[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:denki-gas-suidou":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":65,"quiz":66},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":64},"article","living-denki-gas-suidou","denki-gas-suidou","電気・ガス・水道の契約 — 引越し時のライフライン手続き","Electricity, Gas, Water: Setting Up Utilities in Japan","living-in-japan","Practical guide to setting up Japan's three core utilities — electricity, gas, water — when moving in. Covers the 2016 electricity-market liberalization (TEPCO and other former general utilities vs new retailers like au Denki, ENEOS Denki, Looop), 2017 gas liberalization (city gas vs LP propane), the legally mandated gas-opening attendance (kaisen tachi-ai) by a technician, the ampere contract (10A-60A) that determines your base fee, why water service remains a municipal monopoly with no choice, smart-meter spread and meter readings (kenshin), and payment options (auto debit, credit card, conbini). Includes timing recommendations: notify all three at least the day before moving.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fliving-denki-gas-suidou.png",[15,20,24,29,32,36,40,44,47,52,56,60],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"電力自由化","でんりょくじゆうか","electricity-market liberalization","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"新電力","しんでんりょく","new electricity retailer (PPS)",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":28},"都市ガス","としガス","city gas (piped)","N2",{"word":30,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":28},"プロパンガス","propane (LP) gas",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"開栓","かいせん","opening (gas\u002Fwater tap)",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"立会い","たちあい","attendance (in person)",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":28},"作業員","さぎょういん","worker",{"word":45,"reading":45,"meaning":46,"level":19},"アンペア","ampere",{"word":48,"reading":49,"meaning":50,"level":51},"契約","けいやく","contract","N3",{"word":53,"reading":54,"meaning":55,"level":19},"検針","けんしん","meter reading",{"word":57,"reading":58,"meaning":59,"level":19},"口座引落し","こうざひきおとし","bank account auto-debit",{"word":61,"reading":62,"meaning":63,"level":19},"自治体","じちたい","local government \u002F municipality","living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}に[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}する[際]{さい:occasion:N3}、[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[ガス]{ガス:gas}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}の[3]{さん:three}つの[ライフライン]{ライフライン:utilities}[契約]{けいやく:contracts:N1}は[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[手配]{てはい:to arrange:N3}しなければならない[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}です。[しかし]{しかし:however}[2016]{にせんじゅうろく:2016}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[小売]{こうり:retail:N4}[全面]{ぜんめん:full:N3}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}と[2017]{にせんじゅうなな:2017}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[ガス]{ガス:gas}[小売]{こうり:retail:N4}[全面]{ぜんめん:full:N3}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}により、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumer:N3}が[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[ガス]{ガス:gas}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}を[自由]{じゆう:freely:N3}に[選べる]{えらべる:can choose:N3}[時代]{じだい:era:N4}になり、[従来]{じゅうらい:traditional:N1}より[複雑]{ふくざつ:complex:N2}な[選択]{せんたく:selection:N1}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}になりました。[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}では[3]{さん:three}つの[ライフライン]{ライフライン:utilities}の[契約]{けいやく:contracts:N1}の[仕組み]{しくみ:structure:N3}・[選択]{せんたく:selection:N1}[肢]{し:option:N1}・[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:practice:N5}の[注意]{ちゅうい:attention:N4}[点]{てん:points:N3}を[体系]{たいけい:system:N1}[的]{てき:typical:N4}に[整理]{せいり:to organize:N1}します。\n\n#en\nWhen moving in Japan, contracting for the three core utilities — electricity, gas, and water — is a basic procedure you must arrange. However, with the full liberalization of electricity retail in 2016 and gas retail in 2017, consumers can now freely choose their electricity and gas company, requiring more complex decisions than in the past. This article systematically organizes the contract structure, selection options, and practical caveats for all three utilities.\n::\n\n::heading\n[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}（[2016]{にせんじゅうろく:2016}[年]{ねん:year:N5}〜）：[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new electric retailers:N4}という[選択]{せんたく:option:N1}\n\n#en\nElectricity Liberalization (Since 2016): The \"New Retailer\" Option\n::\n\n::para\n[2016]{にせんじゅうろく:2016}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[4]{し:April}[月]{がつ:month:N5}、[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[小売]{こうり:retail:N4}が[全面]{ぜんめん:fully:N3}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalized:N3}され、[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}が[開放]{かいほう:opened:N3}されました。これまでは[各]{かく:each:N2}[地域]{ちいき:region:N2}の[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}[電気]{でんき:electric:N5}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:utility:N4}（[東京電力]{とうきょうでんりょく:TEPCO:N4}・[関西電力]{かんさいでんりょく:KEPCO:N3}・[中部電力]{ちゅうぶでんりょく:Chubu Electric:N3}など[10]{じゅう:10}[社]{しゃ:companies:N4}）からしか[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}を[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}できませんでしたが、[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}は[700]{ななひゃく:700}[社]{しゃ:companies:N4}[以上]{いじょう:more than:N4}の[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailers:N4}（[PPS]{PPS:Power Producer and Supplier}）が[参入]{さんにゅう:to enter:N3}し、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumer:N3}は[自由]{じゆう:freely:N3}に[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}を[選択]{せんたく:to choose:N1}できます。