[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:jisha-de-kau":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":77,"quiz":78},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":76},"article","living-jisha-de-kau","jisha-de-kau","日本で不動産を買う — 外国人でも住宅ローンを組む方法","Buying Property in Japan as a Foreigner: From Mortgage to Closing","living-in-japan","Practical guide to buying a home in Japan as a foreign resident: the (surprisingly liberal) legal framework that places no nationality restrictions on ownership, the much stricter reality of getting a juutaku-loan (housing loan) — where permanent residency or long zairyū tenure is the gating criterion — the foreigner-friendly lender shortlist (Mizuho, MUFG, SBI Net Bank, Sony Bank, Flat 35), the down payment and 6-10% closing costs (registration, brokerage, stamp duty, loan guarantee), the contract flow built around jūyō-jikō-setsumei and shihō-shoshi registration, and the recurring fixed-asset tax once you own.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fliving-jisha-de-kau.png",[15,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"不動産","ふどうさん","real estate","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"住宅ローン","じゅうたくローン","housing loan",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"永住権","えいじゅうけん","permanent residency",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":19},"在留資格","ざいりゅうしかく","residence status",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"頭金","あたまきん","down payment",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"諸費用","しょひよう","closing\u002Fmiscellaneous costs",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":19},"仲介手数料","ちゅうかいてすうりょう","brokerage fee",{"word":45,"reading":46,"meaning":47,"level":19},"登記費用","とうきひよう","registration fee",{"word":49,"reading":50,"meaning":51,"level":19},"印紙税","いんしぜい","stamp duty",{"word":53,"reading":54,"meaning":55,"level":19},"重要事項説明","じゅうようじこうせつめい","explanation of important matters",{"word":57,"reading":58,"meaning":59,"level":19},"司法書士","しほうしょし","judicial scrivener (registration lawyer)",{"word":61,"reading":62,"meaning":63,"level":19},"固定資産税","こていしさんぜい","fixed-asset (property) tax",{"word":65,"reading":66,"meaning":67,"level":19},"都市計画税","としけいかくぜい","city planning tax",{"word":69,"reading":70,"meaning":71,"level":19},"中古マンション","ちゅうこマンション","pre-owned condominium",{"word":73,"reading":74,"meaning":75,"level":19},"戸建て","こだて","detached house","living-jisha-de-kau-quiz","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}での[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}は、[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}にとって[意外]{いがい:surprisingly:N4}にも[法的]{ほうてき:legal:N3}な[制限]{せいげん:restrictions:N3}が[ほぼ]{ほぼ:nearly}[存在]{そんざい:to exist:N3}しません。[所有権]{しょゆうけん:ownership rights:N3}そのものは[国籍]{こくせき:nationality:N2}や[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}に[関係]{かんけい:regardless:N3}なく[取得]{しゅとく:to acquire:N3}できる[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[現実]{げんじつ:reality:N3}の[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}は[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンの[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}にあります。[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}は[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:permanent residency:N2}を[融資]{ゆうし:loan:N1}の[実質]{じっしつ:effective:N3}[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}としており、[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}と[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing costs:N2}を[合わせる]{あわせる:to combine:N3}と[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[25]{にじゅうご:25}〜[30%]{さんじっ:30%}の[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}を[用意]{ようい:to prepare:N4}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があります。[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}では、[法的]{ほうてき:legal:N3}[枠組み]{わくぐみ:framework:N1}・[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}の[現実]{げんじつ:reality:N3}・[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}フロー・[購入後]{こうにゅうご:post-purchase:N1}の[税金]{ぜいきん:taxes:N2}までを[体系的]{けいけいてき:systematically:N1}に[整理]{せいり:to organize:N1}します。\n\n#en\nBuying real estate in Japan involves, perhaps surprisingly, almost no legal restrictions for foreigners. Ownership itself can be acquired regardless of nationality or residence status; the real wall is the screening process for a housing loan. Many banks treat permanent residency as an effective condition for financing, and combining down payment and closing costs you need to prepare cash equal to 25-30% of the property price. This article systematically organizes the legal framework, the reality of financing, the contract flow, and post-purchase taxes.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法的]{ほうてき:legal:N3}[所有権]{しょゆうけん:ownership:N3}：[国籍]{こくせき:nationality:N2}[制限]{せいげん:restrictions:N3}のない[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}\n\n#en\nLegal Ownership: A Market with No Nationality Restrictions\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}の[大きな]{おおきな:major:N5}[特徴]{とくちょう:characteristic:N1}の[一つ]{ひとつ:one:N5}は、[土地]{とち:land:N4}・[建物]{たてもの:building:N4}の[所有権]{しょゆうけん:ownership:N3}に[国籍]{こくせき:nationality:N2}による[制限]{せいげん:restrictions:N3}が[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}として[設けられて]{もうけられて:to be established:N2}いない[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[シンガポール]{シンガポール:Singapore}や[タイ]{タイ:Thailand}・[フィリピン]{フィリピン:Philippines}など[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[アジア]{アジア:Asia}[諸国]{しょこく:nations:N2}が[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}による[土地]{とち:land:N4}[所有]{しょゆう:ownership:N3}を[禁止]{きんし:to prohibit:N2}または[厳しく]{きびしく:strictly:N1}[制限]{せいげん:restrict:N3}しているのとは[対照的]{たいしょうてき:in contrast:N2}に、[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}では[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}を[持た]{もた:to hold:N4}ない[非]{ひ:non-:N3}[居住]{きょじゅう:resident:N3}[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}でも[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}し[登記]{とうき:to register:N3}することが[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}です。\n\n#en\nA major characteristic of Japan's real estate market is that ownership of land and buildings is in principle subject to no nationality restrictions. In contrast to many Asian nations such as Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, which prohibit or heavily restrict foreign land ownership, in Japan even non-resident foreigners with no residence status can purchase and register a property.\n::\n\n::para\n[2021]{にせんにじゅういち:2021}[年]{ねん:year:N5}に[施行]{しこう:to enforce:N1}された「[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[土地]{とち:land:N4}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}[調査法]{ちょうさほう:investigation act:N2}」により、[自衛隊]{じえいたい:Self-Defense Forces:N1}[基地]{きち:base:N1}[周辺]{しゅうへん:surrounding area:N2}や[国境]{こっきょう:national border:N2}[離島]{りとう:remote islands:N1}などの[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[保障]{ほしょう:guarantee:N1}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[エリア]{エリア:area}での[取引]{とりひき:transactions:N3}には[届出]{とどけで:notification:N2}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}が[課せ]{かせ:to be imposed:N2}られましたが、[一般]{いっぱん:general:N2}[住宅]{じゅうたく:residential:N3}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}では[影響]{えいきょう:impact:N1}は[限定的]{げんていてき:limited:N3}です。[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}は[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}カード（[または]{または:or}[パスポート]{パスポート:passport}）と[印鑑]{いんかん:personal seal:N1}（[非]{ひ:non-:N3}[居住]{きょじゅう:resident:N3}[者]{しゃ:person:N4}は[サイン]{サイン:signature}[証明]{しょうめい:certification:N1}で[代替]{だいたい:to substitute:N2}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}）、[資金]{しきん:funds:N3}[源泉]{げんせん:source:N1}を[示す]{しめす:to show:N3}[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}[残高]{ざんだか:balance:N3}[証明]{しょうめい:certificate:N1}などです。