[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:keihin-hyouji":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":99,"quiz":100},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":98},"article","law-keihin-hyouji","keihin-hyouji","改正景品表示法とステマ規制 — マーケティングの法的注意点","The Amended Premiums and Representations Act and Stealth Marketing Regulation — Legal Pitfalls for Marketing Teams","law","Practical guide to Japan's Premiums and Representations Act (景品表示法 \u002F 景表法) for marketing, product, and engineering teams. Covers the three categories of unfair representations (優良誤認, 有利誤認, その他誤認 — Article 5), the Article 5 No. 3 designation that brings stealth marketing (ステマ) under regulation effective October 1, 2023, what counts as a \"representation by an advertiser that consumers cannot recognize as such,\" and the enforcement mechanisms — measure orders (措置命令) and the 3% surcharge (課徴金). Includes worked examples on influencer marketing, affiliates, employee social posts, and review manipulation.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Flaw-keihin-hyouji.png",[15,20,25,29,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66,70,74,78,82,86,90,94],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"景品","けいひん","premium","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":24},"表示","ひょうじ","representation","N2",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":19},"不当","ふとう","unfair",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":24},{"word":31,"reading":32,"meaning":33,"level":19},"優良","ゆうりょう","superior",{"word":35,"reading":36,"meaning":37,"level":19},"誤認","ごにん","misperception",{"word":39,"reading":40,"meaning":41,"level":24},"有利","ゆうり","advantageous",{"word":43,"reading":44,"meaning":45,"level":24},"消費者","しょうひしゃ","consumer",{"word":47,"reading":48,"meaning":49,"level":19},"消費者庁","しょうひしゃちょう","Consumer Affairs Agency",{"word":51,"reading":52,"meaning":53,"level":19},"措置命令","そちめいれい","measure order",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":19},"課徴金","かちょうきん","surcharge",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":19},"告示","こくじ","public notice",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":24},"広告","こうこく","advertisement",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":19},"事業者","じぎょうしゃ","business operator",{"word":71,"reading":72,"meaning":73,"level":19},"規制","きせい","regulation",{"word":75,"reading":76,"meaning":77,"level":19},"違反","いはん","violation",{"word":79,"reading":80,"meaning":81,"level":19},"関与","かんよ","involvement",{"word":83,"reading":84,"meaning":85,"level":19},"第三者","だいさんしゃ","third party",{"word":87,"reading":88,"meaning":89,"level":19},"認識","にんしき","recognition",{"word":91,"reading":92,"meaning":93,"level":19},"識別","しきべつ","distinguishing",{"word":95,"reading":96,"meaning":97,"level":19},"確約手続","かくやくてつづき","commitment procedure","law-chosaku-keihin-quiz","\n::heading\n[景品表示法]{けいひんひょうじほう:Premiums and Representations Act:N3}とは\n\n#en\nWhat is the Premiums and Representations Act?\n::\n\n::para\n[景品表示法]{けいひんひょうじほう:Premiums and Representations Act:N3}（[正式]{せいしき:formal:N3}[名称]{めいしょう:name:N1}：[不当]{ふとう:Unjustifiable:N3}[景品類]{けいひんるい:Premiums:N3}及び[不当]{ふとう:Misleading:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:Representations:N3}[防止法]{ぼうしほう:Prevention Act:N2}、[略称]{りゃくしょう:abbreviation:N1}：[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Premiums and Representations Act:N3}）は、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}の[利益]{りえき:interests:N1}を[保護]{ほご:protect:N1}するために[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[役務]{えきむ:services:N3}の[取引]{とりひき:transactions:N3}に[関する]{かんする:concerning:N3}[不当]{ふとう:unfair:N3}な[景品類]{けいひんるい:premiums:N3}及び[表示]{ひょうじ:representations:N3}を[規制]{きせい:regulate:N3}する[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}です。1962[年]{ねん:year:N5}に[制定]{せいてい:enacted:N3}され、[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}が[所管]{しょかん:jurisdiction:N2}しています。\n\n#en\nThe Premiums and Representations Act (formal name: Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations; abbreviated 景表法) regulates unfair premiums and representations concerning transactions in goods and services in order to protect consumer interests. Enacted in 1962, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Consumer Affairs Agency.\n::\n\n::para\n[同法]{どうほう:the Act:N3}の[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[構造]{こうぞう:structure:N2}は、[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[サービス]{:services}の[実態]{じったい:reality:N1}と[著しく]{いちじるしく:significantly:N2}[異なる]{ことなる:differ:N1}[表示]{ひょうじ:representations:N3}や、[過大]{かだい:excessive:N3}な[景品類]{けいひんるい:premiums:N3}の[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}を[禁止]{きんし:prohibit:N2}し、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}が[適正]{てきせい:proper:N3}な[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}で[商品]{しょうひん:products:N3}を[選択]{せんたく:choose:N1}できる[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}[環境]{かんきょう:environment:N1}を[守る]{まもる:protect:N3}ことです。[エンジニア]{:engineer}や[マーケティング]{:marketing}[担当]{たんとう:staff:N2}にとっては、[広告]{こうこく:advertisement:N3}・[ランディングページ]{:landing page}・[製品]{せいひん:product:N1}[ページ]{:page}・[キャンペーン]{:campaign}[施策]{しさく:initiatives:N1}など、[日常]{にちじょう:daily:N3}[業務]{ぎょうむ:work:N3}に[直結]{ちょっけつ:directly connected:N1}する[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}です。\n\n#en\nThe Act's basic structure prohibits representations that significantly differ from the reality of goods\u002Fservices and the provision of excessive premiums, in order to protect a market environment in which consumers can choose products with proper judgment. For engineers and marketing staff, it is a law directly connected to daily work — advertising, landing pages, product pages, and campaign initiatives.