[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"news:world-us-china-trade":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":66},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"summary":11,"publishedAt":12,"tags":13,"vocabulary":15},"news","news-world-us-china-trade","world-us-china-trade","米中貿易摩擦 2026年現在 — 関税合戦と日本企業への影響","US-China Trade Friction in 2026 — The Tariff Battle and Its Impact on Japanese Firms","world-politics","As of 2026, US-China trade friction has shifted from broad tariffs to targeted tech controls. This article walks through the current state of mutual tariffs, semiconductor and rare-earth export controls, and the secondary impact on Japanese firms — particularly in supply chains, \"China-plus-one\" relocation, and the de-risking debate.\n","2026-04-12T00:00:00Z",[14],"trade",[16,21,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62],{"word":17,"reading":18,"meaning":19,"level":20},"摩擦","まさつ","friction","N1",{"word":22,"reading":23,"meaning":24,"level":25},"関税","かんぜい","tariff","N2",{"word":27,"reading":28,"meaning":14,"level":29},"貿易","ぼうえき","N3",{"word":31,"reading":32,"meaning":33,"level":20},"報復","ほうふく","retaliation",{"word":35,"reading":36,"meaning":37,"level":29},"輸出","ゆしゅつ","export",{"word":39,"reading":40,"meaning":41,"level":29},"輸入","ゆにゅう","import",{"word":43,"reading":44,"meaning":45,"level":20},"半導体","はんどうたい","semiconductor",{"word":47,"reading":48,"meaning":49,"level":25},"規制","きせい","regulation",{"word":51,"reading":52,"meaning":53,"level":20},"供給網","きょうきゅうもう","supply chain",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":25},"拠点","きょてん","base of operations",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":25},"分散","ぶんさん","dispersion",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":25},"対立","たいりつ","confrontation","\n::para\n[米国]{べいこく:United States:N3}と[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}の[貿易]{ぼうえき:trade:N2}[摩擦]{まさつ:friction:N1}は、2018[年頃]{ねんごろ:around:N2}に[本格化]{ほんかくか:moved into full swing:N3}してから[長期化]{ちょうきか:prolonged:N3}しているとされ、2026[年]{ねん:year:N5}[現在]{げんざい:currently:N3}も[両国]{りょうこく:both countries:N3}の[対立]{たいりつ:confrontation:N3}は[続いて]{つづいて:continuing:N3}いると[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}います。[本記事]{ほんきじ:this article:N3}では、[公開]{こうかい:public:N4}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}を[基に]{もとに:based on:N1}、[現状]{げんじょう:current state:N3}の[論点]{ろんてん:points of discussion:N3}と[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}への[影響]{えいきょう:impact:N1}を[整理]{せいり:organize:N1}します。\n\n#en\nUS-China trade friction is said to have moved into full swing around 2018 and has become prolonged, and as of 2026 the confrontation between the two countries is reportedly still continuing. Based on publicly available information, this article organizes the current points of discussion and the impact on Japanese firms.