\n\n#en\nIn April 2016, electricity retail was fully liberalized, opening the household electricity market. Previously, electricity could only be purchased from each region's general electric utility (10 companies including TEPCO, KEPCO, Chubu Electric, etc.), but currently more than 700 new electricity retailers (PPS) have entered the market, and consumers can freely choose their electricity company.\n::\n\n::para\n[代表]{だいひょう:representative:N3}[的]{てき:typical:N4}な[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailers:N4}には、[通信]{つうしん:telecom:N3}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[au]{au:au}でんき・[ソフトバンク]{ソフトバンク:SoftBank}でんき、[石油]{せきゆ:oil:N2}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[ENEOS]{ENEOS:ENEOS}でんき・[出光]{いでみつ:Idemitsu:N3}でんき、[再生]{さいせい:renewable:N2}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}[エネルギー]{エネルギー:energy}[特化]{とっか:specialized:N3}の[Looop]{Looop:Looop}でんき、[ガス]{ガス:gas}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[東京ガス]{とうきょうガス:Tokyo Gas:N4}の[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}などがあります。[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailers:N4}を[選ぶ]{えらぶ:to choose:N3}[メリット]{メリット:benefits}は、①[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}の[安さ]{やすさ:cheapness:N4}（[従来]{じゅうらい:traditional:N1}より[5]{ご:5}〜[10]{じゅう:10}[%]{パーセント:%}[安い]{やすい:cheaper:N4}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}が[多い]{おおい:many:N4}）、②[ポイント]{ポイント:point}[還元]{かんげん:rebate:N1}（[au]{au:au}でんきは[Pontaポイント]{Pontaポイント:Ponta points}など）、③[他]{た:other:N3}サービスとの[セット]{セット:bundle}[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}（[携帯]{けいたい:mobile:N1}・[ガス]{ガス:gas}とまとめると[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}）です。\n\n#en\nRepresentative new retailers include telecom-affiliated au Denki and SoftBank Denki, oil-affiliated ENEOS Denki and Idemitsu Denki, renewables-specialized Looop Denki, and gas-company-affiliated Tokyo Gas's electricity service. Benefits of choosing a new retailer: (1) cheaper prices (often 5-10% below the legacy utility), (2) point rebates (au Denki gives Ponta points, etc.), (3) bundled discounts when combined with mobile or gas service.\n::\n\n::callout\n[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[誤解]{ごかい:misunderstanding:N3}：[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailer:N4}に[切り替えても]{きりかえても:even when switching:N2}、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}に[家]{いえ:home:N4}に[届く]{とどく:to be delivered:N2}[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}の[品質]{ひんしつ:quality:N4}・[電圧]{でんあつ:voltage:N2}・[停電]{ていでん:outage:N2}[頻度]{ひんど:frequency:N1}は[全く]{まったく:completely:N3}[変わりません]{かわりません:does not change:N3}。[送配電]{そうはいでん:transmission\u002Fdistribution:N3}[網]{もう:network:N1}は[従来]{じゅうらい:traditional:N1}どおり[地域]{ちいき:regional:N2}[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}（[東京電力]{とうきょうでんりょく:TEPCO:N4}[パワーグリッド]{パワーグリッド:Power Grid}など）が[管理]{かんり:to manage:N2}しているためです。[請求]{せいきゅう:billing:N1}と[料金]{りょうきん:pricing:N4}が[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailer:N4}に[切り替わる]{きりかわる:to switch:N2}だけで、[物理]{ぶつり:physical:N4}[的]{てき:typical:N4}な[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}は[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[電線]{でんせん:wires:N2}から[来]{き:comes:N5}ます。\n\n#en\nImportant misunderstanding: even when switching to a new retailer, the actual quality, voltage, and outage frequency of electricity reaching your home does not change at all. The transmission and distribution network is still managed by the legacy regional power company (such as TEPCO Power Grid). Only billing and pricing switch to the new retailer; physically, the same electricity arrives via the same wires.\n::\n\n::heading\n[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}：[基本]{きほん:base:N1}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}を[決める]{きめる:to determine:N3}[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[要素]{ようそ:factor:N1}\n\n#en\nThe Ampere Contract: A Key Factor That Determines Your Base Fee\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}には[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}（[A]{A:A}）[制]{せい:system:N3}という[独特]{どくとく:distinctive:N1}の[仕組み]{しくみ:structure:N3}があります。これは「[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[使える]{つかえる:can use:N4}[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}の[最大]{さいだい:maximum:N3}[量]{りょう:amount:N2}」を[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[選択]{せんたく:to choose:N1}するもので、[10]{じゅう:10}[A]{A:A}・[15]{じゅうご:15}[A]{A:A}・[20]{にじゅう:20}[A]{A:A}・[30]{さんじゅう:30}[A]{A:A}・[40]{よんじゅう:40}[A]{A:A}・[50]{ごじゅう:50}[A]{A:A}・[60]{ろくじゅう:60}[A]{A:A}から[選び]{えらび:to choose:N3}ます。[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}[数]{すう:number:N3}が[大きい]{おおきい:large:N5}ほど[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[家電]{かでん:appliances:N4}を[使える]{つかえる:can use:N4}が、[基本]{きほん:base:N1}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}（[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}に[関わらず]{かかわらず:regardless of:N3}[毎月]{まいつき:monthly:N5}[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}[固定]{こてい:fixed:N2}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}）も[高く]{たかく:higher:N5}なります。\n\n#en\nJapan's household electricity contracts have a distinctive system called the ampere (A) system. This means choosing the \"maximum amount of electricity that can be used simultaneously\" at contract time, selected from 10A \u002F 15A \u002F 20A \u002F 30A \u002F 40A \u002F 50A \u002F 60A. The higher the ampere number, the more appliances you can use simultaneously, but the base fee (a fixed monthly charge regardless of usage volume) also rises.\n::\n\n::para\n[一般]{いっぱん:typical:N2}[的]{てき:typical:N4}な[目安]{めやす:guideline:N4}としては、[一人]{ひとり:single:N5}[暮らし]{ぐらし:living:N3}は[20]{にじゅう:20}〜[30]{さんじゅう:30}[A]{A:A}、[二人]{ふたり:two-person:N5}[世帯]{せたい:household:N2}は[30]{さんじゅう:30}〜[40]{よんじゅう:40}[A]{A:A}、[3]{さん:three}〜[4]{よん:four}[人]{にん:person:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}は[40]{よんじゅう:40}〜[50]{ごじゅう:50}[A]{A:A}が[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}です。