[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:kosodate-hoiku":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":70,"quiz":71},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"vocabulary":14,"quizId":69},"article","living-kosodate-hoiku","kosodate-hoiku","子育て支援と保育園 — 児童手当・保活・無償化制度","Childcare in Japan: Subsidies, Daycare Hunting, Free Education","living-in-japan","Comprehensive guide to Japan's childcare support system for families: 児童手当 (Child Allowance, expanded October 2024 to cover up to high-school age, with income limits abolished and a 30,000 yen monthly bonus for the third child onwards), 保活 (hoikatsu — the competitive process of securing a daycare slot), 認可 vs 認可外 (licensed vs non-licensed) daycare distinctions, the municipal points-based selection system (入園選考の点数制度), 幼児教育・保育の無償化 (free early childhood education for ages 3-5 from October 2019), 学童保育 (after-school care for elementary children), 出産育児一時金 (lump-sum childbirth allowance, raised to 500,000 yen in April 2023), and 産休・育休 (maternity and parental leave with up to 2 years of coverage). Covers practical guidance for foreign families navigating municipal procedures, document requirements, and the structural shortage of nursery slots in major urban centers.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fliving-kosodate-hoiku.png",[15,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,61,65],{"word":16,"reading":17,"meaning":18,"level":19},"児童手当","じどうてあて","child allowance","N1",{"word":21,"reading":22,"meaning":23,"level":19},"保活","ほかつ","daycare hunting (slang)",{"word":25,"reading":26,"meaning":27,"level":19},"認可保育園","にんかほいくえん","licensed (government-approved) daycare",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":19},"認可外保育園","にんかがいほいくえん","non-licensed daycare",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":19},"入園選考","にゅうえんせんこう","enrollment selection",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":19},"点数制度","てんすうせいど","points-based system",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":19},"無償化","むしょうか","making free of charge",{"word":45,"reading":46,"meaning":47,"level":19},"幼児教育","ようじきょういく","early childhood education",{"word":49,"reading":50,"meaning":51,"level":19},"学童保育","がくどうほいく","after-school childcare",{"word":53,"reading":54,"meaning":55,"level":19},"出産育児一時金","しゅっさんいくじいちじきん","lump-sum childbirth allowance",{"word":57,"reading":58,"meaning":59,"level":60},"産休","さんきゅう","maternity leave","N2",{"word":62,"reading":63,"meaning":64,"level":60},"育休","いくきゅう","parental (childcare) leave",{"word":66,"reading":67,"meaning":68,"level":19},"待機児童","たいきじどう","child on daycare waitlist","living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[子育て]{こそだて:childrearing:N3}[支援]{しえん:support:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}は[近年]{きんねん:recent years:N4}[大幅]{おおはば:significantly:N2}に[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded:N1}されており、[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefits:N3}（[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}・[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}）、[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}サービス（[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}・[幼稚園]{ようちえん:kindergarten:N1}・[認定]{にんてい:certified:N3}こども[園]{えん:facility:N3}）、[就労]{しゅうろう:employment:N1}[支援]{しえん:support:N1}（[産休]{さんきゅう:maternity leave:N3}・[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}・[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefits:N3}）の3[本]{ほん:main:N5}[柱]{ばしら:pillars:N2}で[構成]{こうせい:composed:N3}されています。[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}も[住民]{じゅうみん:resident:N3}[登録]{とうろく:registered:N2}があれば[基本的]{きほんてき:basically:N1}に[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese:N5}と[同等]{どうとう:equally:N3}の[待遇]{たいぐう:treatment:N1}を[受けられ]{うけられ:can receive:N3}ますが、[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}や[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}が[複雑]{ふくざつ:complex:N2}なため[早めの]{はやめの:early:N4}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[収集]{しゅうしゅう:gathering:N3}が[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}です。\n\n#en\nJapan's childcare support system has been significantly expanded in recent years, structured around three main pillars: cash benefits (Child Allowance, lump-sum childbirth allowance), childcare services (licensed daycare, kindergarten, certified kodomo-en facilities), and employment support (maternity leave, parental leave, childcare leave benefits). Foreign families with resident registration are basically entitled to the same treatment as Japanese, but application procedures and documents are complex, so early information gathering is important.\n::\n\n::heading\n[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}（2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expansion:N1}）\n#en\nChild Allowance (October 2024 Expansion)\n::\n\n::para\n[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}は、[国内]{こくない:domestic:N3}に[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}を[有する]{ゆうする:hold:N4}[児童]{じどう:children:N2}を[養育]{よういく:raising:N1}する[親]{おや:parent:N4}（[または]{または:or}[養育者]{よういくしゃ:guardian:N1}）に[支給]{しきゅう:paid:N3}される[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefit:N3}です。2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}[施行]{しこう:implemented:N1}の[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}により[制度]{せいど:system:N3}が[大幅]{おおはば:greatly:N2}に[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded:N1}されました。[主な]{おもな:main:N4}[変更]{へんこう:changes:N3}[点]{てん:points:N3}は、①[支給]{しきゅう:payable:N3}[対象]{たいしょう:targets:N2}を[従来]{じゅうらい:previously:N1}の「[中学校]{ちゅうがっこう:junior high school:N5}[卒業]{そつぎょう:graduation:N2}まで」から「[高校生]{こうこうせい:high school student:N5}[年代]{ねんだい:age range:N4}（18[歳]{さい:years old:N3}[到達]{とうたつ:reaching:N3}[後]{ご:after:N5}[最初]{さいしょ:first:N3}の3[月]{がつ:March:N5}31[日]{にち:day:N5}まで）」に[拡大]{かくだい:expanded:N1}、②[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[制限]{せいげん:limit:N3}を[完全]{かんぜん:completely:N3}に[撤廃]{てっぱい:abolished:N1}（[従来]{じゅうらい:previously:N1}は[年収]{ねんしゅう:annual income:N3}1,200[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}[超]{ちょう:exceeding:N2}は[特例]{とくれい:special exception:N3}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefit:N3}5,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}のみ）、③[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}の[支給]{しきゅう:payment:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}を[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}3[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}に[増額]{ぞうがく:increased:N2}、④[支給]{しきゅう:payment:N3}[回数]{かいすう:frequency:N3}を[年]{ねん:year:N5}3[回]{かい:times:N3}から[年]{ねん:year:N5}6[回]{かい:times:N3}（[偶数]{ぐうすう:even-numbered:N3}[月]{つき:month:N5}）に[変更]{へんこう:changed:N3}、です。