[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:living-chintai-keiyaku":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":79},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":6,"title":7,"titleEn":8,"category":9,"summary":10,"publishedAt":11,"image":12,"vocabulary":13},"article","living-chintai-keiyaku","賃貸契約と保証会社 — 礼金・敷金から保証料まで","Japanese Rental Contracts and Guarantor Companies — From Reikin and Shikikin to Hoshōryō","living-in-japan","Detailed walkthrough of a Japanese rental contract: the initial-cost line items (shikikin, reikin, brokerage, fire insurance, lock change, guarantor fee), how guarantor companies (hoshō-gaisha) replace the traditional personal renten-hoshōnin, the 2-year contract cycle with kōshinryō, and the move-out genjō-kaifuku rules under the MLIT depreciation guidelines that determine how much of your deposit you actually get back.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fliving-chintai-keiyaku.png",[14,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75],{"word":15,"reading":16,"meaning":17,"level":18},"賃貸契約","ちんたいけいやく","rental contract","N1",{"word":20,"reading":21,"meaning":22,"level":18},"敷金","しききん","security deposit",{"word":24,"reading":25,"meaning":26,"level":18},"礼金","れいきん","key money (non-refundable)",{"word":28,"reading":29,"meaning":30,"level":18},"仲介手数料","ちゅうかいてすうりょう","brokerage fee",{"word":32,"reading":33,"meaning":34,"level":18},"保証会社","ほしょうがいしゃ","guarantor company",{"word":36,"reading":37,"meaning":38,"level":18},"連帯保証人","れんたいほしょうにん","joint guarantor",{"word":40,"reading":41,"meaning":42,"level":18},"更新料","こうしんりょう","contract renewal fee",{"word":44,"reading":45,"meaning":46,"level":18},"原状回復","げんじょうかいふく","restoration to original state",{"word":48,"reading":49,"meaning":50,"level":18},"退去","たいきょ","vacating",{"word":52,"reading":53,"meaning":54,"level":18},"火災保険","かさいほけん","fire insurance",{"word":56,"reading":57,"meaning":58,"level":18},"鍵交換費","かぎこうかんひ","lock change fee",{"word":60,"reading":61,"meaning":62,"level":18},"重要事項説明","じゅうようじこうせつめい","explanation of important matters",{"word":64,"reading":65,"meaning":66,"level":18},"宅建士","たっけんし","licensed real estate broker",{"word":68,"reading":69,"meaning":70,"level":18},"入居審査","にゅうきょしんさ","tenant screening",{"word":72,"reading":73,"meaning":74,"level":18},"経年劣化","けいねんれっか","deterioration over time",{"word":76,"reading":77,"meaning":78,"level":18},"通常損耗","つうじょうそんもう","normal wear and tear","\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}は、[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}と[比べて]{くらべて:compared with:N2}[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}が[極めて]{きわめて:extremely:N2}[高く]{たかく:high:N5}、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書類]{しょるい:documents:N3}も[複雑]{ふくざつ:complex:N2}で[独自]{どくじ:unique:N1}の[商]{しょう:commercial:N3}[慣習]{かんしゅう:custom:N3}が[多い]{おおい:many:N4}のが[特徴]{とくちょう:characteristic:N1}です。[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[4]{よん:four}〜[6]{ろく:six}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}に[相当]{そうとう:equivalent:N3}する[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}を[一括]{いっかつ:lump sum:N1}で[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があり、[敷金]{しききん:security deposit:N1}・[礼金]{れいきん:key money:N3}・[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}・[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}・[鍵]{かぎ:key:N1}[交換費]{こうかんひ:replacement fee:N2}・[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}など、[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}ごとに[意味]{いみ:meaning:N4}と[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}が[異なる]{ことなる:to differ:N1}ため、[内訳]{うちわけ:breakdown:N1}を[正確]{せいかく:accurately:N3}に[理解]{りかい:to understand:N3}することが[トラブル]{トラブル:trouble}[回避]{かいひ:avoidance:N1}の[第一]{だいいち:first:N1}[歩]{ぽ:step:N4}です。\n\n#en\nJapanese rental contracts have extremely high initial costs compared to overseas, with complex contract documents and many unique commercial customs. You need to pay an initial cost equivalent to 4-6 months of rent in a lump sum: shikikin, reikin, brokerage, fire insurance, lock change, guarantor fee — each item has its own meaning and market rate. Accurately understanding the breakdown is the first step to avoiding trouble.\n::\n\n::heading\n[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}の[内訳]{うちわけ:breakdown:N1}\n\n#en\nBreakdown of Initial Costs\n::\n\n::para\n[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}は[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typically:N2}に[次]{つぎ:following:N3}の[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}で[構成]{こうせい:to consist of:N3}されます。