[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}[数]{すう:number:N3}が[低]{ひく:low:N2}すぎると、[エアコン]{エアコン:air conditioner}・[電子]{でんし:microwave:N5}レンジ・[ドライヤー]{ドライヤー:hairdryer}を[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[使った]{つかった:used:N4}[際]{さい:occasion:N3}に[ブレーカー]{ブレーカー:breaker}が[落ちる]{おちる:to trip:N3}（[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}が[一時]{いちじ:temporarily:N5}[停止]{ていし:stops:N2}）[現象]{げんしょう:phenomenon:N2}が[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}します。[逆に]{ぎゃくに:conversely:N2}[高]{たか:high:N5}すぎると[基本]{きほん:base:N1}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}を[無駄に]{むだに:wastefully:N1}[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}ことになります。[なお]{なお:also}、[関西]{かんさい:Kansai:N3}[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}・[中国]{ちゅうごく:Chugoku:N5}[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}・[四国]{しこく:Shikoku:N5}[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}・[沖縄]{おきなわ:Okinawa:N1}[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}の[エリア]{エリア:area}では[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}[制]{せい:system:N3}を[採用]{さいよう:to adopt:N2}せず、[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}のみで[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}が[決まる]{きまる:to be determined:N3}「[最低]{さいてい:minimum:N2}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}[制]{せい:system:N3}」が[適用]{てきよう:to apply:N3}されます。\n\n#en\nTypical guidelines: 20-30A for a single-person household, 30-40A for a two-person household, 40-50A standard for a 3-4 person family. If the ampere number is too low, the breaker trips (electricity temporarily stops) when you use air conditioner, microwave, and hairdryer simultaneously. Conversely, if it is too high, you waste money on the base fee. Note: in the Kansai Electric, Chugoku Electric, Shikoku Electric, and Okinawa Electric service areas, the ampere system is not used; a \"minimum-fee system\" applies, in which fees are determined by usage volume alone.\n::\n\n::heading\n[ガス]{ガス:gas}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}（[2017]{にせんじゅうなな:2017}[年]{ねん:year:N5}〜）と[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3} vs [プロパン]{プロパン:propane}\n\n#en\nGas Liberalization (Since 2017) and City Gas vs Propane\n::\n\n::para\n[2017]{にせんじゅうなな:2017}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[4]{し:April}[月]{がつ:month:N5}、[ガス]{ガス:gas}[小売]{こうり:retail:N4}も[全面]{ぜんめん:fully:N3}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalized:N3}されました。ただし[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}と[異なり]{ことなり:different from:N1}、[ガス]{ガス:gas}は[物理]{ぶつり:physical:N4}[的]{てき:typical:N4}な[インフラ]{インフラ:infrastructure}（[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}[配管]{はいかん:piping:N2}）が[ある]{ある:exists}[地域]{ちいき:region:N2}でしか[切替]{きりかえ:switching:N2}できないため、[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[選択]{せんたく:options:N1}[肢]{し:options:N1}は[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}より[少ない]{すくない:few:N4}のが[現状]{げんじょう:current state:N3}です。[新規]{しんき:new:N3}[参入]{さんにゅう:entrants:N3}には、[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[東京電力]{とうきょうでんりょく:TEPCO:N4}・[関西電力]{かんさいでんりょく:KEPCO:N3}の[ガス]{ガス:gas}[サービス]{サービス:service}、[石油]{せきゆ:oil:N2}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[ENEOS]{ENEOS:ENEOS}[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}・[出光]{いでみつ:Idemitsu:N3}ガス、[通信]{つうしん:telecom:N3}[系]{けい:type:N1}の[ニチガス]{ニチガス:Nichigas}などがあります。\n\n#en\nIn April 2017, gas retail was also fully liberalized. However, unlike electricity liberalization, gas can only be switched in regions with the physical infrastructure (city-gas piping), so actual options are fewer than for electricity. New entrants include electric-company-affiliated TEPCO and KEPCO gas services, oil-affiliated ENEOS City Gas and Idemitsu Gas, and telecom-affiliated Nichigas, among others.\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}[ガス]{ガス:gas}には[2]{に:two}[種類]{しゅるい:kinds:N3}があり、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[体系]{たいけい:system:N1}・[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}・[切替]{きりかえ:switching:N2}[可能性]{かのうせい:possibility:N3}が[全く]{まったく:completely:N3}[異なります]{ことなります:to differ:N1}。[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}は[都市]{とし:city:N3}[部]{ぶ:area:N3}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}に[地下]{ちか:underground:N4}[配管]{はいかん:piping:N2}で[供給]{きょうきゅう:supplied:N3}され、[主成分]{しゅせいぶん:main component:N3}は[メタン]{メタン:methane}、[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}は[比較]{ひかく:comparatively:N1}[的]{てき:typical:N4}[安く]{やすく:cheap:N4}（[一般]{いっぱん:typical:N2}に[1]{いっ:one}[m³]{りゅうべい:cubic meter}あたり[150]{ひゃくごじゅう:150}〜[180]{ひゃくはちじゅう:180}[円]{えん:yen:N5}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}）、[2017]{にせんじゅうなな:2017}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}です。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}[プロパン]{プロパン:propane}（[LP]{LP:LP}）[ガス]{ガス:gas}は[ボンベ]{ボンベ:cylinder}で[個別]{こべつ:individually:N2}[配送]{はいそう:delivered:N3}され、[主成分]{しゅせいぶん:main component:N3}は[プロパン]{プロパン:propane}、[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}は[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}の[1.5]{いってんご:1.5}〜[2]{に:two}[倍]{ばい:times:N2}（[1]{いっ:one}[m³]{りゅうべい:cubic meter}あたり[400]{よんひゃく:400}〜[700]{ななひゃく:700}[円]{えん:yen:N5}）と[高く]{たかく:high:N5}、[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}の[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}[外]{がい:not:N5}（[元々]{もともと:originally:N4}[自由]{じゆう:free:N3}[料金]{りょうきん:pricing:N4}）です。[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[選ぶ]{えらぶ:to choose:N3}[際]{さい:occasion:N3}は、[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}か[プロパン]{プロパン:propane}かを[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[確認]{かくにん:to confirm:N3}してください。\n\n#en\nJapan's household gas comes in two types whose contract systems, prices, and switchability differ completely. City gas is supplied through underground piping centered on urban areas, with methane as its main component, at relatively low prices (typically about 150-180 yen\u002Fm³), and is the target of the 2017 liberalization. On the other hand, propane (LP) gas is delivered individually in cylinders, with propane as its main component, at prices 1.5-2x city gas (400-700 yen\u002Fm³), and is not subject to liberalization (it has always had free pricing). When choosing a rental property, always check whether it is city gas or propane.