\n::\n\n::heading\n[相互]{そうご:mutual:N3}[関税]{かんぜい:tariff:N2}の[現状]{げんじょう:current state:N3}\n\n#en\nThe Current State of Mutual Tariffs\n::\n\n::para\n[米国]{べいこく:United States:N3}は[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}[製品]{せいひん:products:N1}に[対]{たい:on:N3}し[広範]{こうはん:broad:N1}な[追加]{ついか:additional:N3}[関税]{かんぜい:tariff:N2}を[維持]{いじ:maintaining:N1}しているとされ、[電気]{でんき:electric:N5}[自動車]{じどうしゃ:vehicle:N4}や[太陽光]{たいようこう:solar:N3}[パネル]{ぱねる:panel}、[蓄電池]{ちくでんち:storage battery:N1}などの[分野]{ぶんや:field:N4}では[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[高い]{たかい:high:N5}[税率]{ぜいりつ:tax rate:N1}が[課されて]{かされて:imposed:N2}いると[伝えられて]{つたえられて:reported:N3}います。[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}[側]{がわ:side:N3}も[米国]{べいこく:United States:N3}[産]{さん:produced:N3}の[農産物]{のうさんぶつ:agricultural products:N2}や[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[工業]{こうぎょう:industrial:N4}[製品]{せいひん:products:N1}に[報復]{ほうふく:retaliatory:N2}[関税]{かんぜい:tariff:N2}を[掛けて]{かけて:imposing:N3}おり、[両国]{りょうこく:both countries:N3}の[応酬]{おうしゅう:exchange:N1}は[終息]{しゅうそく:end:N3}が[見えない]{みえない:not in sight:N5}[状況]{じょうきょう:situation:N2}と[見られて]{みられて:are seen:N5}います。\n\n#en\nThe United States is said to be maintaining broad additional tariffs on Chinese products, with especially high rates reportedly imposed in fields such as electric vehicles, solar panels, and storage batteries. China is also imposing retaliatory tariffs on US agricultural products and some industrial goods, and the back-and-forth between the two is seen as a situation with no end in sight.\n::\n\n::heading\n[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[規制]{きせい:control:N3}\n\n#en\nSemiconductor Export Controls\n::\n\n::para\n[近年]{きんねん:recent years:N4}の[争点]{そうてん:point of contention:N3}の[中心]{ちゅうしん:center:N4}は[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}とされます。[米国]{べいこく:United States:N3}は[先端]{せんたん:advanced:N1}[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}や[製造]{せいぞう:manufacturing:N1}[装置]{そうち:equipment:N2}の[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}[向け]{むけ:to:N3}[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}を[段階的]{だんかいてき:in phases:N2}に[制限]{せいげん:restricting:N3}してきており、[同盟]{どうめい:allied:N1}[国]{こく:countries:N5}にも[同様]{どうよう:similar:N3}の[措置]{そち:measures:N1}を[呼びかけて]{よびかけて:calling on:N3}いると[されて]{されて:said to be}います。[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}と[オランダ]{おらんだ:Netherlands}も[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}[品目]{ひんもく:items:N4}について[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[管理]{かんり:control:N2}を[強化]{きょうか:strengthened:N3}したと[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}おり、[グローバル]{ぐろーばる:global}な[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}[供給網]{きょうきゅうもう:supply chain:N1}が[再編]{さいへん:reorganization:N2}を[迫られて]{せまられて:being forced:N1}いると[見られて]{みられて:are seen:N5}います。\n\n#en\nThe center of the recent point of contention is said to be semiconductors. The US has been restricting exports of advanced semiconductors and manufacturing equipment to China in phases, and is said to be calling on allied countries to take similar measures. Japan and the Netherlands have reportedly also strengthened export controls on some items, and the global semiconductor supply chain is seen as being forced to reorganize.