょう:article:N1}で[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}を[求め]{もとめ:request:N3}、[法]{ほう:law:N3}33[条]{じょう:article:N1}で[開示]{かいじ:disclosure:N3}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}し、[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}に[問題]{もんだい:problem:N4}があれば[法]{ほう:law:N3}34[条]{じょう:article:N1}で[訂正]{ていせい:correction:N1}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}し、[不当]{ふとう:unjust:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}があれば[法]{ほう:law:N3}35[条]{じょう:article:N1}で[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[停止]{ていし:cessation:N2}を[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}し、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が[応じなければ]{おうじなければ:if does not comply:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}39[条]{じょう:article:N1}で[裁判]{さいばん:court:N1}に[訴える]{うったえる:to sue:N1}という[構造]{こうぞう:structure:N2}です。\n\n#en\nOrganizing Section 6 as a whole: individual rights are exercised in the following flow. First, under Art. 32, request public notice and notification of purpose of use; under Art. 33, request disclosure; if the content has problems, request correction under Art. 34; if there is improper use, request cessation under Art. 35; and if the operator does not comply, file a lawsuit under Art. 39.\n::\n",{"id":191,"title":197,"titleEn":198,"topicPath":199,"questions":200},"第６編 保有個人データに関する義務 確認テスト","Chapter 6: Obligations Regarding Retained Personal Data — Practice Test","software\u002Fkojin-joho-hogo\u002Fkadai-1\u002Fhen-06-hoyu-kojin-data",[201,230,255,279,303],{"id":202,"articleId":203,"question":204,"options":207,"correctLabel":221,"explanation":224,"tags":227},"kjh-k1-h06-q01","kjh-k1-h08-tokumei-kakou",{"en":205,"jp":206},"Which of the following is NOT included in the publication obligation for retained personal data (Article 32)?","[保有]{ほゆう:retained}[個人]{こじん:personal}データに[関]{かん:related}する[公表]{こうひょう:publication}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}（[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}32[条]{じょう:article}）に[含]{ふく:included}まれないものはどれか。",[208,212,216,220],{"label":209,"jp":210,"en":211},"ア","[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator}の[氏名]{しめい:name}[又]{また:or}は[名称]{めいしょう:title}","Name or title of the business operator",{"label":213,"jp":214,"en":215},"イ","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}","Purpose of use",{"label":217,"jp":218,"en":219},"ウ","[安全]{あんぜん:safety}[管理]{かんり:management}[措置]{そち:measures}の[内容]{ないよう:content}","Content of safety management measures",{"label":221,"jp":222,"en":223},"エ","[保有]{ほゆう:retained}する[個人]{こじん:personal}データの[件数]{けんすう:count}","Count of retained personal data",{"en":225,"jp":226},"Publication items under Article 32 include the business operator's name, purpose of use, safety management measures (added in 2020 amendment), and request procedures. The count of data is not included in the publication obligation.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}32[条]{じょう:article}の[公表]{こうひょう:publication}[事項]{じこう:items}には[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator}の[名称]{めいしょう:title}、[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}、[安全]{あんぜん:safety}[管理]{かんり:management}[措置]{そち:measures}（2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}で[追加]{ついか:added}）、[請求]{せいきゅう:request}[手続]{てつづき:procedure}などが[含]{ふく:included}まれる。データの[件数]{けんすう:count}は[公表]{こうひょう:publication}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}に[含]{ふく:included}まれない。",[228,229],"公表義務","32条",{"id":231,"articleId":6,"question":232,"options":235,"correctLabel":213,"explanation":248,"tags":251},"kjh-k1-h06-q02",{"en":233,"jp":234},"Which of the following correctly describes a change to disclosure requests (Article 33) in the 2020 amendment?","[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}（[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}33[条]{じょう:article}）の2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}での[変更点]{へんこうてん:change}として[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[236,239,242,245],{"label":209,"jp":237,"en":238},"[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[請求権]{せいきゅうけん:right