\n::\n\n::callout\n[プロパン]{プロパン:propane}[ガス]{ガス:gas}の[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}[点]{てん:points:N3}：[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}では[ガス]{ガス:gas}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}を[大家]{おおや:landlord:N4}が[指定]{してい:designate:N3}しており、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[切替]{きりかえ:switch:N2}できないことがほとんどです。[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}は[ガス]{ガス:gas}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}が[自由]{じゆう:freely:N3}に[決め]{きめ:to set:N3}られるため、[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[地域]{ちいき:region:N2}でも[2]{に:two}[倍]{ばい:times:N2}[以上]{いじょう:more than:N4}の[差]{さ:difference:N3}が[出る]{でる:to appear:N5}こともあります。[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[選び]{えらび:choosing:N3}の[段階]{だんかい:stage:N2}で[ガス]{ガス:gas}[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}を[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[確認]{かくにん:to confirm:N3}し、[極端に]{きょくたんに:extremely:N1}[高い]{たかい:high:N5}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[他]{た:other:N3}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[検討]{けんとう:to consider:N1}するのが[賢明]{けんめい:wise:N2}です。\n\n#en\nPropane gas caveats: in rental properties, the gas company is usually designated by the landlord, and tenants cannot switch. Since the gas company can set prices freely, even within the same region the difference can be more than 2x. Always check gas pricing at the property-selection stage; if extremely high, it is wise to consider other properties.\n::\n\n::heading\n[開栓]{かいせん:gas opening:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}：[ガス]{ガス:gas}だけ[必須]{ひっす:essential:N1}な[特殊]{とくしゅ:special:N1}[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}\n\n#en\nKaisen Tachi-Ai: A Special Procedure Required Only for Gas\n::\n\n::para\n[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}と[異なり]{ことなり:differing from:N1}、[ガス]{ガス:gas}は[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[ガス]{ガス:gas}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[作業員]{さぎょういん:worker:N4}による[開栓]{かいせん:gas opening:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}が[法令]{ほうれい:law:N2}で[義務]{ぎむ:obligated:N1}づけられています。これは[ガス]{ガス:gas}が[爆発]{ばくはつ:explosion:N2}・[一酸化]{いっさんか:carbon monoxide:N1}[炭素]{たんそ:carbon:N1}[中毒]{ちゅうどく:poisoning:N2}など[人命]{じんめい:human life:N3}に[関わる]{かかわる:relating to:N3}[重大]{じゅうだい:serious:N4}[事故]{じこ:accident:N1}の[リスク]{リスク:risk}を[持つ]{もつ:to have:N4}ためで、[ガス事業法]{ガスじぎょうほう:Gas Business Act:N3}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}、①[ガス]{ガス:gas}[漏れ]{もれ:leak:N1}の[有無]{うむ:presence\u002Fabsence:N4}[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}、②[ガス]{ガス:gas}コンロ・[給湯]{きゅうとう:water heater:N2}[器]{き:device:N1}の[正常]{せいじょう:normal:N3}[動作]{どうさ:operation:N4}[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}、③[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}の[安全]{あんぜん:safety:N3}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}（[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[換気]{かんき:ventilation:N2}・[消火]{しょうか:extinguishing:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}）が[行わ]{おこなわ:to be carried out:N5}れます。\n\n#en\nUnlike electricity and water, when starting gas use, an in-person attendance check by a gas-company worker for opening the gas (kaisen tachi-ai) is legally mandated. This is because gas carries serious risks of life-threatening accidents like explosions and carbon monoxide poisoning. Based on the Gas Business Act, the worker performs: (1) gas-leak check, (2) verification that the gas stove and water heater operate normally, (3) safety explanation for use (especially ventilation and shutoff cautions).\n::\n\n::para\n[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:in practice:N5}、[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}の[所要]{しょよう:required:N3}[時間]{じかん:time:N5}は[15]{じゅうご:15}〜[30]{さんじゅう:30}[分]{ぷん:minutes:N5}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}で、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[者]{しゃ:individual:N4}[本人]{ほんにん:in person:N5}または[代理人]{だいりにん:agent:N4}（[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}・[同居]{どうきょ:cohabiting:N3}[人]{にん:person:N5}など）の[在宅]{ざいたく:at home:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}です。[予約]{よやく:reservation:N3}は[通常]{つうじょう:normally:N3}[1]{いち:1}[週間]{しゅうかん:week:N4}〜[2]{に:2}[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}[前]{まえ:before:N5}までに、[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}または[ウェブサイト]{ウェブサイト:website}で[行い]{おこない:to perform:N5}ます。[3]{さん:March}〜[4]{し:April}[月]{がつ:month:N5}の[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[繁忙]{はんぼう:peak:N1}[期]{き:season:N3}は[予約]{よやく:slots:N3}が[埋まり]{うまり:to fill up:N2}やすく、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[土日]{どにち:weekend:N5}・[午前]{ごぜん:morning:N5}[中]{ちゅう:slots:N5}は[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[前]{まえ:before:N5}でも[取れない]{とれない:not bookable:N3}こともあるため、[早期]{そうき:early:N3}[予約]{よやく:reservation:N3}が[必須]{ひっす:essential:N1}です。[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}[なし]{なし:without}では[ガス]{ガス:gas}を[使用]{しよう:to use:N4}することが[一切]{いっさい:absolutely:N4}できないため、[予約]{よやく:reservation:N3}を[忘れる]{わすれる:to forget:N3}と[当日]{とうじつ:moving day:N3}に[シャワー]{シャワー:shower}も[料理]{りょうり:cooking:N4}もできない[事態]{じたい:situation:N1}になります。\n\n#en\nIn practice, the attendance takes about 15-30 minutes, and the contract holder personally or a representative (family member, cohabiting person, etc.) must be at home. Reservations are usually made by phone or website 1-2 weeks in advance. In the March-April moving peak season, slots fill up easily, and especially weekend and morning slots may be unbookable even 1 month out, so early reservation is essential. Without attendance, gas cannot be used at all, so forgetting to reserve means you can take neither a shower nor cook on moving day.