\n::\n\n::heading\n2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}の[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}[開始]{かいし:began:N4}と2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}\n\n#en\nThe October 2023 Stealth Marketing Regulation and the 2024 Amendment\n::\n\n::para\n[近年]{きんねん:recent years:N4}の[最大]{さいだい:largest:N3}の[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}は、2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}1[日]{にち:1st:N5}に[施行]{しこう:took effect:N1}された「[ステルスマーケティング]{:stealth marketing}（[ステマ]{:sutema}）の[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}」と、2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}に[施行]{しこう:enforced:N1}された[確約手続]{かくやくてつづき:commitment procedure:N3}の[導入]{どうにゅう:introduction:N2}（[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}[認定]{にんてい:before formal violation finding:N3}[前]{まえ:before:N5}に[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}が[改善]{かいぜん:improvement:N1}[計画]{けいかく:plan:N4}を[出して]{だして:submit:N5}[認定]{にんてい:approved:N3}されれば[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}・[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}を[受けない]{うけない:not receive:N3}）です。\n\n#en\nThe largest amendments in recent years are the regulation of stealth marketing that took effect on October 1, 2023, and the introduction of the commitment procedure enforced from October 2024 (under which a business can submit an improvement plan before a formal violation finding, and if the plan is approved, the business avoids measure orders and surcharges).\n::\n\n::callout\n[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}＝[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}5[条]{じょう:Article:N1}3[号]{ごう:Item:N3}（「[その他]{そのほか:other:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}」）に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}[告示]{こくじ:designation:N3}「[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}が[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}の[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}であることを[判別]{はんべつ:distinguish:N3}することが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}である[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}」（[令和]{れいわ:Reiwa:N2}5[年]{ねん:year:N5}[内閣府]{ないかくふ:Cabinet Office:N1}[告示]{こくじ:Notice:N3}19[号]{ごう:No.:N3}）として[規制]{きせい:regulated:N3}。\n\n#en\nStealth marketing regulation = regulated based on Article 5 No. 3 (\"other misperception\") of the Act through Consumer Affairs Agency designation: \"Representations difficult for general consumers to distinguish as representations by the business operator\" (Cabinet Office Notice No. 19, Reiwa 5 \u002F 2023).\n::\n\n::heading\n[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}[5]{ご:Article 5}[条]{じょう::N1}の3[類型]{るいけい:categories:N2}（[不当]{ふとう:unfair:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:representations:N3}）\n\n#en\nThe Three Categories under Article 5 (Unfair Representations)\n::\n\n::para\n[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}5[条]{じょう:Article:N1}は、[不当]{ふとう:unfair:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:representations:N3}を3つの[類型]{るいけい:categories:N2}に[分けて]{わけて:divides into:N5}[禁止]{きんし:prohibits:N2}しています。それぞれの[要件]{ようけん:requirements:N3}と[典型]{てんけい:typical:N1}[例]{れい:examples:N3}を[理解]{りかい:understand:N3}することが、[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}の[基礎]{きそ:foundation:N1}になります。\n\n#en\nArticle 5 of the Act divides unfair representations into three categories and prohibits them. Understanding the requirements and typical examples of each forms the foundation for practical judgment.\n::\n\n::heading\n[5]{ご:Article 5}[条]{じょう::N1}1[号]{ごう:No. 1:N3} ＝ [優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}\n\n#en\nArticle 5 No. 1 = Misperception of Superiority\n::\n\n::para\n[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[サービス]{:services}の[品質]{ひんしつ:quality:N4}や[規格]{きかく:specifications:N3}など[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}について、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}のものよりも[著しく]{いちじるしく:significantly:N2}[優良]{ゆうりょう:superior:N3}であると[示す]{しめす:suggest:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}、または[事実]{じじつ:fact:N3}に[相違]{そうい:contrary to:N3}して[競争]{きょうそう:competing:N2}[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:businesses:N4}のものよりも[著しく]{いちじるしく:significantly:N2}[優良]{ゆうりょう:superior:N3}であると[示す]{しめす:suggest:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}が[禁止]{きんし:prohibited:N2}されます。[典型]{てんけい:typical:N1}[例]{れい:examples:N3}：「[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry:N4}[No.]{:No.}1」（[根拠]{こんきょ:basis:N1}なし）、[産地]{さんち:origin:N3}[偽装]{ぎそう:falsification:N1}、[実際]{じっさい:actually:N3}には[使われて]{つかわれて:used:N4}いない[原材料]{げんざいりょう:raw materials:N2}の[掲載]{けいさい:listing:N1}、[効果]{こうか:effects:N2}を[誇大]{こだい:exaggerate:N1}に[宣伝]{せんでん:advertising:N1}する[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[食品]{しょくひん:food:N4}など。\n\n#en\nRepresentations are prohibited that suggest goods\u002Fservices are significantly superior in content (quality, specifications, etc.) than they actually are, or — contrary to fact — significantly superior to those of competing businesses. Typical examples: \"Industry No. 1\" (without basis), origin falsification, listing raw materials not actually used, exaggerated advertising of effects for health foods, etc.\n::\n\n::callout\n[実務]{じつむ:practice:N3}[Tip]{:Tip}：「[No.1]{:No.1}」「[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry:N4}[最]{さい:most:N3}」「[第]{だい::N1}1[位]{い:rank:N3}」などの[最上級]{さいじょうきゅう:superlative:N1}[表示]{ひょうじ:representations:N3}を[使う]{つかう:use:N4}[際]{さい:when:N3}は、[客観的]{きゃっかんてき:objective:N3}な[調査]{ちょうさ:survey:N2}・[根拠]{こんきょ:basis:N1}が[必須]{ひっす:required:N1}。[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}は[不実]{ふじつ:no-substance:N3}[証明]{しょうめい:proof:N1}[制度]{せいど:provision:N3}（[7]{なな:Article 7}[条]{じょう::N1}2[項]{こう:Paragraph:N1}）により、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}に[15]{じゅうご:15}[日]{にち:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}の[根拠]{こんきょ:evidence:N1}[資料]{しりょう:materials:N3}[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}を[求められる]{もとめられる:can demand:N3}。