[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:riyou-mokuteki":3},{"meta":4,"markdown":441,"quiz":442},{"type":5,"articleId":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"titleEn":9,"category":10,"order":11,"seriesLabel":12,"summary":13,"publishedAt":14,"image":15,"tags":16,"vocabulary":22,"quizId":437,"source":438},"article","kjh-k1-h03-riyou-mokuteki","riyou-mokuteki","課題Ⅰ 第３編① 利用目的の特定・変更と利用目的による制限、不適正な利用の禁止","Specifying\u002FChanging Purpose of Use, Restrictions by Purpose, and Prohibition of Improper Use","kojin-joho-hogo\u002Fkadai-1",1031,"課題Ⅰ 第３編①","Comprehensive coverage of Articles 17-19 of the APPI: specifying the purpose of use with the \"as much as possible\" standard (with good\u002Fbad examples from guidelines), changing the purpose within the \"reasonably related\" scope (relaxed from \"considerable relevance\" by the 2015 amendment), restrictions on use beyond the stated purpose with all 5 exception categories (including the 2020 academic research addition), the definition and requirements of valid consent, business succession rules, and the 2020 newly-established prohibition on improper use even within stated purposes.","2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fkjh-k1-h03-riyou-mokuteki.png",[17,18,19,20,21],"exam:個人情報保護士","topic:利用目的","law:法17条","law:法18条","law:法19条",[23,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,101,105,109,113,117,121,125,129,133,137,141,145,149,153,157,161,165,169,173,177,181,185,189,193,197,201,205,209,213,217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,293,297,301,305,309,313,317,321,325,329,333,337,341,345,349,353,357,361,365,369,373,377,381,385,389,393,397,401,405,409,413,417,421,425,429,433],{"word":24,"reading":25,"meaning":26,"level":27},"利用目的","りようもくてき","purpose of use","N2",{"word":29,"reading":30,"meaning":31,"level":27},"特定","とくてい","specification, identifying",{"word":33,"reading":34,"meaning":35,"level":27},"個人情報","こじんじょうほう","personal information",{"word":37,"reading":38,"meaning":39,"level":27},"保護法","ほごほう","protection law",{"word":41,"reading":42,"meaning":43,"level":27},"取扱","とりあつかい","handling, treatment",{"word":45,"reading":46,"meaning":47,"level":27},"事業者","じぎょうしゃ","business operator",{"word":49,"reading":50,"meaning":51,"level":27},"本人","ほんにん","the person in question",{"word":53,"reading":54,"meaning":55,"level":27},"合理的","ごうりてき","reasonable, rational",{"word":57,"reading":58,"meaning":59,"level":27},"具体的","ぐたいてき","specific, concrete",{"word":61,"reading":62,"meaning":63,"level":27},"変更","へんこう","change, modification",{"word":65,"reading":66,"meaning":67,"level":27},"関連性","かんれんせい","relevance, relatedness",{"word":69,"reading":70,"meaning":71,"level":27},"範囲","はんい","scope, range",{"word":73,"reading":74,"meaning":75,"level":27},"同意","どうい","consent, agreement",{"word":77,"reading":78,"meaning":79,"level":27},"通知","つうち","notification, notice",{"word":81,"reading":82,"meaning":83,"level":27},"公表","こうひょう","public announcement",{"word":85,"reading":86,"meaning":87,"level":27},"第三者","だいさんしゃ","third party",{"word":89,"reading":90,"meaning":91,"level":27},"達成","たっせい","achievement, attainment",{"word":93,"reading":94,"meaning":95,"level":27},"規定","きてい","regulation, provision",{"word":97,"reading":98,"meaning":99,"level":100},"目的外","もくてきがい","outside the purpose","N1",{"word":102,"reading":103,"meaning":104,"level":27},"禁止","きんし","prohibition",{"word":106,"reading":107,"meaning":108,"level":27},"例外","れいがい","exception",{"word":110,"reading":111,"meaning":112,"level":100},"法令","ほうれい","laws and regulations",{"word":114,"reading":115,"meaning":116,"level":100},"令状","れいじょう","warrant",{"word":118,"reading":119,"meaning":120,"level":27},"捜査","そうさ","investigation",{"word":122,"reading":123,"meaning":124,"level":27},"生命","せいめい","life",{"word":126,"reading":127,"meaning":128,"level":27},"財産","ざいさん","property, assets",{"word":130,"reading":131,"meaning":132,"level":27},"災害","さいがい","disaster",{"word":134,"reading":135,"meaning":136,"level":100},"安否","あんぴ","safety, well-being",{"word":138,"reading":139,"meaning":140,"level":100},"公衆衛生","こうしゅうえいせい","public