[第一]{だいいち:first:N1}に[敷金]{しききん:security deposit:N1}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[1]{いっ:one}〜[2]{に:two}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}）です。[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[滞納]{たいのう:non-payment:N1}や[退去]{たいきょ:move-out:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}に[充当]{じゅうとう:allocation:N1}される[預け金]{あずけきん:deposit money:N2}で、[退去]{たいきょ:move-out:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[使用]{しよう:use:N4}しなかった[残額]{ざんがく:remainder:N2}は[返還]{へんかん:to return:N1}されるのが[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}です。[第二]{だいに:second:N1}に[礼金]{れいきん:key money:N3}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[0]{ぜろ:0}〜[2]{に:two}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}）です。[大家]{おおや:landlord:N4}への[謝礼]{しゃれい:token of gratitude:N1}としての[性質]{せいしつ:nature:N3}を[持つ]{もつ:to have:N4}[非]{ひ:non-:N3}[返還]{へんかん:refundable:N1}[金]{きん:money:N5}で、[戦後]{せんご:post-war:N3}の[住宅]{じゅうたく:housing:N3}[不足]{ふそく:shortage:N4}[時代]{じだい:era:N4}に[生まれた]{うまれた:was born:N5}[商]{しょう:commercial:N3}[慣習]{かんしゅう:custom:N3}が[現代]{げんだい:modern times:N3}まで[残っている]{のこっている:to remain:N3}ものです。\n\n#en\nInitial costs are typically composed of the following items. First is the shikikin (security deposit, 1-2 months' rent). It is deposit money allocated to unpaid rent or restoration costs at move-out, and as a rule any unused remainder is refunded. Second is the reikin (key money, 0-2 months' rent). It is non-refundable money in the nature of \"thanks\" to the landlord, a commercial custom born in the post-war housing-shortage era that survives into the present.\n::\n\n::para\n[第三]{だいさん:third:N1}に[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[手数料]{てすうりょう:fee:N3}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}+[消費]{しょうひ:consumption:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}）です。[宅地]{たくち:residential land:N3}[建物]{たてもの:building:N4}[取引業法]{とりひきぎょうほう:Real Estate Brokerage Act:N3}により、[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:agent:N4}が[受け取れる]{うけとれる:may receive:N3}[最大]{さいだい:maximum:N3}[額]{がく:amount:N2}は[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}+[消費]{しょうひ:consumption:N3}[税]{ぜい:tax:N2}と[法定]{ほうてい:statutorily:N3}されています。[依頼]{いらい:request:N2}[者]{しゃ:person:N4}（[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}）の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}があれば[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[全額]{ぜんがく:full amount:N2}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}できますが、[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}がない[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}・[貸主]{かしぬし:landlord:N4}[折半]{せっぱん:split equally:N3}が[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}です。[第四]{だいよん:fourth:N1}に[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}（[2]{に:two}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}で[1]{いち:one}〜[2]{に:two}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}）です。[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}の[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}とされ、[家財]{かざい:household goods:N3}[補償]{ほしょう:compensation:N1}と[借家人]{しゃくやにん:tenant:N4}[賠償]{ばいしょう:liability:N1}[責任]{せきにん:responsibility:N3}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}が[セット]{セット:set}になっているのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typical:N2}です。\n\n#en\nThird is the brokerage fee (1 month's rent + consumption tax). Under the Real Estate Brokerage Act, the maximum a brokerage may receive is statutorily set at one month's rent plus consumption tax. With the principal's (tenant's) consent, the tenant can bear the full amount; without consent, the rule is to split it between tenant and landlord. Fourth is fire insurance (about 10,000-20,000 yen for 2 years). It is treated as a mandatory condition of the rental contract and typically bundles household-goods coverage with tenant liability insurance.\n::\n\n::para\n[第五]{だいご:fifth:N1}に[鍵]{かぎ:key:N1}[交換費]{こうかんひ:replacement fee:N2}（[1.5]{いってんご:1.5}〜[3]{さん:3}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）です。[前]{ぜん:previous:N5}[入居]{にゅうきょ:tenant:N3}[者]{しゃ:person:N4}が[使用]{しよう:to use:N4}していた[鍵]{かぎ:key:N1}を[交換]{こうかん:to replace:N2}する[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}で、[国土]{こくど:land:N5}[交通省]{こうつうしょう:transport ministry:N2}（[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}）の[ガイドライン]{ガイドライン:guidelines}では[本来]{ほんらい:originally:N5}[貸主]{かしぬし:landlord:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}とされていますが、[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}では[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}が[多い]{おおい:many:N4}のが[現状]{げんじょう:current state:N3}です。