\n::\n\n::heading\n[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}：[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization:N3}されない[自治体]{じちたい:municipal:N3}[独占]{どくせん:monopoly:N1}サービス\n\n#en\nWater: A Municipal Monopoly Service Not Subject to Liberalization\n::\n\n::para\n[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[ガス]{ガス:gas}と[異なり]{ことなり:differing from:N1}、[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}は[各]{かく:each:N2}[市区]{しく:city\u002Fward:N2}[町村]{ちょうそん:town\u002Fvillage:N2}の[水道局]{すいどうきょく:water bureau:N3}（[または]{または:or}[広域]{こういき:wide-area:N2}[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}[企業]{きぎょう:enterprise:N1}[団]{だん:group:N2}）が[独占]{どくせん:monopoly:N1}[的]{てき:typical:N4}に[供給]{きょうきゅう:supplies:N3}しており、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumer:N3}に[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:vendor:N4}[選択]{せんたく:selection:N1}の[余地]{よち:room:N3}は[ありません]{ありません:does not exist}。[これは]{これは:this is}[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}が[公衆]{こうしゅう:public:N1}[衛生]{えいせい:hygiene:N1}・[防火]{ぼうか:fire prevention:N2}など[公共]{こうきょう:public:N3}[性]{せい:nature:N3}が[極めて]{きわめて:extremely:N2}[高く]{たかく:high:N5}、[二重]{にじゅう:dual:N4}[配管]{はいかん:piping:N2}による[競争]{きょうそう:competition:N2}が[現実]{げんじつ:realistically:N3}[的]{てき:typical:N4}に[不可能]{ふかのう:impossible:N3}なためで、[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}は[各]{かく:each:N2}[自治体]{じちたい:municipality:N3}の[条例]{じょうれい:ordinance:N1}で[定め]{さだめ:to stipulate:N3}られています。\n\n#en\nUnlike electricity and gas, water is supplied as a monopoly by each city\u002Fward\u002Ftown\u002Fvillage's water bureau (or wide-area water-supply association), and consumers have no vendor-selection options. This is because water has extremely high public-interest characteristics (public hygiene, fire prevention, etc.) and competition through duplicate piping is realistically impossible; water rates are stipulated by each municipality's ordinance.\n::\n\n::para\n[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}は、[新]{しん:new:N4}[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}の[市区]{しく:city\u002Fward:N2}[町村]{ちょうそん:town\u002Fvillage:N2}[水道局]{すいどうきょく:water bureau:N3}に[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}または[ウェブサイト]{ウェブサイト:website}で[連絡]{れんらく:to contact:N2}するだけで[完了]{かんりょう:complete:N2}します。[ガス]{ガス:gas}と[異なり]{ことなり:differing from:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}は[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary:N3}で、[当日]{とうじつ:on the day:N3}[新]{しん:new:N4}[居]{きょ:residence:N3}に[着いたら]{ついたら:upon arrival:N4}[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}[メーター]{メーター:meter}[ボックス]{ボックス:box}（[通常]{つうじょう:normally:N3}[玄関]{げんかん:entrance:N1}[脇]{わき:side:N2}または[共用]{きょうよう:shared:N3}[部分]{ぶぶん:part:N3}にある）の[元栓]{もとせん:main valve:N1}を[時計]{とけい:clock:N4}[回り]{まわり:rotation:N3}と[反対]{はんたい:opposite:N3}[方向]{ほうこう:direction:N3}に[回す]{まわす:to turn:N3}と[使用]{しよう:use:N4}が[開始]{かいし:to start:N4}できます。[料金]{りょうきん:price:N4}は[基本]{きほん:base:N1}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}+[従量]{じゅうりょう:metered:N1}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}（[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}に[応じ]{おうじ:according to:N1}て）の[2]{に:two}[段階]{だんかい:tier:N2}[制]{せい:system:N3}が[一般]{いっぱん:typical:N2}[的]{てき:typical:N4}で、[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[自治体]{じちたい:municipalities:N3}では[2]{に:two}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}に[1]{いっ:one}[回]{かい:time:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:billed:N1}されます。\n\n#en\nStarting service is completed by simply contacting the new address's city\u002Fward water bureau by phone or website. Unlike gas, no attendance is needed: when you arrive at the new residence on the day, locate the water meter box (usually next to the entrance or in a shared area) and turn the main valve counterclockwise to start use. Pricing is typically a two-tier system of base fee + metered fee (according to usage volume), and most municipalities bill once every 2 months.\n::\n\n::heading\n[検針]{けんしん:meter reading:N1}と[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}\n\n#en\nMeter Readings and Payment Methods\n::\n\n::para\n[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[ガス]{ガス:gas}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}いずれも、[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}は[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}[計算]{けいさん:calculated:N2}されるため、[毎月]{まいつき:monthly:N5}（[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}は[2]{に:two}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}に[1]{いっ:one}[回]{かい:time:N3}）の[検針]{けんしん:meter reading:N1}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}です。[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}に[関しては]{かんしては:regarding:N3}、[2014]{にせんじゅうよん:2014}[年]{ねん:year:N5}から[各]{かく:each:N2}[電力]{でんりょく:electricity:N4}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}による[スマートメーター]{スマートメーター:smart meter}への[切替]{きりかえ:switching:N2}が[進み]{すすみ:to progress:N3}、[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[時点]{じてん:point:N3}で[ほぼ]{ほぼ:nearly}[全]{ぜん:all:N3}[家庭]{かてい:households:N3}に[普及]{ふきゅう:spread:N1}しています。スマートメーターは[30]{さんじゅう:30}[分]{ぷん:minute:N5}ごとに[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}を[自動]{じどう:automatically:N4}[計測]{けいそく:measure:N2}し[電力]{でんりょく:electric:N4}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}に[送信]{そうしん:transmit:N3}するため、[従来]{じゅうらい:previous:N1}のような[検針]{けんしん:meter-reading:N1}[員]{いん:staff:N4}による[訪問]{ほうもん:visit:N3}は[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary:N3}になりました。[ウェブ]{ウェブ:web}[サイト]{サイト:site}や[アプリ]{アプリ:app}で[時間帯]{じかんたい:time band:N2}[別]{べつ:by:N4}の[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[量]{りょう:volume:N2}を[確認]{かくにん:confirm:N3}でき、[節電]{せつでん:energy saving:N1}にも[活用]{かつよう:utilize:N3}できます。