\n\n#en\nThe Child Allowance is a cash benefit paid to parents (or guardians) raising children with addresses in Japan. The October 2024 amendment significantly expanded the system. Main changes: (1) payment targets expanded from \"until junior high school graduation\" to \"high school student age range (until March 31 following the 18th birthday),\" (2) income limits completely abolished (previously, annual incomes over 12 million yen received only the special 5,000 yen exception payment), (3) third-child-onwards payments increased to 30,000 yen monthly, (4) payment frequency changed from 3 times per year to 6 times per year (even-numbered months).\n::\n\n::para\n[現行]{げんこう:current:N3}の[支給]{しきゅう:payment:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}は、3[歳]{さい:years old:N3}[未満]{みまん:under:N3}が[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}15,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}（[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}は30,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}）、3[歳]{さい:years old:N3}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}[高校生]{こうこうせい:high school student:N5}[年代]{ねんだい:age range:N4}までが[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}10,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}（[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}は30,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}）です。「[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}」のカウントは、[親]{おや:parent:N4}に[経済的]{けいざいてき:economically:N3}[負担]{ふたん:dependent:N2}される22[歳]{さい:years old:N3}[年度]{ねんど:fiscal year:N4}[末]{まつ:end:N3}までの[子]{こ:child:N5}を[含み]{ふくみ:including:N2}ます。[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}は[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[後]{ご:after:N5}（[または]{または:or}[転入]{てんにゅう:moving in:N4}[後]{ご:after:N5}）15[日以内]{にちいない:within ... days:N3}に[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[役所]{やくしょ:office:N3}で[行い]{おこない:to perform:N5}、[認定]{にんてい:certification:N3}[請求]{せいきゅう:request:N1}[書]{しょ:form:N5}の[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}です。\n\n#en\nCurrent payment amounts: under 3 years old = 15,000 yen monthly (30,000 yen for the third child onwards); from age 3 through high-school age = 10,000 yen monthly (30,000 yen for the third child onwards). The \"third child\" count includes children up to the end of the fiscal year of their 22nd birthday who are economically dependent on the parent. Applications must be made within 15 days after birth (or after moving in) at the municipal office, and a certification request form must be submitted.\n::\n\n::callout\n[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendments:N2}：①[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}＝[高校生]{こうこうせい:high school student:N5}[年代]{ねんだい:age range:N4}まで[拡大]{かくだい:expanded:N1}、②[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[制限]{せいげん:limit:N3}＝[完全]{かんぜん:completely:N3}[撤廃]{てっぱい:abolished:N1}、③[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}＝[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}3[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}に[増額]{ぞうがく:increased:N2}、④[支給]{しきゅう:payment:N3}＝[年]{ねん:year:N5}6[回]{かい:times:N3}（[偶数]{ぐうすう:even-numbered:N3}[月]{つき:month:N5}）。[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}は[出生]{しゅっせい:birth:N5}・[転入]{てんにゅう:moving in:N4}から15[日以内]{にちいない:within ... days:N3}。\n\n#en\nChild Allowance October 2024 amendments: (1) targets = expanded through high-school age, (2) income limit = completely abolished, (3) third child onwards = increased to 30,000 yen monthly, (4) payments = 6 times per year (even-numbered months). Applications within 15 days of birth or moving in.\n::\n\n::heading\n[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}と[産休]{さんきゅう:maternity leave:N3}・[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}\n#en\nLump-Sum Childbirth Allowance and Maternity \u002F Parental Leave\n::\n\n::para\n[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}は、[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}（[国民]{こくみん:national:N3}[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}・[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}けんぽ・[組合]{くみあい:union:N3}けんぽ[共通]{きょうつう:common:N3}）から[支給]{しきゅう:provided:N3}される[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy:N2}で、2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}に42[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}から50[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}に[引き上げ]{ひきあげ:raised:N3}られました。[産科]{さんか:obstetric:N3}[医療]{いりょう:medical:N2}[補償]{ほしょう:compensation:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}に[加入]{かにゅう:enrolled:N3}している[医療]{いりょう:medical:N2}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}での[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}が[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}です。「[直接]{ちょくせつ:direct:N2}[支払]{しはらい:payment:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}」を[利用]{りよう:use:N3}すれば[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}から[医療]{いりょう:medical:N2}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}に[直接]{ちょくせつ:directly:N2}[支払わ]{しはらわ:paid:N3}れるため、[本人]{ほんにん:the person:N5}は[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}[総額]{そうがく:total amount:N2}と50[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}の[差額]{さがく:difference:N2}のみ[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}[仕組み]{しくみ:arrangement:N3}になっています。\n\n#en\nThe lump-sum childbirth allowance is a childbirth-cost subsidy paid from health insurance (common across National Health Insurance, Association Kenpo, and Union Kenpo), raised from 420,000 yen to 500,000 yen in April 2023. Eligible births take place at medical institutions enrolled in the obstetric medical compensation system. Using the \"direct payment system,\" the health insurance pays the medical institution directly, so the individual pays only the difference between the total childbirth cost and 500,000 yen.\n::\n\n::para\n[産休]{さんきゅう:maternity leave:N3}（[産前]{さんぜん:before childbirth:N3}[産後]{さんご:after childbirth:N3}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}）は[労働]{ろうどう:labor:N3}[基準]{きじゅん:standards:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}で、[産前]{さんぜん:before childbirth:N3}6[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}（[多胎]{たたい:multiple pregnancies:N1}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は14[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}）と[産後]{さんご:after childbirth:N3}8[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}が[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}となります。[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}（[協会]{きょうかい:association:N2}けんぽ・[組合]{くみあい:union:N3}けんぽ）から[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[手当]{てあて:allowance:N3}[金]{きん:money:N5}（[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}[報酬]{ほうしゅう:remuneration:N1}[日額]{にちがく:daily amount:N2}の[3分の]{さんぶんの:two thirds:N5}2）が[支給]{しきゅう:provided:N3}されます。