[提出]{ていしゅつ:submitted:N1}しない、または[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}な[根拠]{こんきょ:basis:N1}が[認められない]{みとめられない:not recognized:N3}と、[優良]{ゆうりょう:superior:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}と[みなされる]{:deemed}（[不実]{ふじつ:no-substance:N3}[証明]{しょうめい:proof:N1}）。\n\n#en\nPractical tip: when using superlative representations like \"No. 1\" or \"industry best,\" objective surveys \u002F evidence are required. Through the substantiation system (Art. 7(2)), the Consumer Affairs Agency can demand the business submit evidence within 15 days. If not submitted, or if reasonable basis is not recognized, the representation is deemed misperception of superiority (substantiation system).\n::\n\n::heading\n[5]{ご:Article 5}[条]{じょう::N1}2[号]{ごう:No. 2:N3} ＝ [有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}\n\n#en\nArticle 5 No. 2 = Misperception of Advantageousness\n::\n\n::para\n[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[サービス]{:services}の[価格]{かかく:price:N1}や[取引]{とりひき:transaction:N3}[条件]{じょうけん:terms:N1}について、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}のものよりも[著しく]{いちじるしく:significantly:N2}[有利]{ゆうり:advantageous:N3}であると[示す]{しめす:suggest:N3}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}、または[競争]{きょうそう:competing:N2}[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:businesses:N4}と[比べて]{くらべて:compared to:N2}[著しく]{いちじるしく:significantly:N2}[有利]{ゆうり:advantageous:N3}であると[誤認]{ごにん:falsely impressing:N3}させる[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}が[禁止]{きんし:prohibited:N2}されます。[典型]{てんけい:typical:N1}[例]{れい:examples:N3}：[二重]{にじゅう:double:N4}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}（[元値]{もとね:original price:N3}を[偽る]{いつわる:falsify:N1}）、「[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[限定]{げんてい:limited:N3}」と[称し]{しょうし:claim:N1}つつ[常時]{じょうじ:always:N3}[セール]{:sale}、[実際]{じっさい:actually:N3}は[受けられない]{うけられない:not receivable:N3}[特典]{とくてん:bonus:N1}の[掲載]{けいさい:listing:N1}など。\n\n#en\nRepresentations are prohibited that suggest the price or transaction terms are significantly more advantageous than actual, or that falsely impress consumers as significantly more advantageous than competitors. Typical examples: double pricing (falsifying the original price), claiming \"limited time\" while running constant sales, listing bonuses that cannot actually be received, etc.\n::\n\n::heading\n[5]{ご:Article 5}[条]{じょう::N1}3[号]{ごう:No. 3:N3} ＝ [その他]{そのほか:other:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}（[告示]{こくじ:designated:N3}[類型]{るいけい:categories:N2}）\n\n#en\nArticle 5 No. 3 = Other Misperception (Designated Categories)\n::\n\n::para\n[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[役務]{えきむ:services:N3}の[取引]{とりひき:transactions:N3}に[関する]{かんする:concerning:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}について、[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}に[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}されるおそれがあると[認めて]{みとめて:recognized:N3}[内閣]{ないかく:Cabinet:N1}[総理]{そうり:Prime:N2}[大臣]{だいじん:Minister:N2}が[指定]{してい:designate:N3}するもの。[告示]{こくじ:designations:N3}は[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}[全]{ぜん:total:N3}6[つ]{つ:six}あり、[最新]{さいしん:latest:N3}は[第]{だい:No.:N1}5[告示]{こくじ:Designation:N3}＝[ステルスマーケティング]{:stealth marketing}（2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}1[日]{にち::N5}[施行]{しこう:took effect:N1}）。\n\n#en\nMatters concerning transactions in goods\u002Fservices that the Prime Minister has designated as likely to mislead general consumers. There are currently six designations in total, with the latest being Designation No. 5 = stealth marketing (effective October 1, 2023).\n::\n\n::callout\n[告示]{こくじ:designations:N3}[6]{ろっ:six}つ：①[無果汁]{むかじゅう:fruit-juice-free:N1}の[清涼飲料水]{せいりょういんりょうすい:soft drinks:N2}、②[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}の[原産国]{げんさんこく:country of origin:N3}、③[消費者信用]{しょうひしゃしんよう:consumer credit:N3}の[融資費用]{ゆうしひよう:loan costs:N1}、④[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}のおとり[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}、⑤おとり[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}（[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}）、⑥[ステルスマーケティング]{:stealth marketing}（2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}）。\n\n#en\nSix designations: (1) fruit-juice-free soft drinks; (2) product country of origin; (3) consumer credit loan costs; (4) real-estate bait-and-switch advertising; (5) bait-and-switch advertising (general); (6) stealth marketing (2023).\n::\n\n::heading\n[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}の[詳細]{しょうさい:details:N1}\n\n#en\nStealth Marketing Regulation in Detail\n::\n\n::para\n[ステルスマーケティング]{:stealth marketing}（[ステマ]{:sutema}）とは、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:businesses:N4}が[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}に[広告]{こうこく:advertisement:N3}であることを[隠して]{かくして:hide:N1}[宣伝]{せんでん:advertise:N1}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}を[指します]{さします:refers to:N3}。[告示]{こくじ:designation:N3}は、[規制]{きせい:regulated:N3}[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}を「[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が[自己]{じこ:own:N1}の[供給]{きょうきゅう:supplied:N3}する[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}[又は]{または:or:N1}[役務]{えきむ:services:N3}の[取引]{とりひき:transaction:N3}について[行う]{おこなう:make:N5}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}であって、[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}が[当該]{とうがい:said:N1}[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}であることを[判別]{はんべつ:distinguish:N3}することが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}であると[認められる]{みとめられる:recognized:N3}もの」と[定義]{ていぎ:defines:N1}しています。\n\n#en\nStealth marketing refers to acts in which a business advertises while hiding that it is an advertisement. The designation defines its scope as: \"Representations made by a business operator regarding transactions in goods or services that the operator supplies, where it is recognized as difficult for general consumers to distinguish as such a representation.