to request}が[廃止]{はいし:abolished}された","The right to request disclosure was abolished",{"label":213,"jp":240,"en":241},"[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}の[方法]{ほうほう:method}として[電磁的]{でんじてき:electronic}[記録]{きろく:record}の[提供]{ていきょう:provision}が[追加]{ついか:added}された","Provision of electronic records was added as a disclosure method",{"label":217,"jp":243,"en":244},"[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}が[無料]{むりょう:free}[化]{か:made}された","Disclosure fees were made free",{"label":221,"jp":246,"en":247},"[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[対象]{たいしょう:subject}が[個人]{こじん:personal}データに[限定]{げんてい:limited}された","Disclosure subjects were limited to personal data",{"en":249,"jp":250},"The 2020 amendment allowed individuals to specify the method of disclosure, adding provision of electronic records (digital data). This enabled disclosure through methods other than written documents.","2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}で、[本人]{ほんにん:individual}が[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}の[方法]{ほうほう:method}を[指定]{してい:specify}できるようになり、[電磁的]{でんじてき:electronic}[記録]{きろく:record}（デジタルデータ）での[提供]{ていきょう:provision}が[追加]{ついか:added}された。これにより[書面]{しょめん:written document}[以外]{いがい:other than}の[方法]{ほうほう:method}でも[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}を[受]{う:receive}けられるようになった。",[252,253,254],"開示請求","33条","デジタル対応",{"id":256,"articleId":6,"question":257,"options":260,"correctLabel":213,"explanation":273,"tags":276},"kjh-k1-h06-q03",{"en":258,"jp":259},"Which of the following is correct about correction requests (Article 34)?","[訂正]{ていせい:correction}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}（[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}34[条]{じょう:article}）について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[261,264,267,270],{"label":209,"jp":262,"en":263},"[内容]{ないよう:content}が[事実]{じじつ:fact}でなくても[訂正]{ていせい:correction}に[応]{おう:respond}じる[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}はない","There is no obligation to respond to corrections even if the content is not factual",{"label":213,"jp":265,"en":266},"[内容]{ないよう:content}が[事実]{じじつ:fact}でない[場合]{ばあい:case}、[訂正]{ていせい:correction}・[追加]{ついか:addition}・[削除]{さくじょ:deletion}を[行]{おこな:perform}う[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}がある","When the content is not factual, there is an obligation to correct, add, or delete",{"label":217,"jp":268,"en":269},"[訂正]{ていせい:correction}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}は[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}を[経]{へ:go through}ずに[行]{おこな:perform}うことはできない","Correction requests cannot be made without going through a disclosure request",{"label":221,"jp":271,"en":272},"[訂正]{ていせい:correction}の[結果]{けっか:result}を[本人]{ほんにん:individual}に[通知]{つうち:notify}する[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}はない","There is no obligation to notify the individual of correction results",{"en":274,"jp":275},"Article 34 requires correction, addition, or deletion within the scope necessary to achieve the purpose of use when the content of retained personal data is not factual. Notification of results is also required.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}34[条]{じょう:article}は、[保有]{ほゆう:retained}[個人]{こじん:personal}データの[内容]{ないよう:content}が[事実]{じじつ:fact}でないときは、[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}の[達成]{たっせい:achievement}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}な[範囲]{はんい:scope}で[訂正]{ていせい:correction}・[追加]{ついか:addition}・[削除]{さくじょ:deletion}を[行]{おこな:perform}う[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}がある。