[第六]{だいろく:sixth:N1}に[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[50%]{ごじゅっパーセント:50%}〜[100%]{ひゃくパーセント:100%}）です。[後述]{こうじゅつ:described later:N2}する[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}に[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}[費用]{ひよう:fee:N3}で、[初回]{しょかい:initial:N3}は[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[50%]{ごじゅっパーセント:50%}〜[100%]{ひゃくパーセント:100%}、[2]{に:two}[年]{ねん:year:N5}ごとの[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[1]{いち:one}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[程度]{ていど:approximately:N3}が[追加]{ついか:additional:N3}で[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}します。\n\n#en\nFifth is the lock-change fee (15,000-30,000 yen). It covers replacing the lock used by the previous tenant. Under MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) guidelines this should originally be borne by the landlord, but in practice it is mostly charged to the tenant. Sixth is the guarantor fee (50%-100% of monthly rent). This is the fee paid to the guarantor company described below: initially 50%-100% of monthly rent, with about 10,000 yen added at each 2-year renewal.\n::\n\n::callout\n[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}[早見]{はやみ:quick reference:N4}[表]{ひょう:table:N3}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[10]{じゅう:10}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}の[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}）：[敷金]{しききん:shikikin:N1}[20]{にじゅう:20}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}+[礼金]{れいきん:reikin:N3}[10]{じゅう:10}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}+[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[11]{じゅういち:11}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}（[税込]{ぜいこみ:tax included:N2}）+[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}[2]{に:2}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}+[鍵]{かぎ:key:N1}[交換]{こうかん:replacement:N2}[2]{に:2}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}+[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}[5]{ご:5}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}+[前家賃]{まえやちん:advance rent:N1}[10]{じゅう:10}[万]{まん:10,000:N5}＝[合計]{ごうけい:total:N3}[約]{やく:about:N3}[60]{ろくじゅう:60}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[6]{ろく:six}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}）。\n\n#en\nInitial cost quick-reference (for monthly rent of 100,000 yen): shikikin 200,000 + reikin 100,000 + brokerage 110,000 (incl. tax) + fire insurance 20,000 + lock change 20,000 + guarantor fee 50,000 + first month's rent 100,000 = total approx. 600,000 yen (6 months' rent).\n::\n\n::heading\n[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[役割]{やくわり:role:N3}と[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}[性]{せい:quality:N3}\n\n#en\nThe Role and Necessity of Guarantor Companies\n::\n\n::para\n[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[債務]{さいむ:obligation:N1}[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}）は、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}を[滞納]{たいのう:non-payment:N1}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}に[代わり]{かわり:in place of:N4}[大家]{おおや:landlord:N4}に[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}を[立替]{たてかえ:to advance:N2}え、[後日]{ごじつ:later:N5}[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}に[請求]{せいきゅう:to bill:N1}する[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}です。[従来]{じゅうらい:traditionally:N1}の[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[実務]{じつむ:practice:N3}では、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}は[連帯]{れんたい:joint:N2}[保証人]{ほしょうにん:guarantor:N1}（[親族]{しんぞく:relative:N4}など[資力]{しりょく:financial means:N3}のある[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}）を[立てる]{たてる:to put up:N4}ことが[求め]{もとめ:to require:N3}られていましたが、[少子]{しょうし:declining birthrate:N4}[高齢化]{こうれいか:aging:N2}や[核]{かく:nuclear:N1}[家族化]{かぞくか:family-ization:N3}により[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[保証人]{ほしょうにん:guarantor:N1}を[確保]{かくほ:to secure:N1}できない[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[増加]{ぞうか:increase:N3}したことから、[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}が[一般化]{いっぱんか:became standard:N2}しました。\n\n#en\nA guarantor company (rent obligation guarantor company) is a firm that, when the tenant fails to pay rent, advances rent to the landlord on the tenant's behalf and later bills the tenant. Traditionally Japanese rental practice required tenants to put up a joint guarantor (a financially capable third party such as a relative), but as the declining birthrate, aging society, and nuclear-family trend made it harder for tenants to secure an appropriate guarantor, use of guarantor companies became standard.