health",{"word":142,"reading":143,"meaning":144,"level":27},"児童","じどう","children",{"word":146,"reading":147,"meaning":148,"level":27},"育成","いくせい","upbringing, development",{"word":150,"reading":151,"meaning":152,"level":100},"不適正","ふてきせい","improper, inappropriate",{"word":154,"reading":155,"meaning":156,"level":27},"違法","いほう","illegal, unlawful",{"word":158,"reading":159,"meaning":160,"level":27},"不当","ふとう","unfair, unjust",{"word":162,"reading":163,"meaning":164,"level":100},"助長","じょちょう","promotion, encouragement",{"word":166,"reading":167,"meaning":168,"level":100},"誘発","ゆうはつ","inducement, triggering",{"word":170,"reading":171,"meaning":172,"level":27},"改正","かいせい","amendment, revision",{"word":174,"reading":175,"meaning":176,"level":100},"条文","じょうぶん","article, provision (text)",{"word":178,"reading":179,"meaning":180,"level":100},"破産者","はさんしゃ","bankrupt person",{"word":182,"reading":183,"meaning":184,"level":100},"集約","しゅうやく","consolidation, aggregation",{"word":186,"reading":187,"meaning":188,"level":27},"差別的","さべつてき","discriminatory",{"word":190,"reading":191,"meaning":192,"level":100},"暴力団","ぼうりょくだん","organized crime group",{"word":194,"reading":195,"meaning":196,"level":27},"該当","がいとう","applicable, corresponding",{"word":198,"reading":199,"meaning":200,"level":100},"明記","めいき","clearly stated",{"word":202,"reading":203,"meaning":204,"level":27},"取得","しゅとく","acquisition, obtaining",{"word":206,"reading":207,"meaning":208,"level":27},"従業員","じゅうぎょういん","employee",{"word":210,"reading":211,"meaning":212,"level":100},"周知","しゅうち","dissemination, making known",{"word":214,"reading":215,"meaning":216,"level":27},"点検","てんけん","inspection, checking",{"word":218,"reading":219,"meaning":220,"level":27},"体制","たいせい","system, framework",{"word":222,"reading":223,"meaning":224,"level":27},"研修","けんしゅう","training",{"word":226,"reading":227,"meaning":228,"level":27},"努力","どりょく","effort",{"word":230,"reading":231,"meaning":232,"level":27},"義務","ぎむ","obligation, duty",{"word":234,"reading":235,"meaning":236,"level":100},"通則","つうそく","general rules",{"word":238,"reading":239,"meaning":240,"level":27},"抽象的","ちゅうしょうてき","abstract",{"word":242,"reading":243,"meaning":244,"level":27},"想定","そうてい","assumption, supposition",{"word":246,"reading":247,"meaning":248,"level":100},"漠然","ばくぜん","vague, obscure",{"word":250,"reading":251,"meaning":252,"level":100},"態様","たいよう","mode, manner",{"word":254,"reading":255,"meaning":256,"level":100},"頻出","ひんしゅつ","frequently appearing",{"word":258,"reading":259,"meaning":260,"level":100},"列挙","れっきょ","enumeration, listing",{"word":262,"reading":263,"meaning":264,"level":27},"水準","すいじゅん","level, standard",{"word":266,"reading":267,"meaning":268,"level":27},"緩和","かんわ","relaxation, easing",{"word":270,"reading":271,"meaning":272,"level":100},"厳格","げんかく","strict, rigorous",{"word":274,"reading":275,"meaning":276,"level":27},"要件","ようけん","requirement, condition",{"word":278,"reading":279,"meaning":280,"level":100},"現行法","げんこうほう","current law",{"word":282,"reading":283,"meaning":284,"level":27},"不要","ふよう","unnecessary",{"word":286,"reading":287,"meaning":288,"level":100},"承諾","しょうだく","acceptance, consent",{"word":290,"reading":291,"meaning":292,"level":100},"意思表示","いしひょうじ","declaration of intent",{"word":294,"reading":295,"meaning":296,"level":27},"沈黙","ちんもく","silence",{"word":298,"reading":299,"meaning":300,"level":100},"不作為","ふさくい","inaction, omission",{"word":302,"reading":303,"meaning":304,"level":100},"事由","じゆう","reason, grounds",{"word":306,"reading":307,"meaning":308,"level":100},"所得税法","しょとくぜいほう","Income Tax Act",{"word":310,"reading":311,"meaning":312,"level":100},"源泉徴収","げんせんちょうしゅう","withholding tax",{"word":314,"reading":315,"meaning":316,"level":100},"弁護士会","べんごしかい","bar association",{"word":318,"reading":319,"meaning":320,"level":100},"照会","しょうかい","inquiry, reference",{"word":322,"reading":323,"meaning":324,"level":27},"感染症","かんせんしょう","infectious disease",{"word":326,"reading":327,"meaning":328,"level":100},"疫学","えきがく","epidemiology",{"word":330,"reading":331,"meaning":332,"level":100},"虐待","ぎゃくたい","abuse, maltreatment",{"word":334,"reading":335,"meaning":336,"level":27},"防止","ぼうし","prevention",{"word":338,"reading":339,"meaning":340,"level":100},"委託","いたく","entrustment, outsourcing",{"word":342,"reading":343,"meaning":344,"level":100},"遂行","すいこう","execution, performance",{"word":346,"reading":347,"meaning":348,"level":100},"支障","ししょう","obstacle, hindrance",{"word":350,"reading":351,"meaning":352,"level":100},"税務","ぜいむ","tax