[結果]{けっか:result}の[通知]{つうち:notification}も[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}。",[277,278],"訂正請求","34条",{"id":280,"articleId":6,"question":281,"options":284,"correctLabel":213,"explanation":297,"tags":300},"kjh-k1-h06-q04",{"en":282,"jp":283},"Which of the following is correct about the right to request cessation of use expanded in the 2020 amendment?","2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}で[拡大]{かくだい:expanded}された[利用]{りよう:use}[停止]{ていし:cessation}[請求権]{せいきゅうけん:right to request}について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[285,288,291,294],{"label":209,"jp":286,"en":287},"[改正]{かいせい:amendment}[前]{まえ:before}は[利用]{りよう:use}[停止]{ていし:cessation}[請求権]{せいきゅうけん:right to request}が[存在]{そんざい:existed}しなかった","The right to request cessation did not exist before the amendment",{"label":213,"jp":289,"en":290},"[改正]{かいせい:amendment}[前]{まえ:before}は[目的]{もくてき:purpose}[外]{がい:outside}[利用]{りよう:use}・[不正]{ふせい:illegal}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition}のみが[請求]{せいきゅう:request}[事由]{じゆう:grounds}だったが、[改正]{かいせい:amendment}で「[利用]{りよう:use}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessity}がなくなった[場合]{ばあい:case}」等が[追加]{ついか:added}された","Before the amendment, only use beyond purpose and illegal acquisition were grounds; \"when use is no longer necessary\" etc. were added",{"label":217,"jp":292,"en":293},"[利用]{りよう:use}[停止]{ていし:cessation}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}は[裁判所]{さいばんしょ:court}を[通]{つう:through}じてのみ[可能]{かのう:possible}","Cessation requests are only possible through the court",{"label":221,"jp":295,"en":296},"[利用]{りよう:use}[停止]{ていし:cessation}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}に[応]{おう:respond}じるかは[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator}の[裁量]{さいりょう:discretion}","Responding to cessation requests is at the business operator's discretion",{"en":298,"jp":299},"Before the 2020 amendment, cessation requests were limited to cases of use beyond purpose or illegal acquisition. The amendment added cases where use is no longer necessary, where leakage has occurred, and where the individual's rights\u002Finterests may be harmed.","2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}[前]{まえ:before}の[利用]{りよう:use}[停止]{ていし:cessation}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}は[目的]{もくてき:purpose}[外]{がい:outside}[利用]{りよう:use}や[不正]{ふせい:illegal}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition}の[場合]{ばあい:case}に[限]{かぎ:limited}られていた。[改正]{かいせい:amendment}により、[利用]{りよう:use}の[必要]{ひつよう:necessity}がなくなった[場合]{ばあい:case}、[漏]{ろう:leak}えいが[生]{しょう:occurred}じた[場合]{ばあい:case}、[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[権利]{けんり:rights}・[利益]{りえき:interests}が[害]{がい:harmed}されるおそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case}が[追加]{ついか:added}された。",[301,302],"利用停止請求","2022改正",{"id":304,"articleId":6,"question":305,"options":308,"correctLabel":213,"explanation":321,"tags":324},"kjh-k1-h06-q05",{"en":306,"jp":307},"Which of the following is correct about fees for disclosure requests?","[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}の[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[309,312,315,318],{"label":209,"jp":310,"en":311},"[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}を[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect}することはできない","Fees cannot be collected",{"label":213,"jp":313,"en":314},"[実費]{じっぴ:actual cost}を[勘案]{かんあん:consider}して[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable}な[範囲]{はんい:scope}で[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}を[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect}できる","Fees can be collected within a reasonable range considering actual costs",{"label":217,"jp":316,"en":317},"[一律]{いちりつ:uniformly}1,000[円]{えん:yen}と[定]{さだ:determined}められている","It is uniformly set at 1,000 yen",{"label":221,"jp":319,"en":320},"[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}はPPCが[決定]{けってい:decide}する","Fees are decided by the PPC",{"en":322,"jp":323},"Business operators can collect fees within a range recognized as reasonable considering actual costs. The amount is not set by law and is determined by each business operator.","[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator}は[開示]{かいじ:disclosure}[請求]{せいきゅう:request}に[対]{たい:for}して、[実費]{じっぴ:actual cost}を[勘案]{かんあん:consider}して[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable}と[認]{みと:recognized}められる[範囲]{はんい:scope}で[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee}を[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collect}できる。[金額]{きんがく:amount}は[法]{ほう:law}で[定]{さだ:determined}められておらず、[各]{かく:each}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator}が[設定]{せってい:set}する。",[88,252]]