[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}（[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}）は[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}・[介護]{かいご:nursing care:N1}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}[法]{ほう:law:N3}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}、[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}[子]{こ:child:N5}が1[歳]{さい:years old:N3}になるまで[取得]{しゅとく:can take:N3}でき、[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}に[入れない]{いれない:cannot enter:N5}など[一定]{いってい:certain:N3}の[事情]{じじょう:circumstances:N3}があれば[最長]{さいちょう:maximum:N3}2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}まで[延長]{えんちょう:extended:N2}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}です。[雇用]{こよう:employment:N2}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}から[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefit:N3}[金]{きん:money:N5}（[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave:N4}[開始]{かいし:start:N4}から180[日]{にち:days:N5}までは[賃金]{ちんぎん:wages:N1}の67%、[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}は50%）が[支給]{しきゅう:provided:N3}されます。\n\n#en\nMaternity leave (sankyū — pre-and-post-childbirth leave) is a system based on the Labor Standards Act, with leave of 6 weeks before birth (14 weeks for multiple pregnancies) and 8 weeks after birth. Health insurance (Association\u002FUnion Kenpo) pays a childbirth allowance (two-thirds of the standard daily remuneration). Parental leave (ikukyū — childcare leave) is based on the Childcare and Family Care Leave Act and can in principle be taken until the child turns 1, extendable up to age 2 in certain circumstances such as inability to enter daycare. Employment insurance pays a childcare leave benefit (67% of wages for the first 180 days of leave, 50% thereafter).\n::\n\n::callout\n[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}・[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[現金]{げんきん:cash:N3}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefits:N3}[まとめ]{まとめ:summary}：①[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}＝50[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}（2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded:N1}）、②[産休]{さんきゅう:maternity leave:N3}[手当]{てあて:allowance:N3}[金]{きん:money:N5}＝[標準]{ひょうじゅん:standard:N1}[報酬]{ほうしゅう:remuneration:N1}の[3分の]{さんぶんの:two thirds:N5}2、③[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}[給付]{きゅうふ:benefit:N3}[金]{きん:money:N5}＝[最初]{さいしょ:first:N3}180[日]{にち:days:N5}は[賃金]{ちんぎん:wages:N1}の67%、[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}50%、④[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}＝1[歳]{さい:years old:N3}まで（[最長]{さいちょう:maximum:N3}2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}）。\n\n#en\nChildbirth and childrearing cash benefits summary: (1) lump-sum childbirth allowance = 500,000 yen (expanded April 2023), (2) maternity leave allowance = two-thirds of standard remuneration, (3) parental leave benefit = 67% of wages for first 180 days, 50% thereafter, (4) parental leave period = until age 1 (max age 2).\n::\n\n::heading\n[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}と[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}の[違い]{ちがい:differences:N3}\n#en\nDifferences between Licensed and Non-Licensed Daycare\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[施設]{しせつ:facilities:N1}は[大きく]{おおきく:largely:N5}「[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}」と「[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}（[認証]{にんしょう:certified:N1}[保育所]{ほいくしょ:nursery:N1}・[企業]{きぎょう:corporate:N1}[主導]{しゅどう:led:N2}[型]{がた:type:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}・インターナショナルプリスクールなど）」に[分類]{ぶんるい:classified:N3}されます。[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}は[児童]{じどう:child:N2}[福祉]{ふくし:welfare:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}[国]{くに:national:N5}・[都道府県]{とどうふけん:prefecture:N2}が[定める]{さだめる:set:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}[基準]{きじゅん:standards:N1}（[保育士]{ほいくし:certified nursery teacher:N1}[配置]{はいち:placement:N3}・[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}[面積]{めんせき:area:N3}・[給食]{きゅうしょく:meals:N3}[設備]{せつび:equipment:N2}など）を[満たした]{みたした:satisfying:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}で、[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}が[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}と[保育料]{ほいくりょう:childcare fee:N1}[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collection:N1}を[行い]{おこない:performs:N5}ます。[保育料]{ほいくりょう:childcare fee:N1}は[世帯]{せたい:household:N2}[年収]{ねんしゅう:annual income:N3}（[住民税]{じゅうみんぜい:resident tax:N2}[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[割]{わり:portion:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}）に[応じて]{おうじて:according to:N1}[算定]{さんてい:calculated:N2}される[応能]{おうのう:ability-based:N1}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}[方式]{ほうしき:method:N3}です。\n\n#en\nJapan's childcare facilities are broadly classified into \"licensed daycare\" and \"non-licensed daycare\" (certified nurseries, corporate-led childcare, international preschools, etc.). Licensed daycare facilities meet the facility standards (placement of certified nursery teachers, facility area, meal equipment, etc.) set by the national and prefectural governments based on the Child Welfare Act, with the municipality conducting enrollment selection and fee collection. Childcare fees use an ability-based burden method calculated according to household annual income (the income-based portion of resident tax).\n::\n\n::para\n[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}は[国]{くに:national:N5}の[認可]{にんか:license:N3}を[受けて]{うけて:receiving:N3}いない[民間]{みんかん:private sector:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facilities:N1}で、[料金]{りょうきん:fees:N4}は[各]{かく:each:N2}[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}が[独自]{どくじ:independently:N1}に[設定]{せってい:set:N2}します。[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}より[一般的]{いっぱんてき:generally:N2}に[割高]{わりだか:expensive:N3}で[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}5〜15[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}が[相場]{そうば:going rate:N3}ですが、[空き]{あき:availability:N4}が[ある]{ある:exists}[ことが多く]{ことがおおく:often:N4}・[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[対応]{たいおう:available:N1}・[長時間]{ちょうじかん:long-hours:N5}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}など[柔軟]{じゅうなん:flexibility:N2}な[サービス]{さーびす:services}を[提供]{ていきょう:offering:N1}するという[特徴]{とくちょう:characteristics:N1}があります。[一定]{いってい:certain:N3}の[基準]{きじゅん:standards:N1}を[満たした]{みたした:satisfying:N3}[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}は2019[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}から[幼児]{ようじ:young children:N2}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}の[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}（[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}3.7[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}まで[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy:N2}）にもなっています。\n\n#en\nNon-licensed daycare facilities are private institutions without national licensing; fees are set independently by each facility. They are generally more expensive than licensed facilities, with the going rate being 50,000-150,000 yen monthly. However, they are characterized by often having availability, English-language support, long-hour childcare, and other flexible services. Non-licensed facilities meeting certain standards have also been included in the early childhood education and childcare free-of-charge program since October 2019 (subsidy of up to 37,000 yen monthly).