\n\n#en\nThe 2021 \"Important Land Investigation Act\" imposes notification obligations on transactions in security-sensitive areas such as around Self-Defense Forces bases and border-adjacent remote islands, but the impact on the general residential market is limited. The documents needed to buy are a residence card (or passport), a personal seal (non-residents can substitute a signature certification), and bank balance certificates showing the source of funds.\n::\n\n::callout\n[ポイント]{ポイント:Point}：[所有]{しょゆう:ownership:N3}と[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}は[別]{べつ:separate:N4}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}。[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}[一括]{いっかつ:lump-sum:N1}[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}なら[観光]{かんこう:tourist:N3}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}でも[マンション]{マンション:condominium}は[買える]{かえる:can buy:N4}が、[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンを[組む]{くむ:to take out:N3}には[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[実績]{じっせき:track record:N2}と[安定]{あんてい:stable:N3}[収入]{しゅうにゅう:income:N3}が[ほぼ]{ほぼ:practically}[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}。\n\n#en\nKey point: ownership and financing are separate questions. With cash you can buy a condo on a tourist visa, but to take out a housing loan you practically must have residence track record and stable income.\n::\n\n::heading\n[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローン[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}の[現実]{げんじつ:reality:N3}\n\n#en\nThe Reality of Housing Loan Screening\n::\n\n::para\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}が[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンを[組む]{くむ:to take out:N3}[際]{さい:when:N3}の[最大]{さいだい:biggest:N3}の[障壁]{しょうへき:barrier:N1}は、[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}の[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}[基準]{きじゅん:criteria:N1}における「[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:permanent residency:N2}[または]{または:or}[それ]{それ:it}に[準ずる]{じゅんずる:equivalent to:N2}[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[実績]{じっせき:record:N2}」という[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}です。[メガ]{メガ:mega}[バンク]{バンク:bank}（[三菱]{みつびし:Mitsubishi:N1}UFJ・[みずほ]{みずほ:Mizuho}・[三井]{みつい:Mitsui:N1}[住友]{すみとも:Sumitomo:N4}）は[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}として[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:permanent residency:N2}[保有]{ほゆう:holding:N1}を[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}としていますが、[配偶者]{はいぐうしゃ:spouse:N3}が[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese national:N5}である[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}や[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}が[5]{ご:five}[年]{ねん:years:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}・[勤続]{きんぞく:continuous employment:N3}[3]{さん:three}[年]{ねん:years:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}・[年収]{ねんしゅう:annual income:N3}[500]{ごひゃく:500}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}などの[条件]{じょうけん:conditions:N1}を[満たす]{みたす:to meet:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}で[融資]{ゆうし:loan:N1}が[下りる]{おりる:to be granted:N5}[ケース]{ケース:cases}も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}います。\n\n#en\nThe biggest barrier when foreigners take out a housing loan is the bank screening criterion of \"permanent residency or equivalent residence record.\" The mega-banks (Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, Sumitomo Mitsui) in principle require holding permanent residency, but if you meet conditions such as a Japanese spouse, 5+ years residence, 3+ years continuous employment, and annual income of 5 million yen or more, an increasing number of cases see loans approved through individual screening.\n::\n\n::para\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}に[比較的]{ひかくてき:comparatively:N1}[寛容]{かんよう:lenient:N1}な[ネット]{ネット:internet}[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}としては、[SBI新生銀行]{エスビーアイしんせいぎんこう:SBI Shinsei Bank:N4}・[ソニー銀行]{ソニーぎんこう:Sony Bank:N4}・[住信SBIネット銀行]{じゅうしんエスビーアイネットぎんこう:SBI Sumishin Net Bank:N3}・[楽天銀行]{らくてんぎんこう:Rakuten Bank:N4}などが[挙げ]{あげ:to cite:N1}られます。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[ソニー銀行]{ソニーぎんこう:Sony Bank:N4}は[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[対応]{たいおう:support:N1}と[低]{てい:low:N2}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}（[変動]{へんどう:variable:N3}[0.4]{れいてんよん:0.4}〜[0.6%]{ろくパーセント:0.6%}[台]{だい:level:N4}）で[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[エンジニア]{エンジニア:engineer}や[駐在員]{ちゅうざいいん:expatriate:N2}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}が[多く]{おおく:many:N4}、[住信]{じゅうしん:Sumishin:N3}SBIは[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}や[勤続]{きんぞく:continuous employment:N3}[年数]{ねんすう:years:N3}などで[柔軟]{じゅうなん:flexible:N2}な[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}を[行う]{おこなう:to perform:N5}[傾向]{けいこう:tendency:N2}があります。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[いずれ]{いずれ:any}の[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}も[団体]{だんたい:group:N2}[信用]{しんよう:credit:N3}[生命]{せいめい:life:N3}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}（[団信]{だんしん:dan-shin:N2}）への[加入]{かにゅう:enrollment:N3}が[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}で、[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[状態]{じょうたい:condition:N1}が[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}[可否]{かひ:approval:N3}を[左右]{さゆう:to influence:N5}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nInternet banks comparatively lenient toward foreigners include SBI Shinsei Bank, Sony Bank, SBI Sumishin Net Bank, and Rakuten Bank. Sony Bank in particular is widely used by foreign engineers and expatriates for its English support and low interest rates (variable in the 0.4-0.6% range), and Sumishin SBI tends to make flexible individual judgments based on residence period and years of continuous employment. Either way, every bank requires enrollment in group credit life insurance (dan-shin), and your health condition can determine whether financing is approved.\n::\n\n::heading\n[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35} — [永住権]{えいじゅうけん:permanent residency:N2}なしでも[使える]{つかえる:can use:N4}[公的]{こうてき:public:N4}ローン\n\n#en\nFlat 35: A Public Loan Available Without Permanent Residency\n::\n\n::para\n[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}[金融]{きんゆう:finance:N1}[支援]{しえん:support:N1}[機構]{きこう:agency:N3}（[旧]{きゅう:former:N2}[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}[金融]{きんゆう:finance:N1}[公庫]{こうこ:public corporation:N2}）が[民間]{みんかん:private sector:N3}[金融]{きんゆう:financial:N1}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}と[提携]{ていけい:to partner:N1}して[提供]{ていきょう:to offer:N1}する[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}は、[最長]{さいちょう:maximum:N3}[35]{さんじゅうご:35}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}の[全]{ぜん:all:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[固定]{こてい:fixed:N2}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}[型]{がた:type:N2}[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンで、[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}にとって[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}な[選択肢]{せんたくし:option:N1}です。[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}は[1.8]{いってんはち:1.8}〜[2.0%]{にパーセント:2.0%}[台]{だい:level:N4}と[変動]{へんどう:variable:N3}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}より[高め]{たかめ:higher:N5}ですが、[35]{さんじゅうご:35}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}が[変わら]{かわら:to change:N3}ない[安心]{あんしん:peace of mind:N4}[感]{かん:sense:N3}と[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}[基準]{きじゅん:criteria:N1}の[柔軟]{じゅうなん:flexibility:N2}[性]{せい:quality:N3}が[評価]{ひょうか:to evaluate:N1}されています。