affairs",{"word":354,"reading":355,"meaning":356,"level":27},"統計","とうけい","statistics",{"word":358,"reading":359,"meaning":360,"level":100},"学術研究","がくじゅつけんきゅう","academic research",{"word":362,"reading":363,"meaning":364,"level":100},"施行","しこう","enforcement, implementation",{"word":366,"reading":367,"meaning":368,"level":27},"適用","てきよう","application (of law)",{"word":370,"reading":371,"meaning":372,"level":100},"除外","じょがい","exclusion, exemption",{"word":374,"reading":375,"meaning":376,"level":100},"事業承継","じぎょうしょうけい","business succession",{"word":378,"reading":379,"meaning":380,"level":27},"合併","がっぺい","merger",{"word":382,"reading":383,"meaning":384,"level":100},"譲渡","じょうと","transfer, assignment",{"word":386,"reading":387,"meaning":388,"level":100},"拘束","こうそく","binding, restriction",{"word":390,"reading":391,"meaning":392,"level":100},"吸収合併","きゅうしゅうがっぺい","absorption merger",{"word":394,"reading":395,"meaning":396,"level":27},"新設","しんせつ","newly established",{"word":398,"reading":399,"meaning":400,"level":27},"背景","はいけい","background",{"word":402,"reading":403,"meaning":404,"level":27},"多様化","たようか","diversification",{"word":406,"reading":407,"meaning":408,"level":100},"相互補完","そうごほかん","mutual complement",{"word":410,"reading":411,"meaning":412,"level":100},"貸付","かしつけ","lending, loan",{"word":414,"reading":415,"meaning":416,"level":27},"所在","しょざい","whereabouts, location",{"word":418,"reading":419,"meaning":420,"level":27},"嫌がらせ","いやがらせ","harassment",{"word":422,"reading":423,"meaning":424,"level":100},"監査","かんさ","audit, inspection",{"word":426,"reading":427,"meaning":428,"level":100},"不可欠","ふかけつ","indispensable, essential",{"word":430,"reading":431,"meaning":432,"level":27},"基盤","きばん","foundation, base",{"word":434,"reading":435,"meaning":436,"level":27},"構築","こうちく","construction, building","kjh-k1-h03-quiz",{"name":439,"url":440},"個人情報保護士試験対策","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.joho-gakushu.or.jp\u002Fpiip\u002F","\n::para\n[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[保護法]{ほごほう:protection law:N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}17[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}1[項]{こう:paragraph, clause:N1}は、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[取扱]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}に[対]{たい:toward:N3}し、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[取り扱う]{とりあつかう:to handle:N1}にあたって、その[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を「できる[限り]{かぎり:limit:N3}[特定]{とくてい:specify:N3}」しなければならないと[定めて]{さだめて:to stipulate:N3}います。ここで[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}なのは、「できる[限り]{かぎり:limit:N3}」とは[努力]{どりょく:effort:N3}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}ではなく、[法的]{ほうてき:legal:N3}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}であるという[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}が、[自分]{じぶん:oneself:N4}の[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}がどのように[利用]{りよう:use:N3}されるかを[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[予想]{よそう:expectation:N3}・[予測]{よそく:prediction:N2}できる[程度]{ていど:degree:N3}に[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specific:N3}でなければなりません。[通則]{つうそく:general rules:N2}[編]{へん:volume:N2}ガイドライン3-1-1では、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[単]{たん:simply:N3}に[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract:N1}・[一般的]{いっぱんてき:general:N2}に[特定]{とくてい:specify:N3}するのではなく、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}が[最終的]{さいしゅうてき:ultimately:N3}にどのような[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}にどのような[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}で[用い]{もちい:to use:N4}られるかが、[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}にとって[一般的]{いっぱんてき:general:N2}かつ[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[想定]{そうてい:assumption:N3}できる[程度]{ていど:degree:N3}に[特定]{とくてい:specify:N3}することを[求めて]{もとめて:to demand:N3}います。