\n::\n\n::callout\n[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3} vs [認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}：①[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}＝[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}・[料金]{りょうきん:fees:N4}は[世帯]{せたい:household:N2}[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[応能]{おうのう:ability-based:N1}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}・[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}[基準]{きじゅん:standards:N1}[厳格]{げんかく:strict:N1}、②[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}＝[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}が[独自]{どくじ:independent:N1}[募集]{ぼしゅう:recruits:N2}・[料金]{りょうきん:fees:N4}[一律]{いちりつ:uniform:N2}（[月]{つき:month:N5}5〜15[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}）・[空き]{あき:availability:N4}が[出やすい]{でやすい:often available:N5}。[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}は[両方]{りょうほう:both:N3}[対象]{たいしょう:targets:N2}（[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}は[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy:N2}[上限]{じょうげん:cap:N3}あり）。\n\n#en\nLicensed vs non-licensed: (1) licensed = municipal selection, fees use household-income-based ability burden, strict facility standards, (2) non-licensed = facility recruits independently, uniform fees (50,000-150,000 yen monthly), availability often opens up. Free-of-charge program covers both (non-licensed has subsidy cap).\n::\n\n::heading\n[保活]{ほかつ:hoikatsu:N1}と[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}の[点数]{てんすう:points:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}\n#en\nHoikatsu (Daycare Hunting) and the Enrollment Selection Points System\n::\n\n::para\n「[保活]{ほかつ:hoikatsu:N1}」とは、[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}に[子]{こ:child:N5}を[入れる]{いれる:to enroll:N5}ための[一連]{いちれん:series of:N3}の[活動]{かつどう:activities:N3}を[指す]{さす:refers to:N3}[俗語]{ぞくご:slang:N1}で、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[東京]{とうきょう:Tokyo:N4}・[横浜]{よこはま:Yokohama:N1}・[大阪]{おおさか:Osaka:N2}など[大都市]{だいとし:major cities:N3}では[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}の[定員]{ていいん:capacity:N3}が[需要]{じゅよう:demand:N1}に[追いつかず]{おいつかず:not keeping up:N3}「[待機]{たいき:waiting:N3}[児童]{じどう:children:N2}」が[社会]{しゃかい:social:N4}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}となっています。[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}の[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}は[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}が「[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}」（[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}）を[行い]{おこない:performs:N5}、[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}の[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}[度]{ど:degree:N4}を[点数]{てんすう:points:N3}[化]{か:converted:N3}した「[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}[基準]{きじゅん:standards:N1}」に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}[優先]{ゆうせん:priority:N3}[順位]{じゅんい:order:N2}が[決定]{けってい:determined:N3}されます。\n\n#en\n\"Hoikatsu\" is slang referring to the series of activities required to enroll a child in daycare. Particularly in major cities like Tokyo, Yokohama, and Osaka, licensed daycare capacity has not kept up with demand, making \"waitlisted children\" (taiki jidō) a social issue. Enrollment in licensed daycare is handled by the municipality through \"use adjustment\" (enrollment selection), with priority order determined based on \"use adjustment standards\" that convert each household's level of childcare need into points.\n::\n\n::para\n[点数]{てんすう:points:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}は[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}と[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}の[合計]{ごうけい:total:N3}で[評価]{ひょうか:evaluated:N1}されます。[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}は[親]{おや:parent:N4}の[就労]{しゅうろう:employment:N1}[状況]{じょうきょう:status:N2}（[フルタイム]{ふるたいむ:full-time}[勤務]{きんむ:work:N3}・[パートタイム]{ぱーとたいむ:part-time}・[求職]{きゅうしょく:job-hunting:N3}[中]{ちゅう:in progress:N5}・[病気]{びょうき:illness:N4}・[介護]{かいご:nursing care:N1}など）で[決まり]{きまり:determined:N3}、[両親]{りょうしん:both parents:N3}とも[フルタイム]{ふるたいむ:full-time}[正社員]{せいしゃいん:regular employees:N4}（[月]{つき:month:N5}20[日]{にち:days:N5}・1[日]{にち:day:N5}8[時間]{じかん:hours:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}）が[最高]{さいこう:highest:N3}[点]{てん:points:N3}（[各]{かく:each:N2}50[点]{てん:points:N3}など[自治体]{じちたい:local government:N3}により[配点]{はいてん:scoring:N3}は[異なる]{ことなる:differs:N1}）です。[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}は[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}[事情]{じじょう:circumstances:N3}で[加減算]{かげんさん:added or subtracted:N2}され、[ひとり親]{ひとりおや:single parent:N4}[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}・[兄弟]{きょうだい:sibling:N4}が[同じ]{おなじ:same:N4}[園]{えん:facility:N3}に[在園]{ざいえん:enrolled:N3}・[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}を[既に]{すでに:already:N1}[利用]{りよう:using:N3}・[祖父母]{そふぼ:grandparents:N3}が[市内]{しない:within the city:N3}[在住]{ざいじゅう:residing:N3}（[マイナス]{まいなす:minus}[になる]{になる:becomes}[ことも]{ことも:in some cases}）など[多様]{たよう:diverse:N3}な[要素]{ようそ:factors:N1}が[考慮]{こうりょ:considered:N1}されます。\n\n#en\nThe points system is evaluated based on the total of basic points and adjustment points. Basic points are determined by parents' employment status (full-time work, part-time, job-hunting, illness, nursing care, etc.). Both parents being full-time regular employees (20 days\u002Fmonth, 8+ hours\u002Fday) earns the highest points (e.g., 50 points each — scoring varies by municipality). Adjustment points are added or subtracted based on individual circumstances, considering diverse factors such as single-parent households, siblings already enrolled at the same facility, already using a non-licensed facility, or grandparents residing within the city (which can result in deductions in some cases).\n::\n\n::callout\n[exam]{exam:exam} [ヒント]{ひんと:tip}：[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}の[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}は[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}による「[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}」で、[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}（[両親]{りょうしん:both parents:N3}の[就労]{しゅうろう:employment:N1}[状況]{じょうきょう:status:N2}）+ [調整]{ちょうせい:adjustment:N1}[点]{てん:points:N3}（[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}[事情]{じじょう:circumstances:N3}）の[合計]{ごうけい:total:N3}で[優先]{ゆうせん:priority:N3}[順位]{じゅんい:order:N2}を[決定]{けってい:determining:N3}。[両親]{りょうしん:both parents:N3}[フルタイム]{ふるたいむ:full-time}が[基本]{きほん:basics:N1}、[同点]{どうてん:tied scores:N3}は[世帯]{せたい:household:N2}[年収]{ねんしゅう:annual income:N3}が[低い]{ひくい:lower:N2}[方]{ほう:side:N4}が[優先]{ゆうせん:prioritized:N3}されることが[多い]{おおい:often the case:N4}。