\n\n#en\nFlat 35, offered by the Japan Housing Finance Agency (formerly the Housing Loan Corporation) in partnership with private financial institutions, is a fixed-rate housing loan covering up to 35 years, and a particularly important option for foreigners. The 2024 interest rate is in the 1.8-2.0% range — higher than variable rates — but it is valued for the peace of mind of an unchanging rate over 35 years and the flexibility of its screening criteria.\n::\n\n::para\n[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}の[最大]{さいだい:greatest:N3}の[強み]{つよみ:strength:N4}は、[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:permanent residency:N2}を[持た]{もた:to hold:N4}ない[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}でも[一定]{いってい:certain:N3}[条件]{じょうけん:conditions:N1}を[満たせば]{みたせば:if you meet:N3}[利用]{りよう:to use:N3}できる[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specifically:N3}には、[安定]{あんてい:stable:N3}[継続]{けいぞく:continuous:N1}[収入]{しゅうにゅう:income:N3}があること・[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}が[永住者]{えいじゅうしゃ:permanent resident:N2}・[特別]{とくべつ:special:N4}[永住者]{えいじゅうしゃ:permanent resident:N2}・[または]{または:or}「[就労]{しゅうろう:work:N1}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}+[本人]{ほんにん:applicant:N5}が[今後]{こんご:from now on:N5}も[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}に[定住]{ていじゅう:to settle:N3}する[意思]{いし:intention:N4}を[有する]{ゆうする:to possess:N4}ことが[確認]{かくにん:to confirm:N3}できる[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}」が[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}とされています。[配偶者]{はいぐうしゃ:spouse:N3}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}・[高度]{こうど:highly skilled:N4}[専門]{せんもん:professional:N2}[職]{しょく:position:N3}・[経営]{けいえい:business:N2}[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}など[長期]{ちょうき:long-term:N3}[滞在]{たいざい:stay:N1}を[前提]{ぜんてい:premise:N1}とした[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}[保有]{ほゆう:holders:N1}[者]{しゃ:persons:N4}は[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[利用]{りよう:to use:N3}しやすいでしょう。\n\n#en\nFlat 35's greatest strength is that it can be used by foreigners without permanent residency if certain conditions are met. Specifically: stable continuous income, and a residence status of permanent resident, special permanent resident, or — for work visa holders — confirmation that the applicant intends to settle in Japan going forward. Holders of long-term-stay-premised statuses such as spouse visa, Highly Skilled Professional, and Business Manager visa are especially well-positioned to use it.\n::\n\n::callout\n[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}[別]{べつ:by:N4}[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}[条件]{じょうけん:conditions:N1}（[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[時点]{じてん:as of:N3}）：①[メガ]{メガ:mega}[バンク]{バンク:bank}＝[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:PR:N2}[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}（[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[例外]{れいがい:exceptions:N3}あり）、②[ソニー銀行]{ソニーぎんこう:Sony Bank:N4}＝[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:PR:N2}[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}だが[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[対応]{たいおう:support:N1}・[最低]{さいてい:lowest:N2}[水準]{すいじゅん:level:N2}[金利]{きんり:rates:N3}、③[住信]{じゅうしん:Sumishin:N3}SBI＝[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:PR:N2}[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}[だが]{だが:but}[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}が[柔軟]{じゅうなん:flexible:N2}、④[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}＝[就労]{しゅうろう:work:N1}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}でも[利用]{りよう:to use:N3}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}（[全]{ぜん:all:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[固定]{こてい:fixed:N2}）、⑤[SBI新生銀行]{エスビーアイしんせいぎんこう:SBI Shinsei:N4}＝[配偶者]{はいぐうしゃ:spouse:N3}が[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese national:N5}なら[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}[相談]{そうだん:consultation:N3}[可]{か:available:N4}。\n\n#en\nForeigner-financing conditions by bank (as of 2024): (1) Mega-banks: in principle require PR (some exceptions); (2) Sony Bank: requires PR but English support and lowest-tier rates; (3) Sumishin SBI: requires PR but flexible individual judgment; (4) Flat 35: usable even on a work visa (fully fixed rate); (5) SBI Shinsei: individual consultation possible if your spouse is Japanese.\n::\n\n::heading\n[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}と[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing costs:N2}：[実際]{じっさい:actually:N3}に[必要]{ひつよう:needed:N3}な[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}\n\n#en\nDown Payment and Closing Costs: The Cash You Actually Need\n::\n\n::para\n[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンを[組む]{くむ:to take out:N3}[際]{さい:when:N3}の[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}は、[従来]{じゅうらい:traditionally:N1}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[20%]{にじっパーセント:20%}が[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}とされてきました。[最近]{さいきん:recently:N3}は[フルローン]{フルローン:full loan}（[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[ゼロ]{ゼロ:zero}）や[10%]{じっパーセント:10%}[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}に[対応]{たいおう:to support:N1}する[金融]{きんゆう:financial:N1}[機関]{きかん:institutions:N3}も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}いますが、[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[借主]{かりぬし:borrower:N4}に[対しては]{たいしては:toward:N3}[より]{より:more}[厳しい]{きびしい:strict:N1}[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[要件]{ようけん:requirements:N3}（[20%]{にじっパーセント:20%}〜[30%]{さんじっパーセント:30%}）が[適用]{てきよう:to apply:N3}されることが[多い]{おおい:many:N4}のが[実情]{じつじょう:reality:N3}です。[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}を[多く]{おおく:more:N4}[入れる]{いれる:to put in:N5}ほど[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}[優遇]{ゆうぐう:preferential treatment:N1}が[受けられる]{うけられる:can receive:N3}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}もあり、[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}では[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[10%]{じっパーセント:10%}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}で[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}が[0.26%]{れいてんにろくパーセント:0.26%}[引き下げ]{ひきさげ:reduction:N3}られる[制度]{せいど:system:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nThe traditional standard down payment when taking out a housing loan is 20% of the property price. Recently more institutions support full loans (zero down) or 10% down, but in reality stricter down payment requirements (20-30%) often apply to foreign borrowers. The more you put down, the more you may get preferential interest rates: under Flat 35, putting down 10%+ qualifies for a 0.26% rate reduction.\n::\n\n::para\n[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}に[加え]{くわえ:in addition:N3}、[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}する[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing costs:N2}は[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[6%]{ろくパーセント:6%}〜[10%]{じっパーセント:10%}に[達します]{たっします:to reach:N3}。[内訳]{うちわけ:breakdown:N1}は[次]{つぎ:following:N3}の[通り]{とおり:as follows:N4}です：[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}（[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[3%]{さんパーセント:3%}+[6]{ろく:6}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[消費]{しょうひ:consumption:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}・[宅建業法]{たっけんぎょうほう:Real Estate Brokerage Act:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}の[上限]{じょうげん:cap:N3}）、[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}[費用]{ひよう:fee:N3}（[所有権]{しょゆうけん:ownership:N3}[移転]{いてん:transfer:N2}[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}+[抵当権]{ていとうけん:mortgage right:N1}[設定]{せってい:establishment:N2}[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}+[司法書士]{しほうしょし:judicial scrivener:N1}[報酬]{ほうしゅう:remuneration:N1}で[20]{にじゅう:20}〜[40]{よんじゅう:40}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）、[印紙税]{いんしぜい:stamp duty:N2}（[売買]{ばいばい:sale:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}に[1]{いち:one}〜[6]{ろく:six}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）、[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}（[評価]{ひょうか:assessed:N1}[額]{がく:value:N2}の[3]{さん:3}〜[4%]{よんパーセント:4%}・[軽減]{けいげん:reduction:N2}[措置]{そち:measures:N1}あり）、[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローン[保証]{ほしょう:guarantee:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}（[借入]{かりいれ:loan:N4}[額]{がく:amount:N2}の[2%]{にパーセント:2%}[前後]{ぜんご:approximately:N5}・[一括]{いっかつ:lump-sum:N1}[または]{または:or}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}[上乗せ]{うわのせ:add-on:N3}）、[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}（[10]{じゅう:10}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[一括]{いっかつ:lump-sum:N1}で[20]{にじゅう:20}〜[40]{よんじゅう:40}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）です。