[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"news:ai-houritsu":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":67},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"image":13,"tags":14,"vocabulary":17},"news","news-ai-houritsu","ai-houritsu","日本のAI規制法 — 推進法案とリスクベース手法","Japan's AI Regulation Law — The Promotion Bill and a Risk-Based Approach","tech-business","Japan is taking a noticeably different path on AI regulation from the EU. This article walks through the AI Promotion Bill (AI推進法), the soft-law guidelines from METI, MIC, and the Cabinet Office, the AI Business Operator Guidelines, and the PPC's recent AI guidance updates.\n","2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fnews-ai-houritsu.png",[15,16],"ai","regulation",[18,22,26,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63],{"word":19,"reading":20,"meaning":16,"level":21},"規制","きせい","N2",{"word":23,"reading":24,"meaning":25,"level":21},"推進","すいしん","promotion",{"word":27,"reading":28,"meaning":29,"level":30},"法案","ほうあん","bill","N1",{"word":32,"reading":33,"meaning":34,"level":21},"手法","しゅほう","method",{"word":36,"reading":37,"meaning":38,"level":30},"指針","ししん","guideline",{"word":40,"reading":41,"meaning":42,"level":21},"義務","ぎむ","duty",{"word":44,"reading":45,"meaning":46,"level":30},"罰則","ばっそく","penalty provision",{"word":48,"reading":49,"meaning":50,"level":21},"違反","いはん","violation",{"word":52,"reading":53,"meaning":54,"level":21},"透明性","とうめいせい","transparency",{"word":56,"reading":57,"meaning":58,"level":30},"説明責任","せつめいせきにん","accountability",{"word":60,"reading":61,"meaning":62,"level":30},"整合性","せいごうせい","consistency",{"word":64,"reading":65,"meaning":66,"level":21},"適用","てきよう","application","\n::para\n[AI]{えーあい:AI}の[急速]{きゅうそく:rapid:N3}な[普及]{ふきゅう:spread:N1}に[伴い]{ともない:along with:N1}、[各国]{かっこく:various countries:N2}が[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}の[枠組み]{わくぐみ:framework:N1}を[整備]{せいび:put in place:N1}しています。EUは[包括的]{ほうかつてき:comprehensive:N1}な「AI Act」を[制定]{せいてい:enacted:N3}しましたが、[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}は[異なる]{ことなる:different:N1}アプローチを[取って]{とって:taking:N3}いるとされます。[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}では、[公表]{こうひょう:publicly available:N3}されている[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}を[基に]{もとに:based on:N1}、[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}のAI[政策]{せいさく:policy:N1}の[現状]{げんじょう:current state:N3}を[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}します。\n\n#en\nWith the rapid spread of AI, countries around the world are putting regulatory frameworks in place. The EU enacted the comprehensive \"AI Act,\" but Japan is said to be taking a different approach. Based on publicly available information, this article organizes the current state of Japan's AI policy.\n::\n\n::heading\nAI[推進法案]{すいしんほうあん:Promotion Bill:N1}の[動向]{どうこう:trends:N3}\n\n#en\nTrends in the AI Promotion Bill\n::\n\n::para\n[政府]{せいふ:government:N2}は2024[年]{ねん:year:N5}から2025[年]{ねん:year:N5}にかけて、[いわゆる]{いわゆる:so-called}「AI[推進法]{すいしんほう:Promotion Law:N1}」と[呼ばれる]{よばれる:called:N3}[新しい]{あたらしい:new:N4}[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}の[検討]{けんとう:consideration:N1}を[進めて]{すすめて:advancing:N3}きました。[国会]{こっかい:Diet, parliament:N4}での[審議]{しんぎ:deliberation:N1}[状況]{じょうきょう:status:N2}は[流動的]{りゅうどうてき:fluid:N3}ですが、[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}[理念]{りねん:principles:N3}としては、AI[開発]{かいはつ:development:N4}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}を[妨げない]{さまたげない:not impede:N1}ことを[重視]{じゅうし:emphasize:N1}しつつ、[一定]{いってい:certain:N3}の[透明性]{とうめいせい:transparency:N1}や[説明]{せつめい:explanation:N3}[責任]{せきにん:responsibility:N3}を[求める]{もとめる:require:N3}[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}になると[伝えられて]{つたえられて:reported:N3}います。