\"\n::\n\n::callout\n2つの[要件]{ようけん:requirements:N3}：①「[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}の[表示]{ひょうじ:representation:N3}」であること（[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}の[関与]{かんよ:involvement:N3}が[認められる]{みとめられる:recognized:N3}＝[依頼]{いらい:request:N2}・[指示]{しじ:instructions:N3}・[対価]{たいか:compensation:N1}など）、②[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}が「[広告]{こうこく:advertisement:N3}」と[判別]{はんべつ:distinguish:N3}[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}であること（[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}[表記]{ひょうき:notation:N3}が[ない]{:absent}・[不明瞭]{ふめいりょう:unclear:N1}）。\n\n#en\nTwo requirements: (1) it must be a \"representation by the business\" (business involvement is recognized = request, instructions, compensation, etc.); (2) it must be difficult for consumers to distinguish as an \"advertisement\" (no advertising notation, or unclear notation).\n::\n\n::heading\n[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}の[関与]{かんよ:involvement:N3}とは\n\n#en\nWhat \"Business Involvement\" Means\n::\n\n::para\n[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}の[運用]{うんよう:operations:N4}[基準]{きじゅん:guidelines:N1}は、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}の[関与]{かんよ:involvement:N3}が[認められる]{みとめられる:recognized:N3}[典型]{てんけい:typical:N1}[類型]{るいけい:cases:N2}として[次]{つぎ:following:N3}を[挙げて]{あげて:lists:N1}います：[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}が[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}に[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}を[依頼]{いらい:request:N2}し[対価]{たいか:compensation:N1}を[支払う]{しはらう:pay:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[アフィリエイター]{:affiliater}に[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}を[委託]{いたく:outsource:N1}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}の[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee:N1}が[自社]{じしゃ:own company:N4}[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}を[業務]{ぎょうむ:in the course of duties:N3}として[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[ECサイト]{:EC site}に[サクラ]{:fake}[レビュー]{:review}を[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}させる[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}など。\n\n#en\nThe Consumer Affairs Agency's operational guidelines list typical cases where business involvement is recognized: when a business requests influencer posts and pays compensation; when advertising is outsourced to affiliates; when an employee posts about the company's product as part of their duties; when fake reviews are posted on EC sites; etc.\n::\n\n::callout\n**[関与]{かんよ:involvement:N3}が[認められない]{みとめられない:NOT recognized:N3}[ケース]{:case}**：[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}が[依頼]{いらい:request:N2}も[対価]{たいか:compensation:N1}も[渡して]{わたして:provided:N3}おらず、[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}が[完全]{かんぜん:purely:N3}に[自発的]{じはつてき:spontaneously:N4}に[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}した[感想]{かんそう:opinion:N3}・[レビュー]{:review}は[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}の[対象]{たいしょう:scope:N2}[外]{がい:outside:N5}。ただし[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}を[無償]{むしょう:free of charge:N1}で[提供]{ていきょう:provide:N1}した、[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}を[与えた]{あたえた:gave:N3}など[何らか]{なんらか:any:N5}の[便益]{べんえき:benefit:N1}があった[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[要]{よう:should:N3}[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}。\n\n#en\nCases where involvement is NOT recognized: spontaneous opinions\u002Freviews posted by a third party without any business request or compensation are outside the scope of stealth marketing regulation. However, caution is warranted if the business provided the product free of charge, gave discounts, or conferred any benefit.\n::\n\n::heading\n[判別]{はんべつ:distinguishing:N3}[困難]{こんなん:difficulty:N3}とは\n\n#en\nWhat Counts as \"Difficult to Distinguish\"\n::\n\n::para\n「[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}」「[PR]{:PR}」「[プロモーション]{:promotion}」「[宣伝]{せんでん:promotional:N1}」「[#PR]{:#PR}」「[#広告]{:#広告}」「[#プロモーション]{:#プロモーション}」など、[広告]{こうこく:advertisement:N3}であることが[明瞭]{めいりょう:clearly:N1}に[分かる]{わかる:visible:N5}[表示]{ひょうじ:notation:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}です。[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}は、[次]{つぎ:following:N3}のような[表示]{ひょうじ:notation:N3}は[不]{ふ:in:N4}[適切]{てきせつ:adequate:N3}とします：[文末]{ぶんまつ:end of post:N3}に[小さく]{ちいさく:small:N5}[書く]{かく:write:N5}、[ハッシュタグ]{:hashtag}の[海]{うみ:sea:N4}に[紛れ込ませる]{まぎれこませる:bury within:N1}、[英語]{えいご:English:N4}・[外国語]{がいこくご:foreign language:N5}のみで[表記]{ひょうき:notate:N3}する、[一部]{いちぶ:part:N3}が[隠れる]{かくれる:hidden:N1}[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}にする、など。\n\n#en\nNotations clearly indicating it is an advertisement are required: \"advertisement,\" \"PR,\" \"promotion,\" \"#PR,\" \"#広告,\" \"#プロモーション,\" etc. The Consumer Affairs Agency considers the following notations inadequate: writing in small text at the end of a post, burying within a sea of hashtags, notating only in English or other foreign languages, making posts where part is hidden, etc.\n::\n\n::callout\n[実務]{じつむ:practice:N3}[Tip]{:Tip}：[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}[マーケティング]{:marketing}を[実施]{じっし:conduct:N1}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}[冒頭]{ぼうとう:beginning:N1}に「[#PR]{:#PR}」「[#広告]{:#広告}」など[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers:N3}が[一目]{ひとめ:at a glance:N4}で[認識]{にんしき:recognize:N3}できる[表示]{ひょうじ:notation:N3}を[必須]{ひっす:required:N1}とし、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}・[ガイドライン]{:guideline}に[明記]{めいき:explicitly state:N3}してください。[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}[後]{ご:after:N5}の[モニタリング]{:monitoring}も[忘れず]{わすれず:do not forget:N3}に。\n\n#en\nPractical tip: when conducting influencer marketing, require notations like \"#PR\" or \"#広告\" at the BEGINNING of the post that consumers can recognize at a glance, and explicitly state this in contracts and guidelines. Don't forget post-publication monitoring.