\n\n#en\nOn top of the down payment, closing costs at purchase reach 6-10% of the property price. The breakdown is as follows: brokerage fee (3% of property price + 60,000 yen + consumption tax — the statutory cap under the Real Estate Brokerage Act), registration fees (ownership transfer registration + mortgage establishment registration + judicial scrivener remuneration, 200,000-400,000 yen), stamp duty (10,000-60,000 yen on the purchase contract), real estate acquisition tax (3-4% of assessed value, with reductions available), housing loan guarantee fee (around 2% of the loan amount, paid lump-sum or added to the interest rate), and fire insurance (200,000-400,000 yen as a 10-year lump sum).\n::\n\n::callout\n[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing cost:N2}[計算]{けいさん:calculation:N2}[例]{れい:example:N3}（[5,000]{ごせん:5,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}の[マンション]{マンション:condominium}を[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[20%]{にじっパーセント:20%}で[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}）：[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[1,000]{せん:1,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[171]{ひゃくななじゅういち:171}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}[費用]{ひよう:fee:N3}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[35]{さんじゅうご:35}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[印紙税]{いんしぜい:stamp duty:N2}[3]{さん:3}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[ローン]{ローン:loan}[保証]{ほしょう:guarantee:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[80]{はちじゅう:80}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}[30]{さんじゅう:30}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}+[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[15]{じゅうご:15}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}＝[合計]{ごうけい:total:N3}[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[1,334]{せんさんびゃくさんじゅうよん:1,334}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}（[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[26.7%]{にじゅうろくてんななパーセント:26.7%}）の[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}が[必要]{ひつよう:needed:N3}。\n\n#en\nClosing-cost example (50,000,000 yen condo with 20% down): down payment 10,000,000 + brokerage approx. 1,710,000 + registration approx. 350,000 + stamp duty 30,000 + loan guarantee approx. 800,000 + fire insurance 300,000 + acquisition tax approx. 150,000 = approx. 13,340,000 yen total cash needed (26.7% of property price).\n::\n\n::heading\n[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}・[新築]{しんちく:new build:N2}・[戸建て]{こだて:detached house:N2}の[トレードオフ]{トレードオフ:trade-offs}\n\n#en\nTrade-offs Between Pre-Owned, New Build, and Detached Houses\n::\n\n::para\n[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}は[大きく]{おおきく:broadly:N5}[3]{さん:three}つに[分類]{ぶんるい:to classify:N3}できます。[新築]{しんちく:new-build:N2}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}は[最新]{さいしん:latest:N3}[設備]{せつび:equipment:N2}・[10]{じゅう:10}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}の[品質]{ひんしつ:quality:N4}[保証]{ほしょう:guarantee:N1}・[住宅ローン]{じゅうたくローン:housing loan:N3}[減税]{げんぜい:tax reduction:N2}の[控除]{こうじょ:deduction:N1}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[最大]{さいだい:maximum:N3}（[13]{じゅうさん:13}[年]{ねん:years:N5}）といった[利点]{りてん:advantages:N3}がある[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[新築]{しんちく:new-build:N2}[プレミアム]{プレミアム:premium}（[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[直後]{ちょくご:immediately after:N3}に[10]{じゅう:10}〜[20%]{にじっパーセント:20%}[価値]{かち:value:N1}が[下落]{げらく:to drop:N3}）が[大きい]{おおきい:large:N5}のが[難点]{なんてん:downside:N3}です。[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}は[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[エリア]{エリア:area}・[広さ]{ひろさ:size:N4}でも[新築]{しんちく:new-build:N2}より[20]{にじゅう:20}〜[30%]{さんじっパーセント:30%}[安く]{やすく:cheaper:N4}[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}でき、[実績]{じっせき:track record:N2}のある[管理]{かんり:management:N2}[組合]{くみあい:association:N3}・[修繕]{しゅうぜん:repair:N1}[積立金]{つみたてきん:reserve fund:N3}の[状況]{じょうきょう:status:N2}が[把握]{はあく:to grasp:N1}しやすい[利点]{りてん:advantage:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nPurchase targets fall broadly into three categories. New-build condominiums offer the latest equipment, 10 years of quality guarantee, and the maximum housing-loan tax-deduction period (13 years), but the downside is a large new-build premium (10-20% value drop right after purchase). Pre-owned condos can be bought for 20-30% less than new builds in the same area and size, with the advantage that the track record of the management association and repair reserve fund is easier to assess.\n::\n\n::para\n[戸建て]{こだて:detached house:N2}（[土地]{とち:land:N4}+[建物]{たてもの:building:N4}）は[マンション]{マンション:condominium}と[異なり]{ことなり:unlike:N1}[管理費]{かんりひ:management fee:N2}・[修繕]{しゅうぜん:repair:N1}[積立金]{つみたてきん:reserve fund:N3}が[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary:N3}で、[土地]{とち:land:N4}[部分]{ぶぶん:portion:N3}は[減価]{げんか:depreciation:N1}[償却]{しょうきゃく:amortization:N1}しないため[長期]{ちょうき:long-term:N3}[資産]{しさん:asset:N3}[価値]{かち:value:N1}が[安定]{あんてい:to stabilize:N3}しやすい[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[修繕]{しゅうぜん:repair:N1}は[全て]{すべて:entirely:N3}[所有者]{しょゆうしゃ:owner:N3}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}（[屋根]{やね:roof:N2}・[外壁]{がいへき:exterior wall:N1}[修繕]{しゅうぜん:repair:N1}は[10]{じゅう:10}〜[15]{じゅうご:15}[年]{ねん:years:N5}に[一度]{いちど:once:N4}・[100]{ひゃく:1,000,000}〜[200]{にひゃく:2,000,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）となります。[都内]{とない:within Tokyo:N3}では[戸建て]{こだて:detached:N2}は[土地]{とち:land:N4}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}が[高く]{たかく:expensive:N5}[平均]{へいきん:average:N2}[7,000]{ななせん:7,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[超]{ちょう:over:N2}が[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}で、[現実的]{げんじつてき:realistic:N3}な[選択肢]{せんたくし:option:N1}は[郊外]{こうがい:suburb:N2}や[千葉]{ちば:Chiba:N3}・[埼玉]{さいたま:Saitama:N1}・[神奈川]{かながわ:Kanagawa:N1}になります。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[2020]{にせんにじゅう:2020}[年代]{ねんだい:decade:N4}に[活発化]{かっぱつか:to become active:N3}した[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}+[リノベーション]{リノベーション:renovation}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}は、[割安]{わりやす:relatively cheap:N3}な[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}し[内装]{ないそう:interior:N2}を[全面]{ぜんめん:fully:N3}[更新]{こうしん:to renew:N3}する[手法]{しゅほう:approach:N3}で、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[都内]{とない:within Tokyo:N3}の[駅]{えき:station:N4}[近]{ちか:close to:N4}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}での[人気]{にんき:popularity:N5}が[高まって]{たかまって:to rise:N5}います。\n\n#en\nDetached houses (land + building) — unlike condos — require no management or repair-reserve fees, and because the land portion does not depreciate, long-term asset value tends to be more stable. The flip side is that all repairs are the owner's responsibility (roof and exterior repairs every 10-15 years cost 1-2 million yen). Within Tokyo, detached houses are expensive — averaging over 70 million yen for land — so realistic options are in suburbs or Chiba, Saitama, and Kanagawa. Meanwhile, the pre-owned + renovation market that took off in the 2020s — buying a relatively cheap pre-owned property and fully redoing the interior — is gaining popularity, especially for station-adjacent properties within Tokyo.