\n\n#en\nExam tip: Licensed daycare enrollment selection is the municipality's \"use adjustment,\" determining priority order by the total of basic points (employment status of both parents) + adjustment points (household circumstances). Both parents being full-time is the baseline; tied scores often prioritize the household with lower annual income.\n::\n\n::para\n[保活]{ほかつ:hoikatsu:N1}の[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[ステップ]{すてっぷ:steps}は、①[妊娠]{にんしん:pregnancy:N1}[中]{ちゅう:during:N5}に[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}の[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[課]{か:division:N2}で[制度]{せいど:system:N3}[説明]{せつめい:briefing:N3}を[受ける]{うける:to receive:N3}、②[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[園]{えん:facilities:N3}の[見学]{けんがく:tour:N5}（[秋]{あき:autumn:N4}〜[冬]{ふゆ:winter:N4}に[集中]{しゅうちゅう:concentrated:N4}）と[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[園]{えん:facility:N3}の[並行]{へいこう:parallel:N2}[申込み]{もうしこみ:application:N3}、③10〜12[月]{がつ:month:N5}に[翌年]{よくねん:following year:N2}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[入園]{にゅうえん:enrollment:N3}の[一斉]{いっせい:simultaneous:N1}[申込み]{もうしこみ:application:N3}（[就労]{しゅうろう:employment:N1}[証明]{しょうめい:certification:N1}[書]{しょ:form:N5}・[源泉]{げんせん:source:N1}[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:withholding:N1}[票]{ひょう:slip:N1}・[マイナンバーカード]{まいなんばーかーど:My Number Card}など[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}[提出]{ていしゅつ:submission:N1}）、④[2月]{にがつ:February:N5}[頃]{ごろ:around:N2}に[一次]{いちじ:first round:N3}[結果]{けっか:results:N1}[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}・[二次]{にじ:second round:N3}[募集]{ぼしゅう:recruitment:N2}（[空き]{あき:vacancies:N4}が[出た]{でた:emerged:N5}[園]{えん:facilities:N3}）への[応募]{おうぼ:application:N1}、⑤[落選]{らくせん:rejected:N3}[時]{じ:case:N5}の[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}・[一時]{いちじ:temporary:N5}[保育]{ほいく:care:N1}・[企業]{きぎょう:corporate:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}など[代替]{だいたい:alternative:N2}[策]{さく:plans:N1}の[検討]{けんとう:consideration:N1}、です。\n\n#en\nPractical hoikatsu steps: (1) attend a system briefing at the municipal childcare division during pregnancy, (2) tour licensed facilities (concentrated autumn-winter) while applying to non-licensed facilities in parallel, (3) submit the simultaneous application in October-December for April enrollment the following year (employment certification, withholding slip, My Number Card and other documents required), (4) receive first-round results around February, then apply to second-round recruitment for facilities with vacancies, (5) consider alternatives such as non-licensed, temporary care, or corporate childcare if rejected.\n::\n\n::heading\n[幼児]{ようじ:young children:N2}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}の[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}（2019[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}〜）\n#en\nFree Early Childhood Education and Childcare (from October 2019)\n::\n\n::para\n2019[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}から[消費税]{しょうひぜい:consumption tax:N2}10%への[引き上げ]{ひきあげ:raising:N3}に[合わせて]{あわせて:along with:N3}「[幼児]{ようじ:young children:N2}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}の[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}」が[施行]{しこう:implemented:N1}されました。[対象]{たいしょう:targets:N2}は、3〜5[歳]{さい:years old:N3}クラスの[全員]{ぜんいん:everyone:N3}（[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}・[幼稚園]{ようちえん:kindergarten:N1}・[認定]{にんてい:certified:N3}こども[園]{えん:facility:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[料]{りょう:fees:N4}が[完全]{かんぜん:completely:N3}[無料]{むりょう:free:N4}）と、0〜2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}クラスの[住民税]{じゅうみんぜい:resident tax:N2}[非課税]{ひかぜい:non-taxable:N2}[世帯]{せたい:household:N2}（[同じく]{おなじく:also:N4}[完全]{かんぜん:completely:N3}[無料]{むりょう:free:N4}）です。[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}・[ベビーシッター]{べびーしったー:babysitter}・[一時]{いちじ:temporary:N5}[預かり]{あずかり:care:N2}も[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}ですが、[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}の「[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}の[必要性]{ひつようせい:necessity:N3}の[認定]{にんてい:certification:N3}」を[受け]{うけ:received:N3}、3〜5[歳]{さい:years old:N3}は[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}3.7[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}まで、0〜2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}（[非課税]{ひかぜい:non-taxable:N2}[世帯]{せたい:households:N2}のみ）は[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}4.2[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}までの[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy cap:N2}（[上限]{じょうげん:cap:N3}）が[適用]{てきよう:applied:N3}されます。\n\n#en\nAlong with the rise of consumption tax to 10% from October 2019, \"free early childhood education and childcare\" was implemented. Targets include all children in the 3-5 age class (use fees for licensed daycare, kindergarten, and certified kodomo-en facilities are completely free) and resident-tax-non-taxable households in the 0-2 age class (also completely free). Non-licensed daycare, babysitters, and temporary care are also targets, but require the municipality's \"certification of childcare necessity\"; subsidy caps apply of up to 37,000 yen monthly for ages 3-5 and up to 42,000 yen monthly for ages 0-2 (non-taxable households only).\n::\n\n::para\n[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}な[点]{てん:point:N3}は、[無償化]{むしょうか:made free:N1}されるのは「[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[料]{りょう:fees:N4}（[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[保育料]{ほいくりょう:childcare fee:N1}）」のみで、[給食]{きゅうしょく:meal:N3}[費]{ひ:fees:N3}（[副食]{ふくしょく:side dish:N2}[費]{ひ:fees:N3}）・[行事]{ぎょうじ:event:N4}[費]{ひ:fees:N3}・[制服]{せいふく:uniform:N3}[代]{だい:cost:N4}・[教材]{きょうざい:teaching materials:N2}[費]{ひ:fees:N3}・[通園]{つうえん:commute:N3}バス[代]{だい:cost:N4}など[実費]{じっぴ:actual cost:N3}[相当]{そうとう:equivalent:N3}[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}は[依然]{いぜん:still:N2}[保護者]{ほごしゃ:guardian:N1}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}という[ことです]{ことです:point}。また[小学校]{しょうがっこう:elementary school:N5}[入学]{にゅうがく:entrance:N5}[後]{ご:after:N5}は[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:care:N1}（[放課後]{ほうかご:after-school:N2}[児童]{じどう:children:N2}クラブ）が[必要]{ひつよう:needed:N3}になり、こちらは[一般的]{いっぱんてき:generally:N2}に[月額]{げつがく:monthly:N2}5,000〜15,000[円]{えん:yen:N5}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[料]{りょう:fees:N4}（[自治体]{じちたい:local government:N3}・[民間]{みんかん:private:N3}により[幅]{はば:range:N2}あり）が[継続]{けいぞく:continues:N1}します。\n\n#en\nA point requiring caution: only \"use fees\" (basic childcare fees) are made free; items equivalent to actual costs — meal fees (side dish fees), event fees, uniform costs, teaching material fees, commute bus costs — remain the guardian's burden. After elementary school entrance, after-school childcare (after-school children's club) is needed, and these generally continue to charge use fees of 5,000-15,000 yen monthly (range varies by municipality and private operators).