\n::\n\n::para\n[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}では[新規]{しんき:new:N3}[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}の[8]{はち:eight}[割]{わり:tenths:N3}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}が[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}を[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}としており、[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}にとっては[ほぼ]{ほぼ:nearly}[避けられない]{さけられない:unavoidable:N1}[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}です。[日本人]{にほんじん:Japanese:N5}の[連帯]{れんたい:joint:N2}[保証人]{ほしょうにん:guarantor:N1}を[立てた]{たてた:put up:N4}としても、[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}では[併用]{へいよう:concurrent use:N1}（[保証人]{ほしょうにん:guarantor:N1}+[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}）が[要求]{ようきゅう:required:N3}されます。[代表的]{だいひょうてき:representative:N3}な[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}は[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}セーフティ、[全]{ぜん:all:N3}[保連]{ほれん:guarantor association:N1}、[エポス]{エポス:Epos}カード（クレジットカード[利用]{りよう:use:N3}を[条件]{じょうけん:condition:N1}とするもの）、[Casa]{Casa:Casa}などです。\n\n#en\nCurrently, more than 80% of new rental contracts make use of a guarantor company a mandatory condition, and for foreign tenants this is virtually unavoidable. Even if you put up a Japanese joint guarantor, many properties require both (guarantor + guarantor company). Representative guarantor companies include Nippon Safety, Zenhōren, Epos Card (which conditions use on having a credit card), and Casa.\n::\n\n::para\n[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[入居]{にゅうきょ:tenant:N3}[審査]{しんさ:screening:N1}では、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}の[年収]{ねんしゅう:annual income:N3}・[勤務]{きんむ:employment:N3}[先]{さき:place:N5}・[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}・[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}[資格]{しかく:status:N3}・[緊急]{きんきゅう:emergency:N1}[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}[先]{さき:point:N5}（[母国]{ぼこく:home country:N5}の[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}でも[可]{か:acceptable:N4}）を[確認]{かくにん:to verify:N3}します。[最近]{さいきん:recently:N3}は[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[専門]{せんもん:specialized:N2}の[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}（[グローバルトラスト]{グローバルトラスト:Global Trust}ネットワークス[等]{とう:etc.:N3}）も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}おり、[英語]{えいご:English:N4}・[中国]{ちゅうごく:Chinese:N5}[語]{ご:language:N5}・[ベトナム]{ベトナム:Vietnamese}[語]{ご:language:N5}など[多言語]{たげんご:multilingual:N4}[対応]{たいおう:support:N1}が[実現]{じつげん:to realize:N3}されています。\n\n#en\nGuarantor-company tenant screening verifies the tenant's annual income, employer, residence period, residence status, and emergency contact (a family member in your home country is acceptable). Recently more guarantor companies specialize in foreigners (such as Global Trust Networks), with multilingual support including English, Chinese, and Vietnamese.\n::\n\n::callout\n[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}ポイント：[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[初回]{しょかい:initial:N3}[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}は[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}の[50%]{ごじゅっパーセント:50%}〜[100%]{ひゃくパーセント:100%}、[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}は[年間]{ねんかん:annual:N5}[1]{いち:one}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[前後]{ぜんご:approximately:N5}が[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}。[料金]{りょうきん:fee:N4}は[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}が[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}。[滞納]{たいのう:default:N1}しても[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}が[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}を[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}が、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}は[後日]{ごじつ:later:N5}[支払う]{しはらう:to pay:N3}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}が[残る]{のこる:to remain:N3}（[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}の[債務]{さいむ:obligation:N1}は[消滅]{しょうめつ:to extinguish:N1}しない）。\n\n#en\nPractical point: guarantor companies typically charge 50%-100% of monthly rent up front and around 10,000 yen per year at renewal. The fee is in principle borne by the tenant. If you default, the guarantor company pays the rent, but the tenant remains obligated to pay later (the tenant's obligation is not extinguished).