\n::\n\n::heading\n[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}〜[2025]{にせんにじゅうご:2025}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[都市部]{としぶ:urban:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}[動向]{どうこう:trends:N3}\n\n#en\nUrban Price Trends in 2024-2025\n::\n\n::para\n[首都圏]{しゅとけん:Tokyo metropolitan area:N1}の[マンション]{マンション:condominium}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}は[2013]{にせんじゅうさん:2013}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[アベノミクス]{アベノミクス:Abenomics}[以降]{いこう:since:N3}[継続的]{けいぞくてき:continuously:N1}に[上昇]{じょうしょう:to rise:N2}しており、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[2020]{にせんにじゅう:2020}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[以降]{いこう:since:N3}は[低]{てい:low:N2}[金利]{きんり:interest rate:N3}[継続]{けいぞく:continuation:N1}と[建設]{けんせつ:construction:N2}[コスト]{コスト:costs}の[高騰]{こうとう:surge:N1}により[加速]{かそく:to accelerate:N3}しました。[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}[23]{にじゅうさん:23}[区]{く:wards:N2}の[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}[平均]{へいきん:average:N2}[成約]{せいやく:closing:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}は[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[後半]{こうはん:second half:N5}に[1]{いち:one}[平方メートル]{へいほうメートル:square meter:N3}あたり[120]{ひゃくにじゅう:1,200,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}を[超える]{こえる:to exceed:N2}[水準]{すいじゅん:level:N2}に[達し]{たっし:to reach:N3}、[70]{ななじゅう:70}[平方メートル]{へいほうメートル:square meter:N3}の[ファミリー]{ファミリー:family}[向け]{むけ:targeted at:N3}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}でも[8,000]{はっせん:8,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}〜[1]{いち:1}[億円]{おくえん:100,000,000 yen:N2}が[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}となっています。\n\n#en\nTokyo metropolitan condominium prices have continued to rise since 2013 Abenomics, accelerating after 2020 due to continuing low rates and surging construction costs. Average pre-owned condo closing prices in Tokyo's 23 wards reached over 1.2 million yen per square meter in late 2024; even a 70 m² family-oriented property is now standardly 80-100 million yen.\n::\n\n::para\n[新築]{しんちく:new-build:N2}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}の[価格]{かかく:price:N1}は[さらに]{さらに:further}[高く]{たかく:high:N5}、[首都圏]{しゅとけん:Tokyo metropolitan:N1}の[平均]{へいきん:average:N2}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}は[2024]{にせんにじゅうよん:2024}[年]{ねん:year:N5}に[8,000]{はっせん:8,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}を[突破]{とっぱ:to break through:N3}し、[港区]{みなとく:Minato Ward:N2}・[千代田区]{ちよだく:Chiyoda Ward:N2}・[渋谷区]{しぶやく:Shibuya Ward:N1}など[都心]{としん:central Tokyo:N3}[3]{さん:three}[区]{く:wards:N2}では[1]{いち:one}[平方メートル]{へいほうメートル:square meter:N3}あたり[200]{にひゃく:2,000,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[超]{ちょう:exceeding:N2}の[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}も[珍しく]{めずらしく:rare:N2}ありません。[円安]{えんやす:weak yen:N4}を[背景]{はいけい:backdrop:N3}に[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}[投資]{とうし:investor:N3}[家]{か:individual:N4}（[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[中国]{ちゅうごく:Chinese:N5}・[シンガポール]{シンガポール:Singaporean}・[米国]{べいこく:US:N3}[在住]{ざいじゅう:residents:N3}）による[購入]{こうにゅう:purchases:N1}が[価格]{かかく:price:N1}を[押し上げ]{おしあげ:to push up:N3}ている[側面]{そくめん:aspect:N3}もあり、[実需]{じつじゅ:real-demand:N1}[層]{そう:tier:N2}の[購買]{こうばい:purchasing:N1}[力]{りょく:power:N4}との[乖離]{かいり:divergence:N1}が[論議]{ろんぎ:debate:N3}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}となっています。\n\n#en\nNew-build condo prices are even higher: the Tokyo metropolitan average broke 80 million yen in 2024, and in central Tokyo's three wards (Minato, Chiyoda, Shibuya) properties exceeding 2 million yen per square meter are not rare. Against the backdrop of a weak yen, purchases by overseas investors (especially residents of China, Singapore, and the US) are also pushing prices up, and the divergence from the purchasing power of real-demand buyers has become a subject of debate.\n::\n\n::heading\n[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}フロー：[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}から[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}まで\n\n#en\nContract Flow: From the Explanation of Important Matters to Registration\n::\n\n::para\n[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}が[決まった]{きまった:decided:N3}[後]{あと:after:N5}の[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}フローは[次]{つぎ:following:N3}の[通り]{とおり:as follows:N4}です。[第一]{だいいち:first:N1}[段階]{だんかい:step:N2}は[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[申込書]{もうしこみしょ:application form:N3}（[買付]{かいつけ:purchase:N3}[証明]{しょうめい:certificate:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}）の[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}と[手付金]{てつけきん:earnest money:N3}[相当]{そうとう:equivalent:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}の[確認]{かくにん:confirmation:N3}です。[第二]{だいに:second:N1}[段階]{だんかい:step:N2}は[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンの[事前]{じぜん:pre-:N4}[審査]{しんさ:approval:N1}（[本]{ほん:final:N5}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}[前]{まえ:before:N5}に[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}が[借入]{かりいれ:loan:N4}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}を[判断]{はんだん:to judge:N3}・[1]{いっ:one}[週間]{しゅうかん:week:N4}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}）です。[事前]{じぜん:pre-:N4}[審査]{しんさ:approval:N1}が[通った]{とおった:approved:N4}ら[第三]{だいさん:third:N1}[段階]{だんかい:step:N2}として[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}（[宅建士]{たっけんし:licensed broker:N1}が[書面]{しょめん:written:N3}を[読み上げる]{よみあげる:to read aloud:N5}・[1]{いち:one}〜[2]{に:two}[時間]{じかん:hours:N5}）と[売買]{ばいばい:sale:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}への[署名]{しょめい:signature:N2}・[手付金]{てつけきん:earnest money:N3}（[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[5]{ご:5}〜[10%]{じっパーセント:10%}）の[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}を[行います]{おこないます:to perform:N5}。\n\n#en\nAfter deciding on a property, the contract flow is as follows. Step 1 is submitting the purchase application form and confirming the earnest-money equivalent. Step 2 is housing loan pre-approval (the bank judges your borrowable amount before final screening, taking about a week). Once pre-approval is granted, Step 3 is the explanation of important matters (the licensed broker reads the document aloud, taking 1-2 hours), signing the purchase contract, and paying earnest money (5-10% of the property price).\n::\n\n::para\n[第四]{だいよん:fourth:N1}[段階]{だんかい:step:N2}は[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}ローンの[本]{ほん:final:N5}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}（[2]{に:two}〜[3]{さん:three}[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}）と[金銭]{きんせん:money:N1}[消費]{しょうひ:consumption:N3}[貸借]{たいしゃく:loan:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}（[金消]{きんしょう:loan agreement:N3}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}）の[締結]{ていけつ:conclusion:N1}です。[第五]{だいご:fifth:N1}[段階]{だんかい:step:N2}は[決済]{けっさい:settlement:N3}・[引渡し]{ひきわたし:handover:N3}で、[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}から[融資]{ゆうし:loan:N1}が[実行]{じっこう:to execute:N3}され[残金]{ざんきん:balance:N3}が[売主]{うりぬし:seller:N4}に[支払わ]{しはらわ:to be paid:N3}れ、[同時]{どうじ:simultaneously:N4}に[司法書士]{しほうしょし:judicial scrivener:N1}が[所有権]{しょゆうけん:ownership:N3}[移転]{いてん:transfer:N2}[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}と[抵当権]{ていとうけん:mortgage right:N1}[設定]{せってい:establishment:N2}[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}を[法務局]{ほうむきょく:Legal Affairs Bureau:N3}に[申請]{しんせい:to apply:N1}します。