\n::\n\n::callout\n[exam]{exam:exam} [ヒント]{ひんと:tip}：[幼児]{ようじ:young children:N2}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}（2019[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}〜）の[対象]{たいしょう:targets:N2}：①3〜5[歳]{さい:years old:N3}＝[全員]{ぜんいん:everyone:N3}（[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[制限]{せいげん:limit:N3}なし）、②0〜2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}＝[住民税]{じゅうみんぜい:resident tax:N2}[非課税]{ひかぜい:non-taxable:N2}[世帯]{せたい:households:N2}のみ、③[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}[施設]{しせつ:facilities:N1}は[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy:N2}[上限]{じょうげん:cap:N3}あり（3〜5[歳]{さい:years old:N3}は[月]{つき:month:N5}3.7[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}まで）、④[給食]{きゅうしょく:meals:N3}・[行事]{ぎょうじ:events:N4}・[教材]{きょうざい:teaching materials:N2}[費]{ひ:fees:N3}は[対象外]{たいしょうがい:excluded:N2}（[実費]{じっぴ:actual cost:N3}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}が[残る]{のこる:remains:N3}）。\n\n#en\nExam tip: targets of free early childhood education \u002F childcare (from October 2019): (1) ages 3-5 = everyone (no income limit), (2) ages 0-2 = resident-tax-non-taxable households only, (3) non-licensed facilities have subsidy caps (up to 37,000 yen monthly for ages 3-5), (4) meal, event, and teaching material fees are excluded (actual-cost burden remains).\n::\n\n::heading\n[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}（[小学生]{しょうがくせい:elementary school student:N5}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}）\n#en\nAfter-School Childcare (System for Elementary Students)\n::\n\n::para\n[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}（[正式]{せいしき:official:N3}[名称]{めいしょう:name:N1}：「[放課後]{ほうかご:after-school:N2}[児童]{じどう:children:N2}[健全]{けんぜん:healthy:N1}[育成]{いくせい:development:N3}[事業]{じぎょう:program:N4}」）は、[共働き]{ともばたらき:dual-income:N3}[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}や[ひとり親]{ひとりおや:single parent:N4}[家庭]{かてい:household:N3}の[小学生]{しょうがくせい:elementary school student:N5}を[放課後]{ほうかご:after school:N2}や[学校]{がっこう:school:N5}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:closed:N4}[日]{ひ:day:N5}に[預かる]{あずかる:to take care of:N2}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}で、[公設]{こうせつ:public-set:N2}[公営]{こうえい:publicly run:N2}（[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[直営]{ちょくえい:directly operated:N2}）・[公設]{こうせつ:public-set:N2}[民営]{みんえい:privately run:N2}（[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}が[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}を[提供]{ていきょう:provides:N1}し[運営]{うんえい:operation:N2}は[NPO]{えぬぴーおー:NPO}・[社会]{しゃかい:social:N4}[福祉]{ふくし:welfare:N1}[法人]{ほうじん:corporation:N3}など）・[民設]{みんせつ:privately set:N2}[民営]{みんえい:privately run:N2}の3[類型]{るいけい:types:N2}があります。[保護者]{ほごしゃ:guardian:N1}が[就労]{しゅうろう:employment:N1}・[病気]{びょうき:illness:N4}・[介護]{かいご:nursing care:N1}などで[昼間]{ひるま:daytime:N4}[家庭]{かてい:home:N3}にいない[こと]{こと:circumstance}が[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}で、[対象]{たいしょう:targets:N2}は[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}[小学校]{しょうがっこう:elementary school:N5}1〜6[年生]{ねんせい:graders:N5}（[施設]{しせつ:facility:N1}により1〜3[年生]{ねんせい:graders:N5}まで）です。\n\n#en\nAfter-school childcare (officially: \"after-school children's healthy development program\") is a system for taking care of elementary school students from dual-income households or single-parent households during after-school hours and school closure days. It comes in three types: public-set publicly run (directly operated by the municipality), public-set privately run (municipality provides the facility while NPOs, social welfare corporations, etc. operate it), and privately set privately run. Use is conditional on the guardian being absent from home during the daytime due to employment, illness, or nursing care. The targets are in principle elementary school grades 1-6 (some facilities only up to grades 1-3).\n::\n\n::para\n[近年]{きんねん:recent years:N4}の[課題]{かだい:challenges:N2}は「[小]{しょう:elementary:N5}1の[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}」と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:so-called:N3}[問題]{もんだい:issue:N4}で、[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}までは[午後]{ごご:afternoon:N5}7[時]{じ:o'clock:N5}まで[預け]{あずけ:placed:N2}られたのに、[小学校]{しょうがっこう:elementary school:N5}[入学]{にゅうがく:entrance:N5}[後]{ご:after:N5}は[下校]{げこう:school dismissal:N5}が[早く]{はやく:early:N4}・[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}の[終了]{しゅうりょう:closing:N2}[時間]{じかん:time:N5}が[午後]{ごご:afternoon:N5}6[時]{じ:o'clock:N5}[頃]{ごろ:around:N2}と[早い]{はやい:early:N4}ため[働き方]{はたらきかた:working style:N3}を[変える]{かえる:to change:N3}ことを[迫られる]{せまられる:compelled:N1}[親]{おや:parents:N4}が[多く]{おおく:many:N4}います。これに[対応]{たいおう:to address:N1}するため[政府]{せいふ:government:N2}は2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}から「こども[未来]{みらい:future:N3}[戦略]{せんりゃく:strategy:N2}」の[一環]{いっかん:as part of:N1}で[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}の[受け皿]{うけざら:capacity:N2}[拡大]{かくだい:expansion:N1}（[開所]{かいしょ:opening:N3}[時間]{じかん:hours:N5}[延長]{えんちょう:extending:N2}・[受け入れ]{うけいれ:capacity:N3}[人数]{にんずう:number of children:N3}[増加]{ぞうか:increasing:N3}）を[進めて]{すすめて:advancing:N3}います。\n\n#en\nA recent issue is the so-called \"1st-grade-elementary wall\" — children could be placed in daycare until 7 PM, but after entering elementary school, dismissal is early and after-school childcare closes around 6 PM, compelling many parents to change their working style. To address this, the government is advancing expansion of after-school childcare capacity (extending opening hours, increasing acceptance capacity) from 2024 as part of the \"Children Future Strategy.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}が[注意]{ちゅうい:should pay attention:N4}すべき[ポイント]{ぽいんと:points}\n#en\nPoints Foreign Families Should Pay Attention To\n::\n\n::para\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}も[住民]{じゅうみん:resident:N3}[登録]{とうろく:registered:N2}があれば[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}・[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}・[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}・[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}など[基本的]{きほんてき:basically:N1}に[同等]{どうとう:equally:N3}の[権利]{けんり:rights:N3}を[有し]{ゆうし:hold:N4}ます。ただし[実務]{じつむ:practical matters:N3}[上]{じょう:on:N5}の[ハードル]{はーどる:hurdles}として、①[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[役所]{やくしょ:office:N3}の[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}・[説明]{せつめい:briefings:N3}が[基本的]{きほんてき:basically:N1}[日本語]{にほんご:Japanese:N5}のみ（[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[自治体]{じちたい:local governments:N3}は[英語]{えいご:English:N4}・[中国語]{ちゅうごくご:Chinese:N5}・[ベトナム語]{べとなむご:Vietnamese:N5}[対応]{たいおう:response:N1}あり）、②[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}は[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}[日本語]{にほんご:Japanese:N5}[環境]{かんきょう:environment:N1}（[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[併用]{へいよう:combined use:N1}は[少ない]{すくない:few:N4}）、③[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[後]{ご:after:N5}の[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}（[出生]{しゅっせい:birth:N5}から30[日]{にち:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}に[出入国]{しゅつにゅうこく:immigration:N5}[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[管理]{かんり:control:N2}[庁]{ちょう:agency:N2}での[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}[許可]{きょか:permit:N3}[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}）が[必要]{ひつよう:required:N3}、④[母国]{ぼこく:home country:N5}の[親族]{しんぞく:relatives:N4}に[頼れない]{たよれない:cannot rely on:N3}ため[緊急]{きんきゅう:emergency:N1}[時]{じ:cases:N5}の[病児]{びょうじ:sick child:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}・[ファミリーサポート]{ふぁみりーさぽーと:family support}[事業]{じぎょう:program:N4}の[活用]{かつよう:utilization:N3}が[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}、などが[挙げ]{あげ:cited:N1}られます。