\n\n#en\nArticle 17, Paragraph 1 of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information stipulates that business operators handling personal information must \"specify as much as possible\" the purpose of use when handling personal information. Crucially, \"as much as possible\" is not a best-effort obligation but a legal duty. The purpose must be specific enough that the individual can reasonably predict and foresee how their personal information will be used. The General Rules Guidelines (Section 3-1-1) require that the purpose of use not be specified merely in abstract or general terms, but to the degree that the individual can generally and reasonably envision what business and for what purpose their information will ultimately be used.\n::\n\n::heading\n[不十分]{ふじゅうぶん:insufficient:N4}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[例]{れい:example:N3}（[悪い]{わるい:bad:N4}[例]{れい:example:N3}）\n\n#en\nInsufficient Purpose of Use Examples (Bad Examples)\n::\n\n::para\n[不十分]{ふじゅうぶん:insufficient:N4}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[例]{れい:example:N3}として、「[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}[活動]{かつどう:activity:N3}に[用いる]{もちいる:to use:N4}ため」「お[客様]{きゃくさま:customer:N3}サービスの[向上]{こうじょう:improvement:N3}のため」「[営業]{えいぎょう:sales, business:N2}[活動]{かつどう:activity:N3}に[活用]{かつよう:utilization:N3}するため」といった[記述]{きじゅつ:description:N2}は、あまりにも[漠然]{ばくぜん:vague:N1}としており、[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}が[自己]{じこ:self:N1}の[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[態様]{たいよう:mode, manner:N1}を[予測]{よそく:prediction:N2}できないため、[特定]{とくてい:specification:N3}として[不十分]{ふじゅうぶん:insufficient:N4}と[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}されます。これらは[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}でも[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently appearing:N1}する「[悪い]{わるい:bad:N4}[例]{れい:example:N3}」です。\n\n#en\nExamples of insufficient purpose specifications include statements like \"for use in business activities,\" \"for improvement of customer service,\" or \"for utilization in sales activities.\" These are too vague for the individual to predict how their information will be used, and are therefore judged as insufficient specification. These are \"bad examples\" that frequently appear on the exam.\n::\n\n::heading\n[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[例]{れい:example:N3}（[良い]{よい:good:N3}[例]{れい:example:N3}）\n\n#en\nAppropriate Purpose of Use Examples (Good Examples)\n::\n\n::para\n[適切]{てきせつ:appropriate:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[例]{れい:example:N3}としては、「[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}の[発送]{はっそう:shipping:N4}のため」「アフターサービスの[実施]{じっし:implementation:N1}のため」「[新]{しん:new:N4}[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}・[新]{しん:new:N4}サービスに[関する]{かんする:related to:N3}ご[案内]{あんない:information:N1}のため」「[採用]{さいよう:recruitment:N2}[選考]{せんこう:selection:N3}の[連絡]{れんらく:communication:N2}・[管理]{かんり:management:N2}のため」などが[挙げられます]{あげられます:can be cited:N1}。ポイントは、[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}が「ああ、この[会社]{かいしゃ:company:N4}は[自分]{じぶん:oneself:N4}の[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}をこう[使う]{つかう:to use:N4}のだな」と[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specific:N3}に[理解]{りかい:understanding:N3}できる[水準]{すいじゅん:level:N2}であることです。また、[複数]{ふくすう:multiple:N2}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}がある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、それぞれを[個別]{こべつ:individually:N2}に[列挙]{れっきょ:enumeration:N1}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nExamples of appropriate purpose specifications include \"for shipping of products,\" \"for implementation of after-sales service,\" \"for notification regarding new products and services,\" and \"for communication and management of recruitment selection.\" The key point is that the level of specificity must be enough for the individual to concretely understand \"Ah, so this company will use my information in this way.\" Additionally, when there are multiple purposes of use, each must be enumerated individually.