\n\n#en\nFor electricity, gas, and water alike, fees are calculated based on actual usage volume, so monthly meter readings (every 2 months for water) are necessary. For electricity, switching to smart meters by each electric company has progressed since 2014, and as of 2024 they have spread to nearly all households. Smart meters automatically measure and transmit usage to the electric company every 30 minutes, so the previous practice of in-person meter-reader visits is in principle no longer needed. You can check usage by time band on the website or app, also useful for saving energy.\n::\n\n::para\n[ガス]{ガス:gas}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}も[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[地域]{ちいき:regions:N2}で[スマートメーター]{スマートメーター:smart meter}[化]{か:conversion:N3}が[進ん]{すすん:to progress:N3}でいますが、[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}より[普及]{ふきゅう:spread:N1}は[遅く]{おそく:slow:N3}、[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[地域]{ちいき:regions:N2}では[今でも]{いまでも:still:N5}[検針]{けんしん:meter-reading:N1}[員]{いん:staff:N4}が[毎月]{まいつき:monthly:N5}（または[2]{に:two}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}に[1]{いっ:one}[回]{かい:time:N3}）[訪問]{ほうもん:visit:N3}し、[メーター]{メーター:meter}を[目視]{もくし:visually:N1}[確認]{かくにん:check:N3}しています。[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}は、①[口座]{こうざ:bank account:N3}[振替]{ふりかえ:transfer:N1}（[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}[口座]{こうざ:account:N3}からの[自動]{じどう:automatic:N4}[引落し]{ひきおとし:debit:N3}・[最]{さい:most:N3}[一般]{いっぱん:typical:N2}[的]{てき:typical:N4}・[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}[適用]{てきよう:applied:N3}される[会社]{がいしゃ:companies:N4}も[多い]{おおい:many:N4}）、②[クレジット]{クレジット:credit}カード（[ポイント]{ポイント:points}が[貯まる]{たまる:accumulate:N2}メリット）、③[コンビニ]{コンビニ:convenience store}[払い]{ばらい:payment:N3}（[紙]{かみ:paper:N4}の[請求書]{せいきゅうしょ:bill:N1}を[コンビニ]{コンビニ:convenience store}に[持参]{じさん:bring:N3}・[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}[なし]{なし:none}）、④[アプリ]{アプリ:app}[決済]{けっさい:payment:N3}（[PayPay]{PayPay:PayPay}・[LINE Pay]{LINE Pay:LINE Pay}など・[請求書]{せいきゅうしょ:bill:N1}の[バーコード]{バーコード:barcode}を[読取り]{よみとり:scan:N3}）から[選び]{えらび:to choose:N3}ます。\n\n#en\nGas and water are also progressing toward smart meters in some regions, but spread is slower than for electricity; in many areas, meter-reading staff still visit monthly (or every 2 months) and visually check the meter. Payment methods to choose from: (1) bank account auto-debit (the most common; many companies apply a discount), (2) credit card (the perk is accumulating points), (3) convenience-store payment (bring the paper bill to the conbini; no fee), (4) app payment (PayPay, LINE Pay, etc.; scan the bill's barcode).\n::\n\n::callout\n[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}[選択]{せんたく:selection:N1}の[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:in practice:N5}の[コツ]{コツ:tips}：[長期]{ちょうき:long-term:N3}[滞在]{たいざい:stayer:N1}（[1]{いち:1}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[以上]{いじょう:more than:N4}）の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[口座]{こうざ:account:N3}[振替]{ふりかえ:transfer:N1}（[割引]{わりびき:discount:N3}[適用]{てきよう:applied:N3}）または[クレジット]{クレジット:credit}カード（[ポイント]{ポイント:points}[還元]{かんげん:rebate:N1}）が[最]{さい:most:N3}[経済]{けいざい:economical:N3}[的]{てき:typical:N4}。[短期]{たんき:short-term:N2}[滞在]{たいざい:stayer:N1}・[出張]{しゅっちょう:business trip:N1}[滞在]{たいざい:stayer:N1}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}[口座]{こうざ:account:N3}[開設]{かいせつ:opening:N2}が[完了]{かんりょう:complete:N2}するまでの[初月]{しょげつ:first month:N3}は[コンビニ]{コンビニ:conbini}[払い]{ばらい:payment:N3}で[つなぎ]{つなぎ:bridge}、[落ち着いてから]{おちついてから:after settling:N3}[口座]{こうざ:account:N3}[振替]{ふりかえ:transfer:N1}に[切替]{きりかえ:switch:N2}するのが[現実]{げんじつ:realistic:N3}[的]{teki:typical:N4}です。\n\n#en\nPractical tips for choosing payment method: for long-term residents (1 year or more), bank-account transfer (discount applied) or credit card (point rebate) is most economical. For short-term residents and business-trip stayers, bridge with conbini payment for the first month until bank-account opening is complete, then switch to bank-account transfer once settled.\n::\n\n::heading\n[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[タイミング]{タイミング:timing}：[前日]{ぜんじつ:day before:N5}までに[全て]{すべて:all:N3}[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}\n\n#en\nMoving Timing: Contact All Three by the Day Before\n::\n\n::para\n[3]{さん:three}つの[ライフライン]{ライフライン:utilities}とも、[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}は「[現]{げん:current:N3}[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}での[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[停止]{ていし:stop:N2}[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}」と「[新]{しん:new:N4}[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}での[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}」の[2]{に:two}[段階]{だんかい:stages:N2}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}です。[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}は[ウェブサイト]{ウェブサイト:website}で[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[両方]{りょうほう:both:N3}の[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}が[完了]{かんりょう:complete:N2}しますが、[ガス]{ガス:gas}は[電話]{でんわ:phone:N5}での[予約]{よやく:reservation:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}が[多く]{おおく:many:N4}、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[開栓]{かいせん:opening:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}の[日時]{にちじ:date\u002Ftime:N5}[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}に[時間]{じかん:time:N5}がかかります。[一般]{いっぱん:typical:N2}[的]{teki:typical:N4}な[推奨]{すいしょう:recommended:N1}[タイミング]{タイミング:timing}は、[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}・[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}は[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[1]{いっ:one}[週間]{しゅうかん:week:N4}[前]{まえ:before:N5}までに、[ガス]{ガス:gas}は[2]{に:two}[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}[前]{まえ:before:N5}までに[手配]{てはい:arrangement:N3}を[完了]{かんりょう:complete:N2}させることです。\n\n#en\nFor all three utilities, the moving procedure has two stages: \"stop usage at the current address\" and \"start usage at the new address.