[司法書士]{しほうしょし:judicial scrivener:N1}は[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}の[国家]{こっか:national:N4}[資格]{しかく:certification:N3}[保有]{ほゆう:holders:N1}[者]{しゃ:persons:N4}で、[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}が[紹介]{しょうかい:to introduce:N2}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}が[多い]{おおい:many:N4}ですが、[個別]{こべつ:individually:N2}に[依頼]{いらい:to engage:N2}することも[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}です。[全体]{ぜんたい:overall:N3}の[期間]{きかん:period:N3}は[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[申込]{もうしこみ:application:N3}から[引渡し]{ひきわたし:handover:N3}まで[最短]{さいたん:shortest:N2}[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[半]{はん:half:N5}・[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}[2]{に:two}〜[3]{さん:three}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}が[目安]{めやす:rough guide:N4}です。\n\n#en\nStep 4 is final loan screening (2-3 weeks) and concluding the loan agreement (kinshō contract). Step 5 is settlement and handover: the bank executes the loan, the balance is paid to the seller, and at the same time the shihō-shoshi (judicial scrivener) files the ownership transfer registration and mortgage establishment registration with the Legal Affairs Bureau. The shihō-shoshi is a national-licensed registration specialist, often introduced by the bank, but you can also engage one individually. Total duration from purchase application to handover is at minimum 1.5 months, with 2-3 months as the standard rough guide.\n::\n\n::callout\n[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[ポイント]{ポイント:point}：[手付金]{てつけきん:earnest money:N3}は[融資]{ゆうし:loan:N1}[実行]{じっこう:execution:N3}[前]{まえ:before:N5}に[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}で[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}ため、[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing costs:N2}とは[別]{べつ:separate:N4}に[手元]{てもと:on hand:N4}に[用意]{ようい:to prepare:N4}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}がある。[本]{ほん:final:N5}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}が[通ら]{とおら:to pass:N4}なかった[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に[備え]{そなえ:to prepare for:N3}、[売買]{ばいばい:sale:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}に「[ローン]{ローン:loan}[特約]{とくやく:special clause:N3}」（[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}[不]{ふ:not:N4}[承認]{しょうにん:approved:N2}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[手付金]{てつけきん:earnest money:N3}が[全額]{ぜんがく:fully:N2}[返還]{へんかん:to be refunded:N1}される[条項]{じょうこう:clause:N1}）を[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[入れる]{いれる:to include:N5}こと。\n\n#en\nPractical point: earnest money is paid in cash before the loan executes, so you must prepare it on hand separately from the closing costs. To prepare for the case where final screening does not pass, always include a \"loan special clause\" in the purchase contract (a clause refunding the full earnest money if financing is not approved).\n::\n\n::heading\n[購入後]{こうにゅうご:post-purchase:N1}の[毎年]{まいとし:annual:N5}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}：[固定資産税]{こていしさんぜい:fixed-asset tax:N2}と[都市計画税]{としけいかくぜい:city planning tax:N2}\n\n#en\nAnnual Post-Purchase Burden: Fixed-Asset Tax and City Planning Tax\n::\n\n::para\n[不動産]{ふどうさん:real estate:N3}を[所有]{しょゆう:to own:N3}すると、[毎年]{まいとし:annually:N5}[1]{いち:one}[月]{がつ:January:N5}[1]{いち:one}[日]{にち:1st:N5}[時点]{じてん:as of:N3}の[所有者]{しょゆうしゃ:owner:N3}に[対し]{たいし:to:N3}[市区]{しく:city\u002Fward:N2}[町村]{ちょうそん:town\u002Fvillage:N2}（[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}[23]{にじゅうさん:23}[区]{く:wards:N2}は[都税]{とぜい:metropolitan tax:N2}）から[固定資産税]{こていしさんぜい:fixed-asset tax:N2}が[課税]{かぜい:to be taxed:N2}されます。[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}[税率]{ぜいりつ:tax rate:N1}は[評価]{ひょうか:assessed:N1}[額]{がく:value:N2}（[公示]{こうじ:publicly announced:N3}[地価]{ちか:land price:N1}の[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[70%]{ななじっパーセント:70%}）の[1.4%]{いってんよんパーセント:1.4%}で、[市街化]{しがいか:urbanization:N1}[区域]{くいき:zone:N2}の[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}には[都市計画税]{としけいかくぜい:city planning tax:N2}（[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}[税率]{ぜいりつ:tax rate:N1}[0.3%]{れいてんさんパーセント:0.3%}）も[追加]{ついか:additionally:N3}で[課税]{かぜい:to be taxed:N2}されます。[2]{に:two}つを[合わせて]{あわせて:combined:N3}「[固]{こ:fixed:N2}・[都]{と:city:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}」と[呼ば]{よば:to be called:N3}れ、[年]{ねん:year:N5}[4]{よん:four}[回]{かい:times:N3}に[分割]{ぶんかつ:in installments:N3}（[または]{または:or}[一括]{いっかつ:lump sum:N1}）で[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}します。\n\n#en\nOnce you own real estate, fixed-asset tax is levied each year by the municipality (in Tokyo's 23 wards, by the metropolis) on whoever is the owner as of January 1. The standard rate is 1.4% of assessed value (about 70% of the publicly announced land price), and properties in urbanization zones are also additionally taxed under city planning tax (standard rate 0.3%). Together they are called \"ko-to tax\" and paid in 4 installments per year (or as a lump sum).\n::\n\n::para\n[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}[23]{にじゅうさん:23}[区]{く:wards:N2}の[ファミリー]{ファミリー:family}[向け]{むけ:targeted at:N3}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}（[価格]{かかく:price:N1}[8,000]{はっせん:8,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}・[評価]{ひょうか:assessed:N1}[額]{がく:value:N2}[5,600]{ごせんろっぴゃく:5,600}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}）の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[年間]{ねんかん:annual:N5}の[固]{こ:fixed:N2}・[都]{と:city:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}は[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[15]{じゅうご:15}〜[25]{にじゅうご:25}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}（[新築]{しんちく:new build:N2}は[当初]{とうしょ:initial:N3}[5]{ご:five}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}[半額]{はんがく:half-price:N2}[軽減]{けいげん:reduction:N2}[措置]{そち:measure:N1}あり）が[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}です。[戸建て]{こだて:detached house:N2}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[土地]{とち:land:N4}[面積]{めんせき:area:N3}が[大きい]{おおきい:large:N5}ため[20]{にじゅう:20}〜[30]{さんじゅう:30}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}に[達する]{たっする:to reach:N3}[ケース]{ケース:cases}も[少なく]{すくなく:not rare:N4}ありません。[小規模]{しょうきぼ:small-scale:N1}[住宅]{じゅうたく:residential:N3}[用地]{ようち:land:N4}（[200]{にひゃく:200}[平方メートル]{へいほうメートル:square meter:N3}[以下]{いか:or less:N4}）には[固定資産税]{こていしさんぜい:fixed-asset tax:N2}[評価]{ひょうか:assessed:N1}[額]{がく:value:N2}が[1\u002F6]{ろくぶんのいち:1\u002F6}・[都市計画税]{としけいかくぜい:city planning tax:N2}が[1\u002F3]{さんぶんのいち:1\u002F3}に[減額]{げんがく:to reduce:N2}される[特例]{とくれい:special provision:N3}があり、[戸建て]{こだて:detached:N2}の[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}を[緩和]{かんわ:to alleviate:N1}しています。\n\n#en\nFor a family-oriented condo in Tokyo's 23 wards (price 80M yen, assessed value about 56M yen), the standard annual ko-to tax is about 150,000-250,000 yen (new builds get a half-price reduction for the first 5 years). Detached houses, with larger land area, often reach 200,000-300,000 yen. Small-scale residential land (200 m² or less) qualifies for a special reduction — fixed-asset tax assessed value to 1\u002F6 and city planning tax to 1\u002F3 — easing the burden on detached homes.\n::\n\n::heading\n[リフォーム]{リフォーム:reform}・[リノベーション]{リノベーション:renovation}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}の[拡大]{かくだい:expansion:N1}\n\n#en\nExpansion of the Reform and Renovation Market\n::\n\n::para\n[新築]{しんちく:new build:N2}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[高騰]{こうとう:surge:N1}を[背景]{はいけい:backdrop:N3}に、[中古]{ちゅうこ:pre-owned:N4}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[購入]{こうにゅう:to purchase:N1}し[内装]{ないそう:interior:N2}を[全面]{ぜんめん:fully:N3}[改装]{かいそう:to renovate:N2}する[「リノベーション」]{リノベーション:renovation}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}が[活発化]{かっぱつか:becoming active:N3}しています。