\n::\n\n::heading\n[誰]{だれ:who:N3}が[責任]{せきにん:liable:N3}を[負う]{おう:bears:N3}か\n\n#en\nWho Bears Responsibility\n::\n\n::para\n[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}の[責任]{せきにん:responsibility:N3}を[負う]{おう:bears:N3}のは、[投稿]{とうこう:posting:N1}した[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}や[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}ではなく、**[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}（[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}[主]{ぬし:sponsor:N4}）**[本人]{ほんにん:itself:N5}です。[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}や[アフィリエイター]{:affiliater}は[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}の[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}[外]{がい:outside:N5}（[ただし]{:however}、[他]{た:other:N3}の[法律]{ほうりつ:laws:N2}＝[薬機法]{やっきほう:Pharmaceutical Affairs Act:N3}、[特定]{とくてい:Specified:N3}[商]{しょう:Commercial:N3}[取引法]{とりひきほう:Transactions Act:N3}、[健康]{けんこう:Health:N1}[増進]{ぞうしん:Promotion:N3}[法]{ほう:Act:N3}などの[適用]{てきよう:application:N3}は[別]{べつ:separate:N4}）。\n\n#en\nResponsibility for stealth marketing violations falls not on the posting influencer or third party but on the business (advertiser) itself. Influencers and affiliates are outside the scope of regulation under the Premiums and Representations Act (separately, however, other laws — Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, Specified Commercial Transactions Act, Health Promotion Act — may apply).\n::\n\n::heading\n[制裁]{せいさい:sanctions:N1}：[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure orders:N1}と[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharges:N1}\n\n#en\nSanctions: Measure Orders and Surcharges\n::\n\n::para\n[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}に[違反]{いはん:violate:N3}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}（または[都道府県]{とどうふけん:prefectures:N2}）は[次]{つぎ:following:N3}の[行政]{ぎょうせい:administrative:N3}[処分]{しょぶん:dispositions:N3}を[行う]{おこなう:can issue:N5}ことができます。\n\n#en\nFor violations, the Consumer Affairs Agency (or prefectures) can issue the following administrative dispositions.\n::\n\n::callout\n[2]{ふた:two}つの[行政]{ぎょうせい:administrative:N3}[処分]{しょぶん:dispositions:N3}：①**[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}**（[7]{なな:Article 7}[条]{じょう::N1}）＝[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}[行為]{こうい:act:N1}の[差止め]{さしとめ:cease and desist:N3}、[再発]{さいはつ:recurrence:N2}[防止]{ぼうし:prevention:N2}、[周知]{しゅうち:public notice:N2}（[新聞]{しんぶん:newspaper:N4}[広告]{こうこく:advertisement:N3}など）を[命じる]{めいじる:order:N3}。[命令]{めいれい:order:N2}に[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}すると2[年]{ねん:years:N5}[以下]{いか:or less:N4}の[懲役]{ちょうえき:imprisonment:N1}または300[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[以下]{いか:or less:N4}の[罰金]{ばっきん:fine:N1}（46[条]{じょう:Article:N1}）。②**[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}**（[8]{はち:Article 8}[条]{じょう::N1}）＝[優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}・[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}を[行った]{おこなった:made:N5}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}に、[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}[商品]{しょうひん:goods:N3}・[役務]{えきむ:services:N3}の[売上]{うりあげ:sales:N4}[額]{がく:amount:N2}の**[3]{さん:3}%**を[課徴]{かちょう:imposed:N1}。[期間]{きかん:period:N3}は[最長]{さいちょう:up to:N3}3[年間]{ねんかん:3 years:N5}。\n\n#en\nTwo administrative dispositions: (1) Measure order (Art. 7) = order to cease the violating act, prevent recurrence, and provide public notice (newspaper ad, etc.). Violating the order = up to 2 years imprisonment or fine up to 3 million yen (Art. 46). (2) Surcharge (Art. 8) = imposed on businesses that made misperception of superiority\u002Fadvantageousness, at 3% of the sales of the relevant goods\u002Fservices. Maximum period: 3 years.\n::\n\n::callout\n[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}：[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}（[5]{ご:Art. 5}[条]{じょう::N1}3[号]{ごう:No. 3:N3}[告示]{こくじ:designation:N3}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}）は**[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}にはなる**が、**[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}にはならない**（[8]{はち:Art. 8}[条]{じょう::N1}は[5]{ご:Art. 5}[条]{じょう::N1}1[号]{ごう:No. 1:N3}・2[号]{ごう:No. 2:N3}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}に[限定]{げんてい:limited:N3}）。ただし、[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}が[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}や[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}に[該当]{がいとう:falls under:N1}すれば、[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}になり[得る]{える:can:N3}。\n\n#en\nImportant: stealth marketing (violation of Art. 5 No. 3 designation) IS subject to measure orders but NOT to surcharges (Art. 8 is limited to violations of Art. 5 No. 1 and No. 2). However, if the content simultaneously falls under misperception of superiority or advantageousness, surcharges can apply.\n::\n\n::heading\n[確約手続]{かくやくてつづき:commitment procedure:N3}（[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}[施行]{しこう:enforced:N1}）\n\n#en\nThe Commitment Procedure (Enforced October 2024)\n::\n\n::para\n2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}5[月]{がつ:May:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}された[確約手続]{かくやくてつづき:commitment procedure:N3}（26[条]{じょう:Article:N1}〜33[条]{じょう:Article:N1}）が、2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:October:N5}1[日]{にち:1st:N5}に[施行]{しこう:took effect:N1}されました。これは、[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}の[疑い]{うたがい:suspicion:N3}がある[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}が[自主]{じしゅ:voluntarily:N4}[的]{てき:-ly:N4}に[改善]{かいぜん:improvement:N1}[計画]{けいかく:plan:N4}（[確約]{かくやく:commitment:N3}[計画]{けいかく:plan:N4}）を[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}に[申請]{しんせい:apply:N1}し、[認定]{にんてい:approved:N3}されれば[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}・[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}にならない、という[制度]{せいど:system:N3}です。\n\n#en\nThe commitment procedure newly established by the May 2023 amendment (Art. 26–33) took effect on October 1, 2024. Under this system, businesses suspected of violations can voluntarily submit improvement plans (commitment plans) to the Consumer Affairs Agency, and if approved, they are not subject to measure orders or surcharges.