\n::\n\n::callout\n[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}も[ガリウム]{がりうむ:gallium}や[ゲルマニウム]{げるまにうむ:germanium}など[戦略]{せんりゃく:strategic:N2}[物資]{ぶっし:materials:N3}の[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[管理]{かんり:control:N2}を[強めて]{つよめて:strengthening:N4}おり、[レアアース]{れああーす:rare earth}[供給]{きょうきゅう:supply:N3}を[巡る]{めぐる:concerning:N1}[緊張]{きんちょう:tensions:N1}も[継続]{けいぞく:continuing:N1}していると[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}います。\n\n#en\nChina is also strengthening export controls on strategic materials such as gallium and germanium, and tensions over rare earth supply are reportedly continuing.\n::\n\n::heading\n[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[企業]{きぎょう:firms:N1}への[直接]{ちょくせつ:direct:N2}[影響]{えいきょう:impact:N1}\n\n#en\nDirect Impact on Japanese Firms\n::\n\n::para\n[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}は[製造業]{せいぞうぎょう:manufacturing industry:N1}を[中心]{ちゅうしん:centered on:N4}に[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}に[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[生産]{せいさん:production:N3}[拠点]{きょてん:bases:N1}を[持って]{もって:hold:N4}おり、[米中]{べいちゅう:US-China:N3}[摩擦]{まさつ:friction:N1}の[影響]{えいきょう:impact:N1}を[直接]{ちょくせつ:directly:N2}[受けやすい]{うけやすい:tend to receive:N3}[立場]{たちば:position:N4}にあるとされます。[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}[製造]{せいぞう:manufacturing:N1}[装置]{そうち:equipment:N2}や[素材]{そざい:materials:N1}の[分野]{ぶんや:field:N4}では、[米国]{べいこく:US:N3}の[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[管理]{かんり:control:N2}に[沿った]{そった:in line with:N1}[対応]{たいおう:response:N1}を[迫られる]{せまられる:forced into:N1}[ケース]{けーす:cases}が[増えて]{ふえて:increasing:N3}いると[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}います。\n\n#en\nJapanese firms — centered on manufacturing — hold many production bases in China and are said to be in a position where they tend to be directly affected by US-China friction. In semiconductor manufacturing equipment and materials in particular, cases of being forced into responses in line with US export controls are reportedly increasing.\n::\n\n::heading\n[供給網]{きょうきゅうもう:supply chain:N1}の[再編]{さいへん:reorganization:N2}と「[チャイナ・プラスワン]{ちゃいなぷらすわん:China-plus-one}」\n\n#en\nSupply Chain Reorganization and \"China-Plus-One\"\n::\n\n::para\n[地政]{ちせい:geopolitical:N3}[学的]{がくてき:in nature:N4}リスクの[高まり]{たかまり:rise:N5}を[受けて]{うけて:in response to:N3}、[多く]{おおく:many:N4}の[日本]{にほん:Japanese:N5}[企業]{きぎょう:firm:N1}が[生産]{せいさん:production:N3}[拠点]{きょてん:base:N1}の[一部]{いちぶ:some:N3}を[ベトナム]{べとなむ:Vietnam}や[インド]{いんど:India}、[メキシコ]{めきしこ:Mexico}などに[移転]{いてん:relocate:N2}・[分散]{ぶんさん:diversify:N3}する「[チャイナ・プラスワン]{ちゃいなぷらすわん:China-plus-one}」[戦略]{せんりゃく:strategy:N2}を[進めて]{すすめて:advancing:N3}いるとされます。ただし、[中国]{ちゅうごく:China:N5}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}そのものの[規模]{きぼ:scale:N1}は[依然]{いぜん:still:N2}[大きく]{おおきく:large:N5}、[完全]{かんぜん:fully:N3}[撤退]{てったい:withdraw:N1}は[現実的]{げんじつてき:realistic:N3}でないと[見る]{みる:see:N5}[向き]{むき:view:N3}も[多く]{おおく:many:N4}、[現地]{げんち:local:N3}[市場]{しじょう:market:N3}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}[生産]{せいさん:production:N3}は[残し]{のこし:retain:N3}つつ[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[向け]{むけ:for:N3}を[他国]{たこく:other countries:N3}に[移す]{うつす:move:N2}という[使い分け]{つかいわけ:dual use:N4}も[広がって]{ひろがって:spreading:N4}いると[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}います。