[リフォーム]{リフォーム:reform}（[部分]{ぶぶん:partial:N3}[改修]{かいしゅう:renovation:N1}）と[異なり]{ことなり:unlike:N1}、[リノベーション]{リノベーション:renovation}は[間取り]{まどり:floor plan:N3}の[変更]{へんこう:changes:N3}・[配管]{はいかん:plumbing:N2}や[電気]{でんき:electrical:N5}[設備]{せつび:equipment:N2}の[全]{ぜん:full:N3}[更新]{こうしん:upgrade:N3}・[内装]{ないそう:interior:N2}[材]{ざい:materials:N2}の[一新]{いっしん:complete renewal:N4}などにより[新築]{しんちく:new-build:N2}[同等]{どうとう:equivalent:N3}の[居住]{きょじゅう:living:N3}[性能]{せいのう:performance:N3}を[実現]{じつげん:to achieve:N3}する[手法]{しゅほう:approach:N3}です。\n\n#en\nAgainst the backdrop of soaring new-build condo prices, the renovation market — buying a pre-owned property and fully redoing the interior — is becoming active. Unlike reform (partial renovation), renovation is an approach that achieves new-build-equivalent residential performance through floor plan changes, full plumbing and electrical upgrades, and complete interior material renewal.\n::\n\n::para\n[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}は[マンション]{マンション:condominium}[60]{ろくじゅう:60}〜[80]{はちじゅう:80}[平方メートル]{へいほうメートル:square meter:N3}の[フル]{フル:full}[リノベーション]{リノベーション:renovation}で[800]{はっぴゃく:8,000,000}〜[1,500]{せんごひゃく:15,000,000}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}です。[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}+[リノベーション]{リノベーション:renovation}を[ワン]{ワン:one}[ストップ]{ストップ:stop}で[扱う]{あつかう:to handle:N1}[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:agencies:N4}（[リノベる]{リノベる:Renoveru}・[ナサ]{ナサ:Nasa}・[グローバルベイス]{グローバルベイス:Global Base}など）も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}おり、[専用]{せんよう:dedicated:N2}の[「リノベーションローン」]{リノベーションローン:renovation loan}（[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}+[改装]{かいそう:renovation:N2}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}を[一体]{いったい:as one:N4}[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}）も[各]{かく:each:N2}[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}で[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}[化]{か:has been productized:N3}されています。[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}にとっては、[新築]{しんちく:new build:N2}[プレミアム]{プレミアム:premium}を[避け]{さけ:to avoid:N1}つつ[自分]{じぶん:one's own:N4}の[ライフスタイル]{ライフスタイル:lifestyle}に[合わせた]{あわせた:tailored to:N3}[空間]{くうかん:space:N4}を[実現]{じつげん:to realize:N3}できる[コスト]{コスト:cost}[効率]{こうりつ:efficiency:N1}の[良い]{よい:good:N3}[選択肢]{せんたくし:option:N1}と[言えます]{いえます:can be called:N4}。\n\n#en\nThe cost benchmark is 8-15 million yen for a full renovation of a 60-80 m² condo. Agencies offering one-stop purchase + renovation (Renoveru, Nasa, Global Base, etc.) are increasing, and dedicated \"renovation loans\" (financing purchase + renovation cost together) have been productized at each bank. For foreigners, this is a cost-efficient option that avoids the new-build premium while realizing a space tailored to one's own lifestyle.\n::\n\n::heading\n[最終]{さいしゅう:final:N3}まとめ — [購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[判断]{はんだん:decision:N3}の[5]{いつ:5}つの[論点]{ろんてん:considerations:N3}\n\n#en\nFinal Summary: Five Considerations for the Purchase Decision\n::\n\n::callout\n①[所有]{しょゆう:ownership:N3}は[国籍]{こくせき:nationality:N2}[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}なし[だが]{だが:but}[融資]{ゆうし:financing:N1}は[永住権]{えいじゅうけん:PR:N2}が[実質]{じっしつ:effective:N3}[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}（[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}は[就労]{しゅうろう:work:N1}[ビザ]{ビザ:visa}でも[利用]{りよう:usable:N3}[可]{か:possible:N4}）、②[頭金]{あたまきん:down payment:N3}[20%]{にじっパーセント:20%}+[諸費用]{しょひよう:closing costs:N2}[6]{ろく:6}〜[10%]{じっパーセント:10%}＝[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}[価格]{かかく:price:N1}の[26]{にじゅうろく:26}〜[30%]{さんじっパーセント:30%}の[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}[必要]{ひつよう:needed:N3}、③[銀行]{ぎんこう:bank:N4}[選び]{えらび:selection:N3}は[ソニー銀行]{ソニーぎんこう:Sony Bank:N4}・[住信SBI]{じゅうしんエスビーアイ:Sumishin SBI:N3}・[フラット35]{フラットさんじゅうご:Flat 35}を[基本]{きほん:base:N1}に[比較]{ひかく:comparison:N1}、④[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}フローは[購入]{こうにゅう:purchase:N1}[申込]{もうしこみ:application:N3}→[事前]{じぜん:pre-:N4}[審査]{しんさ:approval:N1}→[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}+[手付金]{てつけきん:earnest money:N3}→[本]{ほん:final:N5}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}→[決済]{けっさい:settlement:N3}・[司法書士]{しほうしょし:judicial scrivener:N1}[登記]{とうき:registration:N3}（[2]{に:2}〜[3]{さん:3}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}）、⑤[購入後]{こうにゅうご:post-purchase:N1}は[毎年]{まいとし:annually:N5}[固]{こ:fixed:N2}・[都]{と:city:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}（[都内]{とない:within Tokyo:N3}[マンション]{マンション:condominium}で[15]{じゅうご:15}〜[25]{にじゅうご:25}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）と[管理費]{かんりひ:management fee:N2}・[修繕]{しゅうぜん:repair:N1}[積立金]{つみたてきん:reserve fund:N3}が[継続]{けいぞく:continuously:N1}[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}。\n\n#en\n(1) Ownership is unrestricted by nationality but financing makes PR an effective condition (Flat 35 can be used even on a work visa); (2) 20% down + 6-10% closing = cash needed equal to 26-30% of property price; (3) base your bank comparison on Sony Bank, Sumishin SBI, and Flat 35; (4) contract flow is purchase application → pre-approval → explanation of important matters + earnest money → final screening → settlement and shihō-shoshi registration (2-3 months); (5) post-purchase you face annual ko-to tax (150,000-250,000 yen for a Tokyo condo) plus continuous management and repair-reserve fees.\n::\n",{"id":76,"title":79,"articleId":6,"topicPath":10,"questions":80},"外国人の持ち家購入 確認テスト",[81,108,131,154,176,199,221],{"id":82,"articleId":6,"question":83,"options":86,"correctLabel":92,"explanation":103,"tags":106},"q1-legal-ownership",{"en":84,"jp":85},"Which most accurately describes foreign nationals' real estate ownership rights in Japan?","日本における外国人の不動産所有権について、最も正確な記述はどれですか？",[87,91,95,99],{"label":88,"jp":89,"en":90},"ア","永住権を持たない外国人は土地を所有できず、建物のみ購入可能である。","Foreigners without permanent residency cannot own land and may only purchase buildings.",{"label":92,"jp":93,"en":94},"イ","在留資格や国籍に関係なく所有権を取得でき、観光ビザ滞在者でも現金一括なら購入可能である。","Ownership can be acquired regardless of residence status or nationality; even tourist-visa holders can buy with an all-cash purchase.",{"label":96,"jp":97,"en":98},"ウ","外国人は日本人配偶者がいる場合に限り不動産を所有できる。","Foreigners can only own real estate if they have a Japanese spouse.",{"label":100,"jp":101,"en":102},"エ","外国人による不動産購入には総務省への事前許可が必要である。","Foreign real estate purchases require prior approval from the Ministry of Internal Affairs.",{"en":104,"jp":105},"Japan generally imposes no nationality restrictions on ownership of land or buildings, so non-resident foreigners can also buy and register property. The 2021 Important Land Investigation Act only added notification duties in security-sensitive areas and has limited impact on the general housing market. Note that financing (mortgages) and ownership are separate issues.","日本では土地・建物の所有権に国籍制限が原則なく、非居住外国人でも購入・登記が可能です。2021年の重要土地等調査法は安全保障上重要なエリアでの届出義務を課したのみで、一般住宅市場には影響が限定的です。融資（住宅ローン）と所有権は別問題である点が重要。",[107],"法的所有権",{"id":109,"articleId":6,"question":110,"options":113,"correctLabel":96,"explanation":126,"tags":129},"q2-loan-requirement",{"en":111,"jp":112},"What do megabanks (MUFG, Mizuho, SMBC) effectively require, in principle, from foreign borrowers applying for a mortgage?","メガバンク（三菱UFJ・みずほ・三井住友）が外国人借主に対して原則として住宅ローンの実質条件としているのは何ですか？",[114,117,120,123],{"label":88,"jp":115,"en":116},"日本での3年以上の居住実績","At least three years of residence in Japan",{"label":92,"jp":118,"en":119},"年収1,000万円以上","Annual income of 10 million yen or more",{"label":96,"jp":121,"en":122},"永住権の保有","Holding permanent residency",{"label":100,"jp":124,"en":125},"日本国籍への帰化申請中であること","Having an active application for Japanese naturalization",{"en":127,"jp":128},"Megabanks generally require permanent residency. Loans may be approved on a case-by-case basis for applicants with a Japanese spouse or who meet criteria such as 5+ years of residence, 3+ years of continuous employment, and 5M+ yen annual income, but permanent residency is the de facto standard. Even foreigner-friendly online banks like Sony Bank and SBI Shinsei Net Bank generally require permanent residency.","メガバンクは原則として永住権保有を必須条件としています。