\n\n#en\nFrom 2024 into 2025, the government has been advancing consideration of a new law commonly called the \"AI Promotion Law.\" The status of Diet deliberations is fluid, but as for basic principles, the content is reported to emphasize not impeding AI development and use, while still requiring a certain level of transparency and accountability.\n::\n\n::heading\nリスクベースアプローチの[違い]{ちがい:differences:N3}\n\n#en\nDifferences in the Risk-Based Approach\n::\n\n::para\nEU AI ActもAIシステムを[リスク]{りすく:risk}[レベル]{れべる:level}に[応じて]{おうじて:according to:N1}[分類]{ぶんるい:classify:N3}する[手法]{しゅほう:approach:N3}を[取って]{とって:taking:N3}いますが、[禁止]{きんし:prohibited:N2}カテゴリーや「[ハイリスク]{はいりすく:high-risk}AI」に[厳格]{げんかく:strict:N1}な[義務]{ぎむ:obligations:N1}を[課し]{かし:imposing:N2}、[違反]{いはん:violation:N3}には[高額]{こうがく:large amount:N2}の[罰則]{ばっそく:penalties:N1}を[設けて]{もうけて:setting up:N2}いる[点]{てん:point:N3}が[特徴]{とくちょう:characteristic:N1}です。これに[対して]{たいして:in contrast to:N3}[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}は、[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}として[業界]{ぎょうかい:industry:N4}[ガイドライン]{がいどらいん:guidelines}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}とする[ソフトロー]{そふとろー:soft law}[アプローチ]{あぷろーち:approach}を[基本]{きほん:basic:N1}とし、[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}に[応じて]{おうじて:in response to:N1}[既存]{きそん:existing:N1}[法令]{ほうれい:laws and ordinances:N2}を[適用]{てきよう:apply:N3}するという[姿勢]{しせい:stance:N1}を[取って]{とって:taking:N3}いるとされます。\n\n#en\nThe EU AI Act also takes an approach of classifying AI systems by risk level, but it is characterized by imposing strict obligations on prohibited categories and \"high-risk AI\" and setting large penalties for violations. In contrast, Japan is said to take a stance based fundamentally on a soft-law approach centered on industry guidelines, applying existing laws and ordinances as needed.\n::\n\n::callout\n[産業界]{さんぎょうかい:industry:N3}の[競争]{きょうそう:competitive:N2}[力]{りょく:power:N4}を[損なわない]{そこなわない:not undermine:N2}ことと、[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}の[権利]{けんり:rights:N3}や[安全]{あんぜん:safety:N3}を[守る]{まもる:protect:N3}ことの[バランス]{ばらんす:balance}をどう[取る]{とる:take:N3}かが、[政策]{せいさく:policy:N1}[議論]{ぎろん:discussion:N3}の[焦点]{しょうてん:focal point:N1}となっています。\n\n#en\nHow to balance not undermining industrial competitiveness against protecting individual rights and safety has become the focal point of policy discussion.\n::\n\n::heading\n[省庁]{しょうちょう:ministries and agencies:N2}[横断]{おうだん:cross-cutting:N3}の[ガイドライン]{がいどらいん:guidelines}\n\n#en\nCross-Ministry Guidelines\n::\n\n::para\n[経済]{けいざい:economy:N3}[産業省]{さんぎょうしょう:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI):N2}、[総務省]{そうむしょう:Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC):N2}、[内閣府]{ないかくふ:Cabinet Office:N1}は[共同]{きょうどう:jointly:N3}で「AI[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}[ガイドライン]{がいどらいん:Guidelines}」を[策定]{さくてい:formulate:N1}し、[随時]{ずいじ:as needed:N1}[改訂]{かいてい:revise:N1}を[行って]{おこなって:carrying out:N5}います。このガイドラインは、AIを[開発]{かいはつ:develop:N4}する[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}、[提供]{ていきょう:provide:N1}する[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}する[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}という[三つ]{みっつ:three:N5}の[立場]{たちば:positions:N4}に[分けて]{わけて:divided:N5}、それぞれが[配慮]{はいりょ:consider:N1}すべき[項目]{こうもく:items:N1}を[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}しているとされます。