\n\n#en\nIn response to rising geopolitical risk, many Japanese firms are said to be advancing a \"China-plus-one\" strategy of relocating and diversifying part of their production to Vietnam, India, Mexico, and elsewhere. However, the Chinese market itself remains large in scale, and many take the view that fully withdrawing is not realistic; a dual approach of retaining production for the local Chinese market while moving export-bound production to other countries is reportedly also spreading.\n::\n\n::heading\n「[デリスキング]{でりすきんぐ:de-risking}」と[産業]{さんぎょう:industrial:N3}[政策]{せいさく:policy:N1}\n\n#en\n\"De-risking\" and Industrial Policy\n::\n\n::para\n[欧米]{おうべい:US and Europe:N2}では「[デカップリング]{でかっぷりんぐ:decoupling}」ではなく「[デリスキング]{でりすきんぐ:de-risking}」という[表現]{ひょうげん:expression:N3}が[使われる]{つかわれる:used:N4}ようになり、[全面的]{ぜんめんてき:complete:N3}な[切り離し]{きりはなし:separation:N1}ではなく[重要]{じゅうよう:critical:N3}[分野]{ぶんや:field:N4}での[依存]{いぞん:dependence:N2}を[減らす]{へらす:reduce:N2}という[考え方]{かんがえかた:way of thinking:N4}が[広がって]{ひろがって:spreading:N4}いるとされます。[日本]{にほん:Japan:N5}も[経済]{けいざい:economic:N3}[安全]{あんぜん:security:N3}[保障]{ほしょう:guarantee:N1}[推進]{すいしん:promotion:N1}[法]{ほう:law:N3}に[基づき]{もとづき:based on:N1}、[半導体]{はんどうたい:semiconductor:N2}や[電池]{でんち:battery:N2}などの[国内]{こくない:domestic:N3}[生産]{せいさん:production:N3}を[支援]{しえん:support:N1}する[補助金]{ほじょきん:subsidy:N2}[政策]{せいさく:policy:N1}を[進めて]{すすめて:advancing:N3}いると[報じられて]{ほうじられて:reported:N3}います。\n\n#en\nIn the US and Europe, the term \"de-risking\" rather than \"decoupling\" has come to be used, and the way of thinking — not full separation but reducing dependence in critical fields — is said to be spreading. Japan, too, is reportedly advancing subsidy policies to support domestic production of semiconductors, batteries, and similar goods, based on the Economic Security Promotion Act.\n::\n\n::heading\n[今後]{こんご:going forward:N5}の[展望]{てんぼう:outlook:N1}\n\n#en\nThe Outlook Going Forward\n::\n\n::para\n[米中]{べいちゅう:US-China:N3}[関係]{かんけい:relations:N3}の[行方]{ゆくえ:direction:N4}は[両国]{りょうこく:both countries:N3}の[政権]{せいけん:administration:N3}の[姿勢]{しせい:stance:N1}に[大きく]{おおきく:greatly:N5}[左右]{さゆう:depend on:N5}されると[見られて]{みられて:seen:N5}おり、[短期間]{たんきかん:short term:N2}での[抜本的]{ばっぽんてき:fundamental:N3}な[改善]{かいぜん:improvement:N1}は[難しい]{むずかしい:difficult:N3}と[考えられて]{かんがえられて:thought:N4}います。[企業]{きぎょう:company:N1}[側]{がわ:side:N3}は[シナリオ]{しなりお:scenario}[別]{べつ:by:N4}の[備え]{そなえ:preparation:N3}を[強める]{つよめる:strengthening:N4}とともに、[輸出]{ゆしゅつ:export:N2}[管理]{かんり:control:N2}や[制裁]{せいさい:sanctions:N1}[リスト]{りすと:list}の[最新]{さいしん:latest:N3}[動向]{どうこう:trends:N3}を[継続的]{けいぞくてき:continuously:N1}に[把握]{はあく:grasp:N1}する[体制]{たいせい:system:N3}が[求められて]{もとめられて:required:N3}いると[されて]{されて:said to be}います。\n\n#en\nThe direction of US-China relations is seen as greatly dependent on the stance of each country's administration, and a fundamental improvement in the short term is thought to be difficult. Firms are said to be required to strengthen scenario-based preparation and to put in place systems to continuously grasp the latest trends in export controls and sanctions lists.\n::\n"]