\" Electricity and water complete both procedures simultaneously via website, but gas often requires a phone reservation, and especially adjusting the date\u002Ftime of the opening attendance takes time. Standard recommended timing: complete electricity and water arrangements 1 week before the move, and gas 2 weeks before.\n::\n\n::para\n[最低]{さいてい:minimum:N2}[限]{げん:limit:N3}でも[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[前日]{ぜんじつ:day before:N5}までには[全て]{すべて:all:N3}の[ライフライン]{ライフライン:utilities}に[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}を[完了]{かんりょう:complete:N2}させてください。[当日]{とうじつ:moving day:N3}の[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}は[基本]{きほん:essentially:N1}[的]{teki:typical:N4}に[受付]{うけつけ:accepted:N3}してもらえません（[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[ガス]{ガス:gas}の[開栓]{かいせん:opening:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}は[当日]{とうじつ:same-day:N3}[予約]{よやく:reservation:N3}は[ほぼ]{ほぼ:nearly}[不可能]{ふかのう:impossible:N3}）。[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[日]{び:day:N5}は[実際]{じっさい:actual:N3}の[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}[日]{び:day:N5}と[同日]{どうじつ:same day:N4}に[設定]{せってい:to set:N2}するのが[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}ですが、[当日]{とうじつ:moving day:N3}に[何か]{なにか:something:N5}トラブルが[あった]{あった:occurred}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に[備え]{そなえ:to prepare:N3}、[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}であれば[前日]{ぜんじつ:day before:N5}から[使用]{しよう:usage:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}な[状態]{じょうたい:state:N1}にしておくと[安心]{あんしん:peace of mind:N4}です。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[冬季]{とうき:winter:N2}の[引越し]{ひっこし:moving:N3}は、[暖房]{だんぼう:heating:N1}が[使えない]{つかえない:cannot use:N4}と[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[被害]{ひがい:harm:N2}の[リスク]{リスク:risk}があるため、[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}は[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[早期]{そうき:early:N3}[手配]{てはい:arrangement:N3}が[望ましい]{のぞましい:desirable:N3}です。\n\n#en\nAt a minimum, complete contact with all utilities by the day before the move. Same-day contact is essentially not accepted (especially gas opening attendance — same-day reservation is virtually impossible). The standard is to set the usage-start date the same day as the actual move, but if possible, having usage-start ready from the day before is reassuring in case of any moving-day trouble. Especially in winter moves, since inability to use heating poses health risks, early arrangement is particularly desirable for electricity.\n::\n\n::callout\n[ライフライン]{ライフライン:utilities}[手配]{てはい:arrangements:N3}[最終]{さいしゅう:final:N3}チェックリスト：①[電気]{でんき:electricity:N5}＝[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new retailer:N4}と[従来]{じゅうらい:incumbent:N1}を[比較]{ひかく:compare:N1}、[アンペア]{アンペア:ampere}[数]{すう:number:N3}を[適切]{てきせつ:appropriately:N3}[選定]{せんてい:select:N3}、ウェブで[停止]{ていし:stop:N2}・[開始]{かいし:start:N4}[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}。②[ガス]{ガス:gas}＝[都市ガス]{としガス:city gas:N3}か[プロパン]{プロパン:propane}か[確認]{かくにん:confirm:N3}、[2]{に:2}[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}[前]{まえ:before:N5}までに[開栓]{かいせん:opening:N1}[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}[予約]{よやく:reserve:N3}、[当日]{とうじつ:moving day:N3}は[在宅]{ざいたく:at home:N3}[必須]{ひっす:essential:N1}。③[水道]{すいどう:water:N4}＝[自治体]{じちたい:municipality:N3}[水道局]{すいどうきょく:water bureau:N3}に[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}するのみ、[立会い]{たちあい:attendance:N4}[不要]{ふよう:not needed:N3}、[当日]{とうじつ:moving day:N3}に[元栓]{もとせん:main valve:N1}を[開く]{ひらく:open:N4}。④[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}＝[長期]{ちょうき:long-term:N3}[滞在]{たいざい:stayers:N1}は[口座]{こうざ:bank account:N3}[振替]{ふりかえ:transfer:N1}か[クレジット]{クレジット:credit}カード、[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}は[コンビニ]{コンビニ:conbini}[払い]{ばらい:payment:N3}で[つなぐ]{つなぐ:bridge}。\n\n#en\nUtility-arrangement final checklist: (1) Electricity = compare new retailers vs incumbent, choose ampere number appropriately, do stop and start procedures simultaneously online. (2) Gas = check whether city gas or propane, reserve opening attendance by 2 weeks before, presence at home on moving day essential. (3) Water = just contact the municipal water bureau, no attendance needed, open the main valve on moving day. (4) Payment = long-term residents use bank-account transfer or credit card; bridge with conbini payment initially.\n::\n",{"id":64,"title":67,"titleEn":68,"topicPath":10,"questions":69},"電気・ガス・水道契約 確認テスト","Utilities Setup Quiz",[70,97,120,143,165],{"id":71,"articleId":6,"question":72,"options":75,"correctLabel":81,"explanation":92,"tags":95},"living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz-q01",{"en":73,"jp":74},"When was full retail liberalization of electricity for households implemented?","[家庭]{かてい:household}[向]{む:directed at}けの[電力]{でんりょく:electricity}[小売]{こうり:retail}[全面]{ぜんめん:full}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization}は[何年]{なんねん:what year}から[実施]{じっし:implemented}されたか。",[76,80,84,88],{"label":77,"jp":78,"en":79},"ア","2011[年]{ねん:year}","2011",{"label":81,"jp":82,"en":83},"イ","2016[年]{ねん:year}","2016",{"label":85,"jp":86,"en":87},"ウ","2017[年]{ねん:year}","2017",{"label":89,"jp":90,"en":91},"エ","2020[年]{ねん:year}","2020",{"en":93,"jp":94},"Full retail liberalization of electricity occurred in April 2016, allowing households to contract with new power retailers (au denki, ENEOS denki, Looop, etc.). Gas liberalization followed in April 2017.","[電力]{でんりょく:electricity}[小売]{こうり:retail}[全面]{ぜんめん:full}[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization}は2016[年]{ねん:year}4[月]{がつ:April}に[実施]{じっし:implemented}され、[家庭]{かてい:households}も[新電力]{しんでんりょく:new power retailers}（auでんき、ENEOS でんき、Looop など）と[契約]{けいやく:contract}できるようになった。