\n::\n\n::heading\n[更新料]{こうしんりょう:renewal fee:N3}と[2]{に:2}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}サイクル\n\n#en\nRenewal Fee (Kōshinryō) and the 2-Year Contract Cycle\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}の[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}は[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typically:N2}[2]{に:two}[年間]{ねんかん:years:N5}を[1]{いっ:one}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}とする[普通]{ふつう:ordinary:N2}[借家]{しゃっか:house lease:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}が[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}です。[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[期間]{きかん:period:N3}[満了]{まんりょう:expiration:N2}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}を[行う]{おこなう:to carry out:N5}[際]{さい:when:N3}、[首都圏]{しゅとけん:Tokyo metropolitan area:N1}や[関西圏]{かんさいけん:Kansai area:N1}の[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}では[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}が[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}）の[支払い]{しはらい:payment:N3}が[求め]{もとめ:to require:N3}られます。[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}は[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}[強制]{きょうせい:compulsory:N3}されるものではなく、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}に[明記]{めいき:clearly stated:N3}されている[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}にのみ[支払]{しはらい:payment:N3}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}が[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}します。[最高]{さいこう:supreme:N3}[裁判所]{さいばんしょ:court:N1}は[2011]{にせんじゅういち:2011}[年]{ねん:year:N5}の[判決]{はんけつ:ruling:N3}で、[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}の[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}は[消費]{しょうひ:consumer:N3}[者]{しゃ:individual:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}に[反]{はん:violation:N3}しないと[判示]{はんじ:to rule:N3}しています。\n\n#en\nJapanese rental contracts are typically based on a 2-year ordinary lease (futsū shakka keiyaku) as one period. At expiration, in some properties in the Tokyo metropolitan and Kansai areas a kōshinryō (renewal fee, typically 1 month's rent) is required. The renewal fee is not legally compulsory and only triggers a payment obligation if clearly stated in the contract. The Supreme Court ruled in 2011 that renewal fees within an appropriate range do not violate the Consumer Contract Act.\n::\n\n::para\n[更新料]{こうしんりょう:renewal fee:N3}に[加え]{くわえ:in addition to:N3}、[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}には[火災]{かさい:fire:N1}[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}の[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}（[1]{いち:one}〜[2]{に:two}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}）と[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}の[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}（[1]{いち:one}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}[前後]{ぜんご:approximately:N5}）が[同時]{どうじ:simultaneous:N4}に[発生]{はっせい:to occur:N4}します。[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[総]{そう:total:N2}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}は[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[10]{じゅう:10}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}の[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}で[約]{やく:approximately:N3}[12]{じゅうに:12}〜[13]{じゅうさん:13}[万円]{まんえん:10,000 yen:N5}となるのが[一般的]{いっぱんてき:typical:N2}です。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、[関東]{かんとう:Kanto:N3}[圏]{けん:region:N1}の[新興]{しんこう:newly developing:N1}[エリア]{エリア:area}や[関西]{かんさい:Kansai:N3}[圏]{けん:region:N1}の[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}では[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}[なし]{なし:none}の[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}おり、[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[確認]{かくにん:to confirm:N3}すべき[項目]{こうもく:item:N1}です。\n\n#en\nIn addition to the renewal fee, fire insurance renewal (10,000-20,000 yen) and the guarantor company renewal fee (around 10,000 yen) are typically due at the same time. The total burden at renewal is typically about 120,000-130,000 yen for a property with 100,000 yen monthly rent. On the other hand, no-renewal-fee contracts are increasing in newer Kanto areas and some Kansai properties, so this is an item you must always confirm at contract signing.\n::\n\n::heading\n[退去]{たいきょ:vacating:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}と[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}ガイドライン\n\n#en\nMove-Out Restoration (Genjō Kaifuku) and the MLIT Guidelines\n::\n\n::para\n[退去]{たいきょ:move-out:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}は、[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[で]{で:in}[最も]{もっとも:most:N3}トラブルが[発生]{はっせい:occurs:N4}しやすい[局面]{きょくめん:situation:N3}です。