\n\n#en\nForeign families with resident registration basically hold equal rights — Child Allowance, lump-sum childbirth allowance, licensed daycare use, and the free-of-charge system. However, practical hurdles include: (1) municipal documents and briefings are basically Japanese-only (some municipalities offer English, Chinese, and Vietnamese support), (2) licensed daycare is generally in a Japanese-language environment (combined English use is rare), (3) acquiring residence status after birth is required (apply for residence-status acquisition permit at the Immigration Services Agency within 30 days of birth), (4) since one cannot rely on relatives from the home country, utilizing sick-child care and family support programs is important in emergencies.\n::\n\n::callout\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[ヒント]{ひんと:tips}：①[妊娠]{にんしん:pregnancy:N1}が[判明]{はんめい:confirmed:N3}したら[早期]{そうき:early stage:N3}に[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[母子]{ぼし:maternal and child:N5}[保健]{ほけん:health:N1}[窓口]{まどぐち:counter:N3}で[母子]{ぼし:maternal and child:N5}[健康]{けんこう:health:N1}[手帳]{てちょう:handbook:N1}を[受領]{じゅりょう:receive:N2}、②[出生]{しゅっせい:birth:N5}[届]{とどけ:notification:N2}は14[日]{にち:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}・[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}は30[日]{にち:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}・[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}[申請]{しんせい:application:N1}は15[日]{にち:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}と[期限]{きげん:deadlines:N3}が[厳しい]{きびしい:strict:N1}、③[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}と[認可外]{にんかがい:non-licensed:N3}を[並行]{へいこう:in parallel:N2}[申込み]{もうしこみ:apply:N3}・[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[対応]{たいおう:available:N1}インターナショナルプリスクールも[視野]{しや:in view:N1}に[入れる]{いれる:to include:N5}、④[企業]{きぎょう:corporate:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}や[ベビーシッター]{べびーしったー:babysitter}[補助]{ほじょ:subsidy:N2}など[勤務先]{きんむさき:workplace:N3}の[制度]{せいど:system:N3}も[確認]{かくにん:confirm:N3}。\n\n#en\nPractical tips for foreign families: (1) when pregnancy is confirmed, receive the maternal and child health handbook (boshi techō) early at the municipal maternal-and-child health counter, (2) deadlines are strict — birth notification within 14 days, residence-status acquisition within 30 days, Child Allowance application within 15 days, (3) apply to licensed and non-licensed in parallel, including English-supporting international preschools, (4) confirm workplace systems such as corporate childcare and babysitter subsidies.\n::\n\n::callout\n[総]{そう:overall:N2}[まとめ]{まとめ:summary}：①[児童手当]{じどうてあて:child allowance:N2}＝2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded:N1}（[高校生]{こうこうせい:high school student:N5}まで・[所得]{しょとく:income:N3}[制限]{せいげん:limit:N3}[撤廃]{てっぱい:abolished:N1}・[第]{だい:number:N1}3[子]{し:child:N5}[以降]{いこう:onwards:N3}[月]{つき:month:N5}3[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}）、②[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth:N3}[育児]{いくじ:childrearing:N2}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment:N5}＝50[万]{まん:ten thousand:N5}[円]{えん:yen:N5}（2023[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded:N1}）、③[産休]{さんきゅう:maternity leave:N3}＝[産前]{さんぜん:before childbirth:N3}6[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}+[産後]{さんご:after childbirth:N3}8[週間]{しゅうかん:weeks:N4}、[育休]{いくきゅう:parental leave:N3}＝1[歳]{さい:years old:N3}まで（[最長]{さいちょう:max:N3}2[歳]{さい:years old:N3}）、④[認可]{にんか:licensed:N3}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare:N1}＝[市区町村]{しくちょうそん:municipality:N2}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}・[点数]{てんすう:points:N3}[制度]{せいど:system:N3}、⑤[幼児]{ようじ:young children:N2}[教育]{きょういく:education:N3}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}[無償化]{むしょうか:making free:N1}＝3〜5[歳]{さい:years old:N3}[全員]{ぜんいん:everyone:N3}・[2019年]{にせんじゅうきゅうねん:2019:N5}10[月]{がつ:month:N5}〜、⑥[学童]{がくどう:after-school:N2}[保育]{ほいく:childcare:N1}＝[小学生]{しょうがくせい:elementary student:N5}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}・「[小]{しょう:elementary:N5}1の[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}」[課題]{かだい:challenge:N2}、⑦[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}も[同等]{どうとう:equal:N3}[待遇]{たいぐう:treatment:N1}・[書類]{しょるい:document:N3}[期限]{きげん:deadlines:N3}に[要]{よう:requires:N3}[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}。\n\n#en\nSummary: (1) Child Allowance = expanded October 2024 (through high-school age, income limit abolished, 30,000 yen monthly for third child onwards), (2) lump-sum childbirth allowance = 500,000 yen (expanded April 2023), (3) maternity leave = 6 weeks pre-birth + 8 weeks post-birth; parental leave = until age 1 (max age 2), (4) licensed daycare = municipal selection, points system, (5) free early childhood education \u002F childcare = ages 3-5 everyone, since October 2019, (6) after-school childcare = for elementary students, \"1st-grade wall\" challenge, (7) foreign families receive equal treatment but must mind document deadlines.\n::\n",{"id":69,"title":72,"titleEn":73,"topicPath":10,"questions":74},"子育て・保育園 確認テスト","Childcare & Daycare Quiz",[75,102,125,148,171],{"id":76,"articleId":6,"question":77,"options":80,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":97,"tags":100},"living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz-q01",{"en":78,"jp":79},"Which is correct about the October 2024 expansion of the Child Allowance?","2024[年]{ねん:year}10[月]{がつ:October}に[拡充]{かくじゅう:expanded}された[児童]{じどう:child}[手当]{てあて:allowance}の[改正]{かいせい:reform}[内容]{ないよう:contents}として[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[81,85,89,93],{"label":82,"jp":83,"en":84},"ア","[支給]{しきゅう:payment}[年齢]{ねんれい:age}[上限]{じょうげん:cap}が[小学校]{しょうがっこう:elementary}[卒業]{そつぎょう:graduation}まで[引]{ひ:lowered}き[下]{さ:lowered}げられた","Age cap lowered to elementary school graduation",{"label":86,"jp":87,"en":88},"イ","[高校]{こうこう:high school}[生]{せい:students}[年代]{ねんだい:age}まで[拡大]{かくだい:extended}、[所得]{しょとく:income}[制限]{せいげん:cap}[撤廃]{てっぱい:abolished}、[第]{だい:nth}3[子]{し:child}[以降]{いこう:onward}は[月]{つき:month}3[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}","Extended to high-school age, income cap abolished, ¥30,000\u002Fmonth from 3rd child onward",{"label":90,"jp":91,"en":92},"ウ","[支給]{しきゅう:payment}[額]{がく:amount}は[月]{つき:month}5000[円]{えん:yen}に[統一]{とういつ:unified}された","Unified to ¥5,000\u002Fmonth",{"label":94,"jp":95,"en":96},"エ","[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign}[家庭]{かてい:households}は[対象]{たいしょう:scope}[外]{がい:excluded}になった","Foreign households excluded",{"en":98,"jp":99},"October 2024 expansion: scope extended to high-school age (through fiscal year ending at 18), income cap removed, ¥30,000\u002Fmonth from the 3rd child onward. Foreign families with residency status are eligible.","2024[年]{ねん:year}10[月]{がつ:October}の[拡充]{かくじゅう:expansion}：[対象]{たいしょう:scope}を[高校]{こうこう:high school}[生]{せい:students}[年代]{ねんだい:age}（18[歳]{さい:years}になる[年度]{ねんど:fiscal year}[末]{まつ:end}）まで[拡大]{extended}、[所得]{しょとく:income}[制限]{せいげん:cap}を[撤廃]{てっぱい:abolished}、[第]{だい:nth}3[子]{し:child}[以降]{いこう:onward}は[月]{つき:month}3[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}に[増額]{ぞうがく:increased}。