\n\n#en\nMETI, MIC, and the Cabinet Office have jointly formulated the \"AI Business Operator Guidelines\" and revise them as needed. These guidelines reportedly organize the items that each party should consider, divided across three positions: business operators that develop AI, those that provide it, and those that use it.\n::\n\n::heading\n[個人]{こじん:personal:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}[委員会]{いいんかい:Commission:N2}のAI[指針]{ししん:guidance:N2}\n\n#en\nThe Personal Information Protection Commission's AI Guidance\n::\n\n::para\n[個人]{こじん:personal:N2}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}[委員会]{いいんかい:Commission, \"PPC\":N2}（PPC）も、AIに[関連]{かんれん:related:N3}した[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}の[取扱い]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}について、[追加]{ついか:additional:N3}の[指針]{ししん:guidance:N2}や[Q&A]{きゅーあんどえー:Q&A}を[公表]{こうひょう:publishing:N3}しています。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}、[生成]{せいせい:generative:N3}AIに[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[入力]{にゅうりょく:input:N4}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}が[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}に[当たる]{あたる:constitutes:N3}かどうか、[学習]{がくしゅう:training:N4}データに[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}が[含まれる]{ふくまれる:contained:N2}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}の[扱い]{あつかい:treatment:N1}など、[実務]{じつむ:practical:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}に[迷い]{まよい:uncertainty:N3}が[生じやすい]{しょうじやすい:tend to arise:N5}[論点]{ろんてん:points of discussion:N3}が[整理]{せいり:organized:N1}されています。\n\n#en\nThe Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) is also publishing additional guidance and Q&A on the handling of personal information related to AI. In particular, points of discussion that tend to cause practical uncertainty have been organized — such as whether the act of inputting personal information into a generative AI constitutes provision to a third party, and how to treat cases where training data contains personal information.\n::\n\n::heading\n[国際的]{こくさいてき:international:N3}な[整合性]{せいごうせい:consistency:N1}\n\n#en\nInternational Consistency\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}は[広島]{ひろしま:Hiroshima:N2}AIプロセスを[主導]{しゅどう:led:N2}するなど、[国際]{こくさい:international:N3}[協調]{きょうちょう:cooperation:N2}にも[力]{ちから:effort:N4}を[入れて]{いれて:putting in:N5}きました。[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}[側]{がわ:side:N3}の[視点]{してん:viewpoint:N1}では、[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}と[海外]{かいがい:overseas:N4}の[規制]{きせい:regulation:N3}の[両方]{りょうほう:both:N3}に[整合]{せいごう:consistent:N1}する[ガバナンス]{がばなんす:governance}[体制]{たいせい:framework:N3}を[構築]{こうちく:build:N2}する[必要]{ひつよう:need:N3}があり、[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}EU[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}に[製品]{せいひん:products:N1}を[展開]{てんかい:expand:N1}する[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}は、AI Actの[影響]{えいきょう:impact:N1}を[受けやすい]{うけやすい:tend to receive:N3}と[考えられます]{かんがえられます:is thought:N4}。[今後]{こんご:going forward:N5}の[政策]{せいさく:policy:N1}[動向]{どうこう:trends:N3}は[継続的]{けいぞくてき:continuously:N1}に[注視]{ちゅうし:closely watching:N1}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}です。\n\n#en\nJapan has also put effort into international cooperation, leading initiatives such as the Hiroshima AI Process. From the company side, there is a need to build a governance framework consistent with both Japanese and overseas regulations, and companies that expand products to the EU market in particular are thought to be especially exposed to the impact of the AI Act. Continued close watching of policy trends going forward is necessary.\n::\n"]