[国土]{こくど:land:N5}[交通省]{こうつうしょう:transport ministry:N2}が[策定]{さくてい:formulated:N1}した「[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}をめぐるトラブルとガイドライン」（[最新]{さいしん:latest:N3}は[2023]{にせんにじゅうさん:2023}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[再]{さい:re-:N2}[改訂]{かいてい:revised:N1}[版]{ばん:edition:N2}）が[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}の[基準]{きじゅん:standard:N1}となっています。[原則]{げんそく:principle:N2}として、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}するのは「[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}の[故意]{こい:intent:N1}・[過失]{かしつ:negligence:N3}・[善管]{ぜんかん:good management:N1}[注意]{ちゅうい:attention:N4}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}・[通常]{つうじょう:normal:N3}の[使用]{しよう:use:N4}を[超える]{こえる:to exceed:N2}[使用]{しよう:use:N4}による[損耗]{そんもう:wear:N1}」のみであり、[経年]{けいねん:over time:N3}[劣化]{れっか:deterioration:N1}や[通常]{つうじょう:normal:N3}[損耗]{そんもう:wear and tear:N1}は[貸主]{かしぬし:landlord:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}とされています。\n\n#en\nMove-out restoration is the most trouble-prone phase of a rental contract. The \"Trouble and Guidelines on Restoration\" formulated by the MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) — most recently re-revised in 2023 — is the practical standard. As a rule, the tenant bears only \"wear caused by the tenant's intent, negligence, breach of duty of good-faith management, or use exceeding normal use.\" Aging deterioration and normal wear and tear are borne by the landlord.\n::\n\n::para\n[具体例]{ぐたいれい:concrete example:N3}としては、[家具]{かぐ:furniture:N3}[設置]{せっち:placement:N2}による[床]{ゆか:floor:N2}の[へこみ]{へこみ:dent}・[テレビ]{テレビ:TV}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}による[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}の[電気]{でんき:electric:N5}[ヤケ]{ヤケ:burn marks}・[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}[紙]{がみ:paper:N4}の[日焼け]{ひやけ:sun fading:N2}などは[通常]{つうじょう:normal:N3}[損耗]{そんもう:wear and tear:N1}とされ、[貸主]{かしぬし:landlord:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}です。[一方]{いっぽう:on the other hand:N4}、タバコの[ヤニ]{ヤニ:tar}[汚れ]{よごれ:stains:N2}・ペットによる[傷]{きず:scratches:N1}・[飲み物]{のみもの:beverage:N4}を[こぼした]{こぼした:spilled}シミ・[結露]{けつろ:condensation:N1}を[放置]{ほうち:to leave:N3}したことによるカビは[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:to bear:N2}となります。[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}[紙]{がみ:paper:N4}の[張り替え]{はりかえ:replacement:N1}は、[損耗]{そんもう:wear:N1}した[部分]{ぶぶん:area:N3}のみが[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject:N2}で、[1]{いち:one}[面]{めん:wall:N3}[全体]{ぜんたい:entire:N3}の[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}を[請求]{せいきゅう:to bill:N1}されることはありません。\n\n#en\nConcrete examples: floor dents from furniture placement, electrical scorching of walls behind TVs, and sun-faded wallpaper count as normal wear and tear and are borne by the landlord. By contrast, tobacco tar staining, pet scratches, beverage-spill stains, and mold from leaving condensation unaddressed are borne by the tenant. For wallpaper replacement, only the worn portion is the tenant's responsibility — they cannot bill you for the cost of an entire wall.\n::\n\n::callout\n[減価]{げんか:depreciation:N1}[償却]{しょうきゃく:amortization:N1}の[考え方]{かんがえかた:concept:N4}：[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}ガイドラインでは、[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}[紙]{がみ:paper:N4}は[6]{ろく:six}[年]{ねん:year:N5}・[カーペット]{カーペット:carpet}は[6]{ろく:six}[年]{ねん:year:N5}・[エアコン]{エアコン:air conditioner}は[6]{ろく:six}[年]{ねん:year:N5}で[残存]{ざんぞん:residual:N3}[価値]{かち:value:N1}が[1]{いち:one}[円]{えん:yen:N5}となるよう[減価]{げんか:depreciation:N1}[償却]{しょうきゃく:amortization:N1}を[適用]{てきよう:to apply:N3}。[長期]{ちょうき:long-term:N3}[入居]{にゅうきょ:tenancy:N3}の[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}ほど[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}[割合]{わりあい:proportion:N3}は[小さく]{ちいさく:small:N5}なる。[6]{ろく:six}[年]{ねん:year:N5}[以上]{いじょう:or more:N4}[住んだ]{すんだ:lived:N4}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}[紙]{がみ:paper:N4}・[床]{ゆか:floor:N2}の[多く]{おおく:many:N4}は[実質]{じっしつ:effectively:N3}[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}[ゼロ]{ゼロ:zero}になる。\n\n#en\nConcept of depreciation: under MLIT guidelines, wallpaper, carpet, and air conditioners are depreciated so that residual value reaches 1 yen at 6 years. The longer your tenancy, the smaller your share of the burden. After 6+ years of residence, much of the wallpaper and flooring effectively becomes zero burden for the tenant.\n::\n\n::heading\n[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}と[宅建]{たっけん:real-estate:N3}[士]{し:licensed:N1}\n\n#en\nExplanation of Important Matters and the Licensed Broker\n::\n\n::para\n[賃貸]{ちんたい:rental:N1}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}の[締結]{ていけつ:conclusion:N1}[前]{まえ:before:N5}に、[宅地]{たくち:residential land:N3}[建物]{たてもの:building:N4}[取引業法]{とりひきぎょうほう:Real Estate Brokerage Act:N3}[第]{だい:Article:N1}[35]{さんじゅうご:35}[条]{じょう:Article:N1}に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}（[重説]{じゅうせつ:juusetsu:N3}）が[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}です。