[在留]{ざいりゅう:residency}[資格]{しかく:status}を[持]{も:hold}つ[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreign}[家庭]{かてい:households}も[対象]{たいしょう:eligible}。",[101],"jido-teate",{"id":103,"articleId":6,"question":104,"options":107,"correctLabel":82,"explanation":120,"tags":123},"living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz-q02",{"en":105,"jp":106},"Most fitting difference between authorized and non-authorized daycare?","[認可]{にんか:authorized}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare}と[認可]{にんか:authorized}[外]{がい:non-}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare}の[違]{ちが:difference}いとして[最]{もっと:most}も[適切]{てきせつ:fitting}なのはどれか。",[108,111,114,117],{"label":82,"jp":109,"en":110},"[認可]{にんか:authorized}[外]{がい:non-}は[公的]{こうてき:public}[補助]{ほじょ:subsidies}を[受]{う:receive}けず、[保育]{ほいく:childcare}[料]{りょう:fee}が[一般]{いっぱん:generally}に[高]{たか:higher}い","Non-authorized lack public subsidies and generally cost more",{"label":86,"jp":112,"en":113},"[認可]{にんか:authorized}[外]{がい:non-}は[英語]{えいご:English}[必修]{ひっす:mandatory}","Non-authorized require English",{"label":90,"jp":115,"en":116},"[認可]{にんか:authorized}[外]{がい:non-}は[公務員]{こうむいん:civil servant}の[子]{こ:children}のみ[利用]{りよう:usable}","Non-authorized only for civil-servant children",{"label":94,"jp":118,"en":119},"[両者]{りょうしゃ:both}に[料金]{りょうきん:fee}[差]{さ:difference}はない","No fee difference",{"en":121,"jp":122},"Authorized daycare meets national\u002Fmunicipal standards and receives public subsidies. Non-authorized receives less subsidy and trends toward higher fees.","[認可]{にんか:authorized}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare}は[国]{くに:nation}・[自治体]{じちたい:municipality}の[基準]{きじゅん:standards}を[満]{み:meeting}たし[公的]{こうてき:public}[補助]{ほじょ:subsidies}を[受]{う:receive}ける。[認可]{にんか:authorized}[外]{がい:non-}は[補助]{ほじょ:subsidies}が[少]{すく:less}なく[料金]{りょうきん:fees}が[割高]{わりだか:higher}な[傾向]{けいこう:trend}。",[124],"authorized-daycare",{"id":126,"articleId":6,"question":127,"options":130,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":143,"tags":146},"living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz-q03",{"en":128,"jp":129},"Which is the age scope for the free early-childhood education\u002Fchildcare program (Oct 2019 onward)?","[幼児]{ようじ:early-childhood}[教育]{きょういく:education}・[保育]{ほいく:childcare}[無償化]{むしょうか:free}（2019[年]{ねん:year}10[月]{がつ:October}〜）の[対象]{たいしょう:scope}[年齢]{ねんれい:age}はどれか。",[131,134,137,140],{"label":82,"jp":132,"en":133},"0[歳]{さい:years}〜2[歳]{さい:years}[全員]{ぜんいん:all}","All children 0-2",{"label":86,"jp":135,"en":136},"3[歳]{さい:years}〜5[歳]{さい:years}[全員]{ぜんいん:all}（0-2[歳]{さい:years}は[住民]{じゅうみん:residents}[税]{ぜい:tax}[非課税]{ひかぜい:exempt}[世帯]{せたい:households}のみ）","All 3-5 (0-2 only for residence-tax-exempt households)",{"label":90,"jp":138,"en":139},"[小学]{しょうがく:elementary}[生]{せい:students}まで","Through elementary",{"label":94,"jp":141,"en":142},"[全]{すべ:all}[年齢]{ねんれい:ages}","All ages",{"en":144,"jp":145},"From October 2019, all 3-5 year olds are free at kindergartens, authorized daycare, and certified child centers. 0-2 only applies to residence-tax-exempt households.","[2019]{にせんじゅうきゅう:2019}[年]{ねん:year}10[月]{がつ:October}より、3〜5[歳]{さい:years}[全員]{ぜんいん:all}が[幼稚園]{ようちえん:kindergarten}・[認可]{にんか:authorized}[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare}・[認定]{にんてい:certified}こども[園]{えん:gardens}などで[無償]{むしょう:free}。0-2[歳]{さい:years}は[住民]{じゅうみん:residence}[税]{ぜい:tax}[非課税]{ひかぜい:exempt}[世帯]{せたい:households}のみ[対象]{たいしょう:scope}。",[147],"free-childcare",{"id":149,"articleId":6,"question":150,"options":153,"correctLabel":90,"explanation":166,"tags":169},"living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz-q04",{"en":151,"jp":152},"What's the lump-sum childbirth-childcare payment after the April 2023 increase?","[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth}[育児]{いくじ:childcare}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment}の[支給]{しきゅう:payment}[額]{がく:amount}（2023[年]{ねん:year}4[月]{がつ:April}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expansion}[後]{ご:after}）はいくらか。",[154,157,160,163],{"label":82,"jp":155,"en":156},"30[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}","¥300,000",{"label":86,"jp":158,"en":159},"42[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}","¥420,000",{"label":90,"jp":161,"en":162},"50[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}","¥500,000",{"label":94,"jp":164,"en":165},"100[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}","¥1,000,000",{"en":167,"jp":168},"The April 2023 expansion increased the childbirth-childcare lump-sum payment from ¥420,000 to ¥500,000.","2023[年]{ねん:year}4[月]{がつ:April}[拡充]{かくじゅう:expansion}により[出産]{しゅっさん:childbirth}[育児]{いくじ:childcare}[一時金]{いちじきん:lump-sum payment}は42[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}から50[万円]{まんえん:10k yen}に[引]{ひ:raised}き[上]{あ:raised}げられた。",[170],"shussan-ichijikin",{"id":172,"articleId":6,"question":173,"options":176,"correctLabel":86,"explanation":189,"tags":192},"living-kosodate-hoiku-quiz-q05",{"en":174,"jp":175},"What's the base period for childcare leave (ikukyu)?","[育児]{いくじ:childcare}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave}（[育休]{いくきゅう:childcare leave}）の[原則]{げんそく:base}[期間]{きかん:period}はどれか。",[177,180,183,186],{"label":82,"jp":178,"en":179},"[子]{こ:child}が6[ヶ月]{かげつ:months}になるまで","Until child is 6 months",{"label":86,"jp":181,"en":182},"[子]{こ:child}が1[歳]{さい:year}になるまで（[条件]{じょうけん:conditional}[付]{つ:additional}きで[最長]{さいちょう:max}2[歳]{さい:years}）","Until child is 1 year (max 2 with conditions)",{"label":90,"jp":184,"en":185},"[子]{こ:child}が3[歳]{さい:years}になるまで","Until child is 3 years",{"label":94,"jp":187,"en":188},"[子]{こ:child}が[小学校]{しょうがっこう:elementary}[入学]{にゅうがく:enrollment}まで","Until child enters elementary school",{"en":190,"jp":191},"Childcare leave is in principle taken until the child turns 1; if conditions like daycare unavailability are met, it can extend to a max of 2 years.","[育児]{いくじ:childcare}[休業]{きゅうぎょう:leave}は[原則]{げんそく:base}として[子]{こ:child}が1[歳]{さい:year}になるまで[取得]{しゅとく:taken}でき、[保育園]{ほいくえん:daycare}に[入]{はい:enter}れない[等]{とう:etc.}の[条件]{じょうけん:conditions}を[満]{み:meeting}たすと[最長]{さいちょう:max}2[歳]{さい:years}まで[延長]{えんちょう:extended}できる。",[193],"ikukyu"]