\n::\n\n::callout\n[実務]{じつむ:practice:N3}[Tip]{:Tip}：[ペナルティ]{:penalty}を[避けたい]{さけたい:want to avoid:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}にとっては[非常]{ひじょう:extremely:N3}に[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[制度]{せいど:procedure:N3}。[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}の[疑い]{うたがい:suspicion:N3}を[受けたら]{うけたら:if you receive:N3}、[早期]{そうき:early:N3}に[弁護士]{べんごし:attorney:N1}と[相談]{そうだん:consult:N3}し、[確約]{かくやく:commitment:N3}[計画]{けいかく:plan:N4}の[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}を[検討]{けんとう:consider:N1}するのが[賢明]{けんめい:wise:N2}。ただし[全て]{すべて:all:N3}の[違反]{いはん:violations:N3}が[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}とは[限らない]{かぎらない:not necessarily:N3}（[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}の[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}による）。\n\n#en\nPractical tip: this is an extremely important procedure for businesses wanting to avoid penalties. If you face suspicion of a violation, it is wise to consult an attorney early and consider applying for a commitment plan. Note that not all violations are eligible (subject to the Consumer Affairs Agency's judgment).\n::\n\n::heading\n[実務]{じつむ:practice:N3}[ケース]{:case}[スタディ]{:study}\n\n#en\nPractical Case Studies\n::\n\n::para\n[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[エンフォースメント]{:enforcement}[事例]{じれい:cases:N3}を[把握]{はあく:understand:N1}することで、[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}の[感覚]{かんかく:sense:N3}を[養う]{やしなう:develop:N1}ことができます。[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう:Consumer Affairs Agency:N2}の[公表]{こうひょう:disclosure:N3}によれば、[年間]{ねんかん:annually:N5}30[件]{けん:cases:N3}〜50[件]{けん:cases:N3}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}の[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure orders:N1}が[出されて]{だされて:issued:N5}います。\n\n#en\nUnderstanding actual enforcement cases helps you develop the practical sense for judgment. According to Consumer Affairs Agency disclosures, approximately 30-50 measure orders are issued annually.\n::\n\n::callout\n[要]{よう:should:N3}[注意]{ちゅうい:watch out for:N4}[シーン]{:scene}：①**[ECサイト]{:EC site}の[二重]{にじゅう:double:N4}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}**：[元値]{もとね:original price:N3}を[一度]{いちど:once:N4}も[販売]{はんばい:sold:N2}していない[価格]{かかく:price:N1}に[設定]{せってい:set:N2}し[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}を[強調]{きょうちょう:emphasize:N3}（[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}）。②**[サブスク]{:subscription}の[初月]{しょげつ:first month:N3}[無料]{むりょう:free:N4}**：[次月]{じげつ:next month:N3}[以降]{いこう:afterwards:N3}の[条件]{じょうけん:terms:N1}や[解約]{かいやく:cancellation:N3}[制限]{せいげん:restrictions:N3}が[隠れている]{かくれている:hidden:N1}（[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}）。③**[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}**：[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}[提供]{ていきょう:provided:N1}を[受けて]{うけて:received:N3}いるが「[#PR]{:#PR}」[なし]{:absent}（[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}）。④**[ECサイト]{:EC site}[レビュー]{:reviews}[操作]{そうさ:manipulation:N1}**：[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee:N1}が[匿名]{とくめい:anonymously:N1}で[高評価]{こうひょうか:high rating:N1}[レビュー]{:reviews}を[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}（[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}）。⑤**[アフィリエイト]{:affiliate}[広告]{こうこく:advertisements:N3}**：[アフィリエイター]{:affiliater}の[誇大]{こだい:exaggerated:N1}[表現]{ひょうげん:expression:N3}も[広告主]{こうこくぬし:advertiser:N3}の[責任]{せきにん:liability:N3}（[優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}）。\n\n#en\nScenes to watch: (1) EC double pricing: setting an \"original price\" never actually charged and emphasizing the discount (misperception of advantageousness). (2) Subscription \"first month free\": next-month terms or cancellation restrictions hidden (misperception of advantageousness). (3) Influencer post: received product but no \"#PR\" (stealth marketing). (4) EC review manipulation: employee anonymously posting high-rating reviews (stealth marketing). (5) Affiliate advertising: the affiliate's exaggerated expressions are also the advertiser's liability (misperception of superiority).\n::\n\n::heading\n[まとめ]{まとめ:summary}\n\n#en\nSummary\n::\n\n::callout\n[要点]{ようてん:key points:N3}：①[景表法]{けいひょうほう:Act:N3}5[条]{じょう:Article:N1}＝[優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}（1[号]{ごう:No.1:N3}）+[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}（2[号]{ごう:No.2:N3}）+[その他]{そのほか:other:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}（3[号]{ごう:No.3:N3}＝[告示]{こくじ:designation:N3}）。②[第]{だい:No.:N1}5[告示]{こくじ:Designation:N3}＝[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}（2023\u002F10\u002F1[施行]{しこう:effective:N1}）。③[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}[要件]{ようけん:requirements:N3}＝[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}[関与]{かんよ:involvement:N3}+[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumer:N3}[判別]{はんべつ:distinguishing:N3}[困難]{こんなん:difficulty:N3}。④[責任]{せきにん:liability:N3}は[インフルエンサー]{:influencer}ではなく**[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business:N4}（[広告主]{こうこくぬし:advertiser:N3}）**。⑤[制裁]{せいさい:sanctions:N1}＝[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}+[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}3%。**[ステマ]{:stealth marketing}は[措置命令]{そちめいれい:measure order:N1}のみで[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}[外]{がい:outside:N5}**（ただし[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[優良]{ゆうりょう:superiority:N3}\u002F[有利]{ゆうり:advantageousness:N3}[誤認]{ごにん:misperception:N3}に[該当]{がいとう:falls under:N1}すれば[課徴金]{かちょうきん:surcharge:N1}[可]{か:applies:N4}）。⑥2024\u002F10[施行]{しこう:enforced:N1}の[確約手続]{かくやくてつづき:commitment procedure:N3}で[ペナルティ]{:penalty}[回避]{かいひ:avoidance:N1}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}。⑦[広告]{こうこく:advertising:N3}[表記]{ひょうき:notation:N3}は「[#PR]{:#PR}」「[#広告]{:#広告}」を[投稿]{とうこう:post:N1}[冒頭]{ぼうとう:beginning:N1}に[明瞭]{めいりょう:clearly:N1}に。