[宅地]{たくち:residential land:N3}[建物]{たてもの:building:N4}[取引士]{とりひきし:transaction specialist:N1}（[宅建士]{たっけんし:licensed real estate broker:N1}）が[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}に[対面]{たいめん:face-to-face:N3}（または[IT重説]{ITじゅうせつ:online IT juusetsu:N3}）で[書面]{しょめん:written:N3}を[交付]{こうふ:to deliver:N3}し[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}を[読み上げる]{よみあげる:to read aloud:N5}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}を[負い]{おい:to bear:N3}ます。[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}には、[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}の[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}・[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[条件]{じょうけん:terms:N1}・[更新]{こうしん:renewal:N3}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}・[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}[特約]{とくやく:special clause:N3}・[禁止]{きんし:prohibited:N2}[事項]{じこう:items:N1}（ペット・[楽器]{がっき:musical instrument:N1}など）が[含ま]{ふくま:included:N2}れます。\n\n#en\nBefore concluding the rental contract, the explanation of important matters (jūsetsu) under Article 35 of the Real Estate Brokerage Act is mandatory. A licensed real-estate transaction specialist (takken-shi) must hand over a written document and read its contents aloud to the tenant in person (or via the online IT-jūsetsu format). The items explained include the property's basic information, contract terms, renewal fee, restoration special clauses, and prohibited items (pets, musical instruments, etc.).\n::\n\n::para\n[宅建士]{たっけんし:licensed broker:N1}は[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[宅建士]{たっけんし:licensed broker:N1}[証]{しょう:license:N1}を[提示]{ていじ:to present:N1}する[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}があり、[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}は[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}に[疑問]{ぎもん:question:N3}があれば[積極的]{せっきょくてき:actively:N2}に[質問]{しつもん:to ask:N4}すべきです。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}「[原状]{げんじょう:original state:N3}[回復]{かいふく:restoration:N2}に[関する]{かんする:regarding:N3}[特約]{とくやく:special clauses:N3}」は[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}ガイドラインを[超えて]{こえて:exceeding:N2}[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}に[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}を[課す]{かす:to impose:N2}[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}が[含ま]{ふくま:included:N2}れていることがあります。「[退去]{たいきょ:move-out:N3}[時]{じ:at the time of:N5}クリーニング[費]{ひ:fee:N3}は[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}」「[エアコン]{エアコン:air conditioner}[クリーニング]{クリーニング:cleaning}[費]{ひ:fee:N3}は[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}」などの[特約]{とくやく:special clauses:N3}は、[消費]{しょうひ:consumer:N3}[者]{しゃ:individual:N4}[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}[第]{だい:Article:N1}[10]{じゅう:10}[条]{じょう:Article:N1}により[無効]{むこう:invalid:N2}と[判断]{はんだん:judged:N3}される[可能性]{かのうせい:possibility:N3}があり、[争う]{あらそう:to dispute:N3}[余地]{よち:room:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nThe licensed broker must present their broker's license at the time of explanation, and the tenant should actively ask questions if anything is unclear. Restoration-related special clauses in particular sometimes contain content that imposes burden on the tenant beyond the MLIT guidelines. Special clauses like \"move-out cleaning fee borne by tenant\" or \"air-conditioner cleaning fee borne by tenant\" may be invalid under Article 10 of the Consumer Contract Act and there is room to dispute them.\n::\n\n::heading\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[特有]{とくゆう:unique:N4}の[論点]{ろんてん:issues:N3}と[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[対応]{たいおう:response:N1}\n\n#en\nIssues Unique to Foreigners and Practical Responses\n::\n\n::para\n[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[借主]{かりぬし:tenant:N4}が[直面]{ちょくめん:to face:N3}する[特有]{とくゆう:unique:N4}の[課題]{かだい:challenges:N2}として、[第一]{だいいち:first:N1}に「[入居]{にゅうきょ:tenant:N3}[拒否]{きょひ:refusal:N1}」が[挙げ]{あげ:to cite:N1}られます。[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}の[大家]{おおや:landlord:N4}は[言葉]{ことば:language:N3}の[壁]{かべ:wall:N1}や[文化]{ぶんか:cultural:N3}の[違い]{ちがい:differences:N3}を[理由]{りゆう:reason:N3}に[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[入居]{にゅうきょ:tenancy:N3}を[拒む]{こばむ:to refuse:N1}ことがあります。