配偶者が日本人である場合や在留期間5年以上・勤続3年以上・年収500万円以上などの条件を満たす場合に個別審査で融資が下りるケースもありますが、永住権が標準的な実質条件です。ソニー銀行・住信SBIネット銀行など外国人に比較的寛容なネット銀行でも永住権必須が原則です。",[130],"住宅ローン要件",{"id":132,"articleId":6,"question":133,"options":136,"correctLabel":92,"explanation":149,"tags":152},"q3-down-payment",{"en":134,"jp":135},"What is the typical down-payment level banks require from foreign borrowers taking out a mortgage?","外国人借主が住宅ローンを組む際、銀行が要求する頭金の標準的な水準として最も適切なのはどれですか？",[137,140,143,146],{"label":88,"jp":138,"en":139},"物件価格の5%程度（フルローンが一般的）","About 5% of the property price (full loans are common)",{"label":92,"jp":141,"en":142},"物件価格の20〜30%","20–30% of the property price",{"label":96,"jp":144,"en":145},"物件価格の50%以上","50% or more of the property price",{"label":100,"jp":147,"en":148},"物件価格の100%（全額現金）","100% of the property price (all cash)",{"en":150,"jp":151},"For Japanese borrowers, 20% is the standard, with full loans (zero down) or 10% down also possible. Foreign borrowers face stricter terms, typically 20–30%. Flat 35 offers a 0.26% rate reduction for down payments of 10% or more.","日本人借主の場合は20%が標準で、最近はフルローン（頭金ゼロ）や10%頭金も可能ですが、外国人借主に対してはより厳しい要件として20〜30%が適用されることが多いです。フラット35では頭金10%以上で金利が0.26%引き下げられる優遇制度もあります。",[153],"頭金相場",{"id":155,"articleId":6,"question":156,"options":159,"correctLabel":92,"explanation":172,"tags":175},"q4-closing-costs",{"en":157,"jp":158},"Which most accurately describes closing costs (shohiyou) when buying real estate in Japan?","日本で不動産を購入する際の諸費用（closing costs）について、最も正確な記述はどれですか？",[160,163,166,169],{"label":88,"jp":161,"en":162},"物件価格の1〜2%程度に収まり、頭金以外の追加現金はほぼ不要である。","They stay within 1–2% of the property price, so almost no additional cash beyond the down payment is required.",{"label":92,"jp":164,"en":165},"物件価格の6〜10%に達し、仲介手数料（3%+6万円+消費税）・登記費用・印紙税・ローン保証料・火災保険などで構成される。","They reach 6–10% of the property price and include the brokerage fee (3% + 60,000 yen + consumption tax), registration fees, stamp duty, loan guarantee fees, and fire insurance.",{"label":96,"jp":167,"en":168},"全額が住宅ローンに含まれるため、別途現金で用意する必要はない。","They are entirely included in the mortgage, so no separate cash is needed.",{"label":100,"jp":170,"en":171},"不動産取得税のみが発生し、その他の費用は売主負担となる。","Only the real estate acquisition tax applies; all other costs are borne by the seller.",{"en":173,"jp":174},"Closing costs reach 6–10% of the property price. Main items are the brokerage fee (capped by law at 3% + 60,000 yen + consumption tax), registration fees (title transfer + mortgage lien + judicial scrivener fees totaling 200,000–400,000 yen), stamp duty, real estate acquisition tax, loan guarantee fee (around 2% of the loan), and fire insurance. These must be prepared in cash separately from the down payment.","諸費用は物件価格の6〜10%に達します。主な項目は仲介手数料（宅建業法上の上限は3%+6万円+消費税）、登記費用（所有権移転+抵当権設定+司法書士報酬で20〜40万円）、印紙税、不動産取得税、住宅ローン保証料（借入額の2%前後）、火災保険料です。頭金とは別に手元に用意する必要があります。",[37],{"id":177,"articleId":6,"question":178,"options":181,"correctLabel":88,"explanation":194,"tags":197},"q5-flat35",{"en":179,"jp":180},"Which feature of Flat 35 is especially important for foreign residents?","フラット35の特徴として、外国人にとって特に重要な点はどれですか？",[182,185,188,191],{"label":88,"jp":183,"en":184},"永住権なしでも一定条件を満たせば利用可能な全期間固定金利型住宅ローンである。","It is a fully fixed-rate mortgage usable without permanent residency if certain conditions are met.",{"label":92,"jp":186,"en":187},"民間銀行よりも常に金利が低く、変動金利型より有利である。","It always has lower rates than private banks and is more favorable than variable-rate loans.",{"label":96,"jp":189,"en":190},"利用には日本国籍が必須であり、外国人は申し込めない。","Japanese nationality is required and foreigners cannot apply.",{"label":100,"jp":192,"en":193},"最長10年の短期固定金利ローンで、新築マンションのみ対象である。","It is a short-term fixed-rate loan of up to 10 years, available only for newly built condos.",{"en":195,"jp":196},"Flat 35 is a fully fixed-rate mortgage of up to 35 years provided by JHF in partnership with private lenders, and foreigners can use it if they meet conditions like stable income and either permanent\u002Fspecial-permanent residence or a work visa plus confirmed intent to settle. 2024 rates of 1.8–2.0% are higher than variable rates, but the locked-in 35-year rate and flexible underwriting make it an important option for foreigners.","フラット35は住宅金融支援機構が民間金融機関と提携して提供する最長35年の全期間固定金利型住宅ローンで、永住権なしでも一定条件（安定継続収入・永住者または特別永住者・または就労ビザ+定住意思の確認）を満たせば外国人も利用可能です。2024年の金利は1.8〜2.0%台と変動金利より高めですが、35年間金利が変わらない安心感と審査基準の柔軟性が外国人にとって重要な選択肢となっています。",[198],"フラット35",{"id":200,"articleId":6,"question":201,"options":204,"correctLabel":96,"explanation":217,"tags":220},"q6-property-tax",{"en":202,"jp":203},"Which most accurately describes the fixed asset tax (kotei-shisan-zei) charged annually on real estate in Japan?","日本で不動産を所有した場合に毎年課税される固定資産税について、最も正確な記述はどれですか？",[205,208,211,214],{"label":88,"jp":206,"en":207},"購入時に一度だけ支払えばよく、毎年の負担はない。","It is paid only once at purchase and there is no annual burden.",{"label":92,"jp":209,"en":210},"国税であり、税務署に申告して支払う。","It is a national tax declared and paid at the tax office.",{"label":96,"jp":212,"en":213},"標準税率は評価額の1.4%で、市街化区域では都市計画税（0.3%）も追加され、市区町村（都内は都税）から課税される。","The standard rate is 1.4% of the assessed value, with an additional city planning tax (0.3%) in urbanization-promotion zones, levied by the municipality (or the Tokyo Metropolitan Government within the 23 wards).",{"label":100,"jp":215,"en":216},"外国人所有者には課税されず、日本人所有者のみが対象である。","It is not levied on foreign owners — only on Japanese owners.",{"en":218,"jp":219},"The fixed asset tax is a local tax levied each year on owners as of January 1 by the municipality (the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for the 23 wards), at a standard 1.4% of the assessed value (about 70% of the published land price). Properties in urbanization-promotion zones also pay a city planning tax (standard 0.3%); together they are called \"ko-to-zei.\" A family condo in Tokyo (around 80M yen) typically incurs 150,000–250,000 yen per year, paid in four installments or in one lump sum. New builds get a 50% reduction for the first five years, and small residential lots (200 m² or less) qualify for substantial reductions.","固定資産税は毎年1月1日時点の所有者に対し市区町村（東京23区は都税）から課税される地方税で、標準税率は評価額（公示地価の約70%）の1.4%です。市街化区域の物件には都市計画税（標準税率0.3%）も追加され、合わせて「固・都税」と呼ばれます。都内のファミリー向けマンション（8,000万円程度）で年間15〜25万円が標準で、年4回に分割（または一括）で支払います。新築には当初5年間の半額軽減措置や、小規模住宅用地（200平方メートル以下）には大幅な減額特例があります。",[61],{"id":222,"articleId":6,"question":223,"options":226,"correctLabel":96,"explanation":239,"tags":242},"q7-contract-flow",{"en":224,"jp":225},"In the property purchase flow, what role does the shiho-shoshi (judicial scrivener) play most accurately?","不動産購入の契約フローにおいて、「司法書士」が果たす役割として最も正確なのはどれですか？",[227,230,233,236],{"label":88,"jp":228,"en":229},"物件の現地調査と価格査定を行い、購入価格の妥当性を判断する。","Inspecting the property on-site and appraising it to judge whether the price is appropriate.",{"label":92,"jp":231,"en":232},"住宅ローンの審査を実施し、借入可能額を決定する。","Conducting the mortgage underwriting and deciding the loan amount.",{"label":96,"jp":234,"en":235},"決済時に所有権移転登記と抵当権設定登記を法務局に申請する国家資格保有者である。","A nationally licensed professional who, at settlement, files the title transfer and mortgage-lien registrations with the Legal Affairs Bureau.",{"label":100,"jp":237,"en":238},"売主と買主の間に入って物件を仲介し、仲介手数料を受け取る。","Acting as a broker between seller and buyer and collecting a brokerage fee.",{"en":240,"jp":241},"A shiho-shoshi (judicial scrivener) is a nationally licensed specialist in registration procedures who files the title transfer and mortgage-lien registrations with the Legal Affairs Bureau at settlement. They are often introduced by the bank but can also be hired directly. Brokering is handled by licensed real estate agents, underwriting by the bank, and valuations by real estate appraisers.","司法書士は登記手続きの国家資格保有者で、決済・引渡し時に所有権移転登記と抵当権設定登記を法務局に申請します。銀行が紹介する場合が多いですが、個別に依頼することも可能です。物件の仲介は宅建業者・宅建士、ローン審査は銀行、価格査定は不動産鑑定士などが担当します。",[243],"契約フロー"]