\n\n#en\nKEY POINTS: (1) Act Art. 5 = superiority misperception (No.1) + advantageousness misperception (No.2) + other misperception (No.3 = designation). (2) Designation No. 5 = stealth marketing (effective 2023\u002F10\u002F1). (3) Stealth marketing requirements = business involvement + consumer distinguishing difficulty. (4) Liability is on the business (advertiser), not the influencer. (5) Sanctions = measure order + 3% surcharge. Stealth marketing is subject ONLY to measure orders, NOT surcharges (unless it simultaneously falls under superiority\u002Fadvantageousness misperception, in which case surcharges apply). (6) Commitment procedure (effective 2024\u002F10) allows penalty avoidance. (7) Use clear \"#PR\" \u002F \"#広告\" notation at the BEGINNING of posts.\n::\n",{"id":98,"title":101,"titleEn":102,"topicPath":10,"questions":103},"著作権法・景品表示法確認テスト","Copyright Act and Premiums and Misrepresentation Act Check Test",[104,132,155,178,201,224,247,270],{"id":105,"articleId":106,"question":107,"options":110,"correctLabel":112,"explanation":127,"tags":130},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q01","law-chosakuken",{"en":108,"jp":109},"What are the two major rights composing copyright?","[著作権]{ちょさくけん}を[構成]{こうせい}する[2大権利]{にだいけんり}は？",[111,115,119,123],{"label":112,"jp":113,"en":114},"ア","[著作者人格権]{ちょさくしゃじんかくけん}と[著作財産権]{ちょさくざいさんけん}","moral rights and economic rights",{"label":116,"jp":117,"en":118},"イ","[著作者権]{ちょさくしゃけん}と[著作物権]{ちょさくぶつけん}","author rights and work rights",{"label":120,"jp":121,"en":122},"ウ","[原作権]{げんさくけん}と[翻訳権]{ほんやくけん}","original work rights and translation rights",{"label":124,"jp":125,"en":126},"エ","[公表権]{こうひょうけん}と[非公表権]{ひこうひょうけん}","publication rights and non-publication rights",{"en":128,"jp":129},"Copyright is broadly divided into 'moral rights' tied to the author's personality and 'economic rights' (also called 'copyright' in the narrow sense) protecting economic interests.","[著作権]{ちょさくけん}は[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}の[人格]{じんかく}に[結]{むす}び[付]{つ}く[「著作者人格権]{ちょさくしゃじんかくけん}[」]{}と、[経済的利益]{けいざいてきりえき}を[守]{まも}る[「著作財産権]{ちょさくざいさんけん}[」]{}（[「著作権]{ちょさくけん}[」]{}とも[呼]{よ}ばれる）に[大別]{たいべつ}されるとされます。",[131],"copyright-basics",{"id":133,"articleId":106,"question":134,"options":137,"correctLabel":116,"explanation":150,"tags":153},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q02",{"en":135,"jp":136},"Under Article 15 of the Copyright Act, who is the author of a 'work made for hire' in principle?","[著作権法]{ちょさくけんほう}[第15条]{だいじゅうごじょう}が[定]{さだ}める[「職務著作]{しょくむちょさく}[」]{}の[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}は[原則]{げんそく}として[誰]{だれ}？",[138,141,144,147],{"label":112,"jp":139,"en":140},"[創作]{そうさく}した[従業員個人]{じゅうぎょういんこじん}","the individual employee who created it",{"label":116,"jp":142,"en":143},"[法人]{ほうじん}（[使用者]{しようしゃ}・[会社]{かいしゃ}）","the legal entity (employer\u002Fcompany)",{"label":120,"jp":145,"en":146},"[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん}と[法人]{ほうじん}の[共同]{きょうどう}","joint employee and entity",{"label":124,"jp":148,"en":149},"[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}は[存在]{そんざい}しない","no author exists",{"en":151,"jp":152},"Article 15 stipulates that for works created in the course of duties meeting certain conditions, the legal entity is treated as the author — 'work made for hire.' Exceptions arise where contracts or work rules provide otherwise.","[15条]{じゅうごじょう}は[一定要件]{いっていようけん}を[満]{み}たす[職務上]{しょくむじょう}の[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}について[法人]{ほうじん}を[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}とする[「職務著作]{しょくむちょさく}[」]{}を[規定]{きてい}しているとされます。[契約]{けいやく}や[勤務規則]{きんむきそく}で[別段]{べつだん}の[定]{さだ}めがある[場合]{ばあい}は[例外]{れいがい}も[考]{かんが}えられます。",[154],"work-for-hire",{"id":156,"articleId":106,"question":157,"options":160,"correctLabel":116,"explanation":173,"tags":176},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q03",{"en":158,"jp":159},"Under the current Japanese Copyright Act, how are AI-generated works treated as copyrighted works?","[現行]{げんこう}の[日本]{にほん}の[著作権法]{ちょさくけんほう}における[AI生成物]{えーあいせいせいぶつ}の[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}としての[扱]{あつか}いは？",[161,164,167,170],{"label":112,"jp":162,"en":163},"[全]{すべ}て[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}として[保護]{ほご}される","all protected as works",{"label":116,"jp":165,"en":166},"[人]{ひと}の[創作的寄与]{そうさくてききよ}があれば[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}になり[得]{え}るが、[完全自動生成]{かんぜんじどうせいせい}は[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}と[認]{みと}められない[傾向]{けいこう}","may be a work if there is human creative contribution; fully automated outputs tend not to be",{"label":120,"jp":168,"en":169},"[AI]{えーあい}が[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}として[認]{みと}められる","AI is recognized as author",{"label":124,"jp":171,"en":172},"[AI生成物]{えーあいせいせいぶつ}は[全]{すべ}て[禁止]{きんし}されている","all AI generation is prohibited",{"en":174,"jp":175},"The Agency for Cultural Affairs's organization indicates that AI outputs may be works if there is human creative contribution (prompt design, editing), while fully automated generation is generally not deemed a work.","[文化庁]{ぶんかちょう}の[整理]{せいり}では[人]{ひと}の[創作的寄与]{そうさくてききよ}（[プロンプト工夫]{ぷろんぷとくふう}・[加筆修正]{かひつしゅうせい}）があれば[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}と[認]{みと}められうるが、[完全]{かんぜん}な[自動生成]{じどうせいせい}は[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}に[該当]{がいとう}しないとの[見解]{けんかい}が[示]{しめ}されているとされます。",[177],"ai-generated",{"id":179,"articleId":106,"question":180,"options":183,"correctLabel":120,"explanation":196,"tags":199},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q04",{"en":181,"jp":182},"What is the principal copyright protection period (after the author's death)?","[著作権]{ちょさくけん}の[保護期間]{ほごきかん}（[原則]{げんそく}・[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}の[死後]{しご}）は？",[184,187,190,193],{"label":112,"jp":185,"en":186},"[死後]{しご}30[年]{ねん}","30 years post-mortem",{"label":116,"jp":188,"en":189},"[死後]{しご}50[年]{ねん}","50 