[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}は[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[居住]{きょじゅう:residence:N3}[支援]{しえん:support:N1}を[推進]{すいしん:to promote:N1}しており、[外国人]{がいこくじん:foreigner:N5}[歓迎]{かんげい:welcoming:N1}[物件]{ぶっけん:property:N3}を[専門]{せんもん:specializing:N2}に[扱う]{あつかう:to handle:N1}[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:agent:N4}（[GTNゴールドアパートメント]{GTNゴールドアパートメント:GTN Gold Apartment}、[ICHIIBROCKERS]{ICHIIBROCKERS:Ichii Brokers}など）も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}います。\n\n#en\nAmong the unique challenges foreign tenants face, the first is \"tenancy refusal.\" Some landlords refuse foreign tenants citing language or cultural differences. MLIT promotes foreign-resident support, and brokers specializing in foreigner-friendly properties (such as GTN Gold Apartment and Ichii Brokers) are increasing.\n::\n\n::para\n[第二]{だいに:second:N1}に[緊急]{きんきゅう:emergency:N1}[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}[先]{さき:point:N5}の[確保]{かくほ:securing:N1}です。[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}で[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}[国内]{こくない:domestic:N3}の[緊急]{きんきゅう:emergency:N1}[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}[先]{さき:point:N5}が[要求]{ようきゅう:required:N3}されますが、[勤務]{きんむ:employment:N3}[先]{さき:place:N5}の[人事]{じんじ:HR:N4}[担当者]{たんとうしゃ:person in charge:N2}や[同僚]{どうりょう:colleague:N1}に[依頼]{いらい:to request:N2}するケースが[多い]{おおい:many:N4}です。[第三]{だいさん:third:N1}に[契約]{けいやく:contract:N1}[書]{しょ:document:N5}が[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[語]{ご:language:N5}のみであることです。[英語]{えいご:English:N4}[版]{ばん:version:N2}を[用意]{ようい:to prepare:N4}する[業者]{ぎょうしゃ:broker:N4}も[増えて]{ふえて:to increase:N3}いますが、[法的]{ほうてき:legal:N3}[拘束]{こうそく:binding:N1}[力]{りょく:force:N4}を[持つ]{もつ:to have:N4}のは[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[語]{ご:language:N5}[版]{ばん:version:N2}のみであることが[多く]{おおく:many:N4}、[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}を[十分]{じゅうぶん:fully:N5}[理解]{りかい:to understand:N3}してからサインする[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があります。[第四]{だいよん:fourth:N1}に[転居]{てんきょ:moving residence:N3}[時]{じ:at the time of:N5}の[在留]{ざいりゅう:residence:N3}カード[住所]{じゅうしょ:address:N3}[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}（[14]{じゅうよっ:14}[日]{か:days:N5}[以内]{いない:within:N3}）と[市区]{しく:city\u002Fward:N2}[役所]{やくしょ:office:N3}[手続き]{てつづき:procedures:N3}を[忘れず]{わすれず:without forgetting:N3}に[行う]{おこなう:to carry out:N5}ことが[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}です。\n\n#en\nSecond is securing an emergency contact. Most contracts require a domestic Japanese emergency contact; many foreigners ask their HR contact or a colleague. Third, contracts are usually in Japanese only. More brokers prepare English versions, but only the Japanese version typically has legal binding force, so you must fully understand the content before signing. Fourth, you must remember to change the address on your residence card (within 14 days) and complete city\u002Fward office procedures when moving.\n::\n\n::callout\n[最終]{さいしゅう:final:N3}[まとめ]{まとめ:summary}：①[初期]{しょき:initial:N3}[費用]{ひよう:cost:N3}＝[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[4]{よん:4}〜[6]{ろっ:6}か[月]{げつ:months:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}（[敷金]{しききん:shikikin:N1}・[礼金]{れいきん:reikin:N3}・[仲介]{ちゅうかい:brokerage:N2}・[保険]{ほけん:insurance:N1}・[鍵]{かぎ:key:N1}・[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[料]{りょう:fee:N4}）、②[保証]{ほしょう:guarantor:N1}[会社]{がいしゃ:company:N4}は[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}[必須]{ひっす:mandatory:N1}（[初回]{しょかい:initial:N3}[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[50%]{ごじゅっ:50%}〜[100%]{ひゃく:100%}）、③[更新料]{こうしんりょう:renewal fee:N3}は[2]{に:2}[年]{ねん:years:N5}ごと（[家賃]{やちん:rent:N1}[1]{いっ:one}か[月]{げつ:month:N5}[分]{ぶん:worth:N5}が[相場]{そうば:market rate:N3}）、④[退去]{たいきょ:move-out:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}は[国交省]{こっこうしょう:MLIT:N2}ガイドライン（[経年]{けいねん:over time:N3}[劣化]{れっか:deterioration:N1}は[貸主]{かしぬし:landlord:N4}[負担]{ふたん:burden:N2}）、⑤[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}[事項]{じこう:matters:N1}[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}は[宅建士]{たっけんし:licensed broker:N1}が[実施]{じっし:to perform:N1}し[特約]{とくやく:special clauses:N3}を[必ず]{かならず:always:N3}[確認]{かくにん:to confirm:N3}。\n\n#en\nFinal summary: (1) initial cost = 4-6 months' rent (shikikin, reikin, brokerage, insurance, lock, guarantor fee), (2) guarantor company is practically mandatory (initial 50%-100% of monthly rent), (3) renewal fee every 2 years (typically 1 month's rent), (4) at move-out the MLIT guidelines apply (aging deterioration borne by landlord), (5) explanation of important matters by licensed broker — always check the special clauses.\n::\n"]