ガス[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalization}は[翌年]{よくねん:following year}2017[年]{ねん:year}4[月]{がつ:April}。",[96],"liberalization",{"id":98,"articleId":6,"question":99,"options":102,"correctLabel":81,"explanation":115,"tags":118},"living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz-q02",{"en":100,"jp":101},"Which is correct about the difference between city gas and propane gas (LP)?","[都市]{とし:city}ガスとプロパンガス（LP）の[違]{ちが:differ}いとして[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[103,106,109,112],{"label":77,"jp":104,"en":105},"[都市]{とし:city}ガスはボンベ[配達]{はいたつ:delivery}、プロパンは[配管]{はいかん:pipeline}","City gas is delivered by canister; propane via pipeline",{"label":81,"jp":107,"en":108},"[都市]{とし:city}ガスは[配管]{はいかん:pipeline}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply}（[空気]{くうき:air}より[軽]{かる:light}い[メタン]{メタン:methane}[主成分]{しゅせいぶん:main component}）、プロパンは[ボンベ]{ボンベ:canister}[配達]{はいたつ:delivery}（[空気]{くうき:air}より[重]{おも:heavy}いプロパン）","City gas is piped (lighter than air, methane); propane is delivered in canisters (heavier than air)",{"label":85,"jp":110,"en":111},"[両方]{りょうほう:both}とも[同]{おな:same}じ[料金]{りょうきん:price}","Both have the same pricing",{"label":89,"jp":113,"en":114},"プロパンは[電気]{でんき:electric}[式]{しき:type}","Propane is electric type",{"en":116,"jp":117},"City gas is piped, regulated and cheaper. Propane is canister-delivered with provider-set pricing, generally more expensive. Even gas-leak alarm placement differs (city gas = ceiling, propane = floor).","[都市]{とし:city}ガスは[配管]{はいかん:piped}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply}で[料金]{りょうきん:price}が[規制]{きせい:regulated}・[安価]{あんか:cheap}。プロパンは[ボンベ]{ボンベ:canister}[配達]{はいたつ:delivery}で[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:provider}が[価格]{かかく:price}[設定]{せってい:set}し、[一般的]{いっぱんてき:generally}に[割高]{わりだか:more expensive}。[ガス漏]{がすも:gas-leak}れ[警報]{けいほう:alarm}[器]{き:device}の[設置]{せっち:install}[位置]{いち:location}も[違]{ちが:differ}う（[都市]{とし:city}ガス＝[天井]{てんじょう:ceiling}、プロパン＝[床]{ゆか:floor}）。",[119],"gas-types",{"id":121,"articleId":6,"question":122,"options":125,"correctLabel":81,"explanation":138,"tags":141},"living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz-q03",{"en":123,"jp":124},"Why is presence required for gas opening?","ガスの[開栓]{かいせん:opening}に[立]{た:standby}ち[会]{あ:standby}いが[必要]{ひつよう:required}な[理由]{りゆう:reason}はどれか。",[126,129,132,135],{"label":77,"jp":127,"en":128},"[料金]{りょうきん:fee}[支払]{しはら:payment}いの[確認]{かくにん:confirmation}のため","To confirm payment",{"label":81,"jp":130,"en":131},"[安全]{あんぜん:safety}[確認]{かくにん:check}（[ガス漏]{がすも:gas-leak}れ・[器具]{きぐ:appliance}[適合]{てきごう:compatibility}）と[使用]{しよう:usage}[説明]{せつめい:explanation}が[必要]{ひつよう:needed}なため","Safety check (leaks, appliance compatibility) and usage explanation are needed",{"label":85,"jp":133,"en":134},"[本人]{ほんにん:identity}[確認]{かくにん:verification}のため","For identity verification",{"label":89,"jp":136,"en":137},"[特]{とく:especially}に[理由]{りゆう:reason}はない","No specific reason",{"en":139,"jp":140},"Gas carries explosion and CO-poisoning risks if leaks occur, and appliance compatibility (city gas vs LP) must be confirmed, so a technician must always be present at opening.","ガスは[漏]{も:leak}れた[場合]{ばあい:case}の[爆発]{ばくはつ:explosion}・[一酸化]{いっさんか:carbon monoxide}[炭素]{たんそ:carbon}[中毒]{ちゅうどく:poisoning}リスクが[高]{たか:high}く、[器具]{きぐ:appliance}との[適合]{てきごう:compatibility}（[都市]{とし:city}ガス・LP[専用]{せんよう:specific}）[確認]{かくにん:check}も[必須]{ひっす:essential}なため、[必]{かなら:always}ず[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technician}[員]{いん:personnel}が[立]{た:standby}ち[会]{あ:attending}う。",[142],"gas-safety",{"id":144,"articleId":6,"question":145,"options":148,"correctLabel":81,"explanation":161,"tags":164},"living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz-q04",{"en":146,"jp":147},"What's the typical range of amp contracts for electricity?","[電気]{でんき:electric}の[アンペア]{アンペア:amp}[契約]{けいやく:contract}の[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typical}な[範囲]{はんい:range}はどれか。",[149,152,155,158],{"label":77,"jp":150,"en":151},"5A〜30A","5A-30A",{"label":81,"jp":153,"en":154},"10A〜60A","10A-60A",{"label":85,"jp":156,"en":157},"30A〜120A","30A-120A",{"label":89,"jp":159,"en":160},"[アンペア]{アンペア:amp}[契約]{けいやく:contract}は[存在]{そんざい:exist}しない","No amp-based contract",{"en":162,"jp":163},"Typical range is 10A-60A (single-person living: 20-30A; family of four: about 40-50A). Higher amp = higher base fee.","[一般家庭]{いっぱんかてい:standard household}では10A〜60Aが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typical}な[範囲]{はんい:range}（[一人]{ひとり:single-person}[暮]{ぐ:living}しは20A〜30A、4[人]{にん:people}[家族]{かぞく:family}は40A〜50A[程度]{ていど:about}が[目安]{めやす:rough estimate}）。[アンペア]{アンペア:amp}が[大]{おお:large}きいほど[基本]{きほん:base}[料金]{りょうきん:fee}が[高]{たか:high}くなる。",[46],{"id":166,"articleId":6,"question":167,"options":170,"correctLabel":81,"explanation":183,"tags":186},"living-denki-gas-suidou-quiz-q05",{"en":168,"jp":169},"How is water utility supply currently structured?","[水道]{すいどう:water utilities}の[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply}は[現在]{げんざい:current}どうなっているか。",[171,174,177,180],{"label":77,"jp":172,"en":173},"[電気]{でんき:electric}と[同]{おな:same}じく[自由化]{じゆうか:liberalized}されている","Liberalized like electricity",{"label":81,"jp":175,"en":176},"[各]{かく:each}[地方]{ちほう:local}[自治体]{じちたい:government}が[独占]{どくせん:monopoly}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply}しており、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumer}は[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:provider}を[選]{えら:choose}べない","Each local government supplies as a monopoly; consumers can't choose the provider",{"label":85,"jp":178,"en":179},"[国]{くに:nation}が[直接]{ちょくせつ:directly}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supplies}している","Directly supplied by the central government",{"label":89,"jp":181,"en":182},"[民間]{みんかん:private}[企業]{きぎょう:companies}が[完全]{かんぜん:fully}に[運営]{うんえい:operate}している","Fully operated by private companies",{"en":184,"jp":185},"Water differs from electricity and gas — supply is a monopoly held by local governments (municipalities), and consumers can't choose providers.","[水道]{すいどう:water}は[電気]{でんき:electric}・ガスと[異]{こと:differ}なり、[各]{かく:each}[地方]{ちほう:local}[自治体]{じちたい:government}（[市町村]{しちょうそん:municipality}）が[独占]{どくせん:monopoly}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply}している[ライフライン]{ライフライン:lifeline}で、[消費者]{しょうひしゃ:consumers}は[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:provider}を[選]{えら:choose}べない。",[187],"water-supply"]