years post-mortem",{"label":120,"jp":191,"en":192},"[死後]{しご}70[年]{ねん}","70 years post-mortem",{"label":124,"jp":194,"en":195},"[永久]{えいきゅう}","permanent",{"en":197,"jp":198},"With the 2018 enforcement of the TPP-related Act, the copyright protection period was extended to a principal 70 years post-mortem.","[2018年]{にせんじゅうはちねん}の[TPP整備法施行]{てぃーぴーぴーせいびほうしこう}により[著作権]{ちょさくけん}の[保護期間]{ほごきかん}は[原則]{げんそく}[死後]{しご}[70年]{ななじゅうねん}に[延長]{えんちょう}されたとされます。",[200],"protection-period",{"id":202,"articleId":6,"question":203,"options":206,"correctLabel":120,"explanation":219,"tags":222},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q05",{"en":204,"jp":205},"The stealth marketing regulation (in force October 2023) falls under which category of the Premiums and Misrepresentation Act?","[2023年10月]{にせんにじゅうさんねんじゅうがつ}に[施行]{しこう}された[ステマ規制]{すてまきせい}（[ステルスマーケティング規制]{すてるすまーけてぃんぐきせい}）は[景表法]{けいひょうほう}のどの[類型]{るいけい}？",[207,210,213,216],{"label":112,"jp":208,"en":209},"[優良誤認]{ゆうりょうごにん}","misleading-quality representation",{"label":116,"jp":211,"en":212},"[有利誤認]{ゆうりごにん}","misleading-advantage representation",{"label":120,"jp":214,"en":215},"[不当表示]{ふとうひょうじ}（[告示]{こくじ}による[第3類型]{だいさんるいけい}）","improper representation (third type by notification)",{"label":124,"jp":217,"en":218},"[景品類]{けいひんるい}の[制限]{せいげん}","premium restriction",{"en":220,"jp":221},"The stealth marketing regulation is based on a notification under Article 5(3) of the Act, defining as improper representation 'representations made by a business about its own goods\u002Fservices that consumers find difficult to recognize as advertising'.","[ステマ規制]{すてまきせい}は[景表法]{けいひょうほう}[第5条第3号]{だいごじょうだいさんごう}に[基]{もと}づく[告示]{こくじ}で[「事業者]{じぎょうしゃ}が[自己]{じこ}の[供給]{きょうきゅう}する[商品]{しょうひん}・[役務]{えきむ}の[取引]{とりひき}について[行]{おこな}う[表示]{ひょうじ}であって、[一般消費者]{いっぱんしょうひしゃ}が[当該表示]{とうがいひょうじ}であることを[判別]{はんべつ}することが[困難]{こんなん}であると[認]{みと}められるもの[」]{}を[不当表示]{ふとうひょうじ}と[定]{さだ}めたとされます。",[223],"stealth-marketing",{"id":225,"articleId":6,"question":226,"options":229,"correctLabel":112,"explanation":242,"tags":245},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q06",{"en":227,"jp":228},"What is 'misleading-quality representation' under the Premiums Act?","[景表法]{けいひょうほう}の[「優良誤認表示]{ゆうりょうごにんひょうじ}[」]{}とは？",[230,233,236,239],{"label":112,"jp":231,"en":232},"[商品]{しょうひん}・[役務]{えきむ}の[品質]{ひんしつ}・[規格]{きかく}が[実際]{じっさい}より[著]{いちじる}しく[優良]{ゆうりょう}と[一般消費者]{いっぱんしょうひしゃ}に[誤認]{ごにん}される[表示]{ひょうじ}","representation that misleads consumers into believing quality\u002Fstandards are significantly better than actual",{"label":116,"jp":234,"en":235},"[価格]{かかく}や[取引条件]{とりひきじょうけん}が[実際]{じっさい}より[有利]{ゆうり}と[誤認]{ごにん}される[表示]{ひょうじ}","representation that misleads about prices or terms being more favorable",{"label":120,"jp":237,"en":238},"[広告]{こうこく}の[フォントサイズ]{ふぉんとさいず}に[関]{かん}する[規制]{きせい}","regulation on advertising font size",{"label":124,"jp":240,"en":241},"[景品類]{けいひんるい}の[金額制限]{きんがくせいげん}","monetary limits on premiums",{"en":243,"jp":244},"Misleading-quality representation falls under Article 5(1), prohibiting representations that mislead consumers into thinking quality\u002Fstandards are significantly better than actual. Misleading-advantage (Article 5(2)) concerns prices and trade terms.","[優良誤認表示]{ゆうりょうごにんひょうじ}は[景表法]{けいひょうほう}[5条1号]{ごじょういちごう}に[該当]{がいとう}し、[実際]{じっさい}より[著]{いちじる}しく[品質]{ひんしつ}・[規格]{きかく}が[優]{すぐ}れていると[誤認]{ごにん}させる[表示]{ひょうじ}を[禁止]{きんし}しているとされます。[有利誤認表示]{ゆうりごにんひょうじ}（[2号]{にごう}）は[価格]{かかく}・[取引条件]{とりひきじょうけん}に[関]{かん}するものとされます。",[246],"misleading-quality",{"id":248,"articleId":6,"question":249,"options":252,"correctLabel":120,"explanation":265,"tags":268},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q07",{"en":250,"jp":251},"Which is NOT an administrative measure for violating the Premiums and Misrepresentation Act?","[景表法違反]{けいひょうほういはん}に[対]{たい}する[行政処分]{ぎょうせいしょぶん}に[該当]{がいとう}しないものは？",[253,256,259,262],{"label":112,"jp":254,"en":255},"[措置命令]{そちめいれい}","cease-and-desist order",{"label":116,"jp":257,"en":258},"[課徴金納付命令]{かちょうきんのうふめいれい}","surcharge payment order",{"label":120,"jp":260,"en":261},"[逮捕]{たいほ}","arrest",{"label":124,"jp":263,"en":264},"[再発防止策]{さいはつぼうしさく}の[公示]{こうじ}","publication of recurrence-prevention measures",{"en":266,"jp":267},"Administrative measures by the Consumer Affairs Agency include cease-and-desist orders, surcharge orders, and publication of recurrence-prevention measures. Arrest is a criminal procedure and is not an administrative measure.","[消費者庁]{しょうひしゃちょう}による[行政処分]{ぎょうせいしょぶん}としては[措置命令]{そちめいれい}・[課徴金納付命令]{かちょうきんのうふめいれい}・[再発防止策公示]{さいはつぼうしさくこうじ}などが[挙]{あ}げられますが、[逮捕]{たいほ}は[刑事手続]{けいじてつづき}とされ、[行政処分]{ぎょうせいしょぶん}には[該当]{がいとう}しないとされます。",[269],"enforcement",{"id":271,"articleId":106,"question":272,"options":275,"correctLabel":124,"explanation":288,"tags":291},"law-chosaku-keihin-quiz-q08",{"en":273,"jp":274},"Which is NOT a requirement for legitimately quoting another's copyrighted work?","[他人]{たにん}の[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}を[「引用]{いんよう}[」]{}するために[満]{み}たすべき[要件]{ようけん}に[該当]{がいとう}しないものは？",[276,279,282,285],{"label":112,"jp":277,"en":278},"[公表]{こうひょう}された[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}であること","the work has been published",{"label":116,"jp":280,"en":281},"[出所]{しゅっしょ}を[明示]{めいじ}すること","citing the source",{"label":120,"jp":283,"en":284},"[主従関係]{しゅじゅうかんけい}（[自己]{じこ}の[著作物]{ちょさくぶつ}が[主]{しゅ}・[引用部分]{いんようぶぶん}が[従]{じゅう}）が[明確]{めいかく}","main-subordinate relationship is clear",{"label":124,"jp":286,"en":287},"[著作者]{ちょさくしゃ}から[個別]{こべつ}の[許諾]{きょだく}を[必]{かなら}ず[得]{え}る","always obtaining individual permission from the author",{"en":289,"jp":290},"Legitimate quotation under Article 32 generally does not require permission. Requirements include the work being published, citing the source, a clear main-subordinate relationship, minimum necessary use, and no alteration.","[著作権法]{ちょさくけんほう}[32条]{さんじゅうにじょう}に[基]{もと}づく[適法]{てきほう}な[「引用]{いんよう}[」]{}には[許諾]{きょだく}は[原則]{げんそく}[不要]{ふよう}とされます。[公表済]{こうひょうずみ}・[出所明示]{しゅっしょめいじ}・[主従関係]{しゅじゅうかんけい}・[必要最小限]{ひつようさいしょうげん}・[改変]{かいへん}しないなどの[要件]{ようけん}を[満]{み}たす[必要]{ひつよう}があるとされます。",[292],"quotation"]