\n::\n\n::heading\nガイドラインの[解釈]{かいしゃく:interpretation:N1}（[通則]{つうそく:general rules:N2}[編]{へん:volume:N2}3-1-1）\n\n#en\nGuideline Interpretation (General Rules Section 3-1-1)\n::\n\n::para\n[通則]{つうそく:general rules:N2}[編]{へん:volume:N2}ガイドライン（3-1-1）では、[特定]{とくてい:specification:N3}の[程度]{ていど:degree:N3}についてさらに[詳細]{しょうさい:detailed:N1}な[基準]{きじゅん:standard:N1}を[示して]{しめして:to show:N3}います。[例]{れい:example:N3}えば、[自社]{じしゃ:own company:N4}の[所定]{しょてい:prescribed:N3}の[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}のみを[列挙]{れっきょ:enumeration:N1}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、それだけでは「[特定]{とくてい:specification:N3}した」とは[言えない]{いえない:cannot be said:N4}[可能性]{かのうせい:possibility:N3}があります。[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}の[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[合わせて]{あわせて:together:N3}[記載]{きさい:description:N1}し、どの[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}でどのように[利用]{りよう:use:N3}するのかを[明確]{めいかく:clear:N3}にする[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}があります。また、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}に[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}することが[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}に[含まれる]{ふくまれる:to be included:N2}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、その[旨]{むね:effect, purport:N1}も[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}として[特定]{とくてい:specify:N3}しなければなりません。\n\n#en\nThe General Rules Guidelines (3-1-1) provide further detailed standards regarding the degree of specification. For example, merely listing the company's prescribed business purposes alone may not constitute sufficient \"specification.\" It is necessary to describe the business content together with the purpose of use, clearly indicating how information will be used in which business. Furthermore, if the purpose of use includes providing personal information to third parties, this must also be specified as part of the purpose of use.\n::\n\n::heading\n[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}（[法]{ほう:law:N3}17[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}2[項]{こう:paragraph, clause:N1}）\n\n#en\nChanging the Purpose of Use (Article 17, Paragraph 2)\n::\n\n::para\n[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}する[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[法]{ほう:law:N3}17[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}2[項]{こう:paragraph, clause:N1}により、「[変更前]{へんこうまえ:before change:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}と[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}を[有する]{ゆうする:to have:N4}と[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[認められる]{みとめられる:to be recognized:N3}[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}」[内]{ない:within:N3}でのみ[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}できます。この[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}は2015[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[緩和]{かんわ:relaxation:N1}されました。[改正前]{かいせいまえ:before amendment:N2}は「[相当]{そうとう:considerable:N3}の[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}」という、より[厳格]{げんかく:strict:N1}な[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}でしたが、[現行法]{げんこうほう:current law:N3}では「[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}を[有する]{ゆうする:to have:N4}と[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[認められる]{みとめられる:to be recognized:N3}」という[表現]{ひょうげん:expression:N3}に[変わり]{かわり:to change:N3}、[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}[可能]{かのう:possible:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}がやや[広がりました]{ひろがりました:expanded:N4}。\n\n#en\nWhen changing the purpose of use, under Article 17, Paragraph 2, the change can only be made within \"a scope that is reasonably recognized as related to the original purpose of use.\" This provision was relaxed by the 2015 amendment. Before the amendment, the stricter requirement was \"considerable relevance\" (相当の関連性), but the current law uses the expression \"reasonably recognized as related,\" slightly expanding the permissible scope of change.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}のポイント：[変更前]{へんこうまえ:before change:N3}と[変更後]{へんこうご:after change:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}。[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}では、[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specific:N3}な[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}[事例]{じれい:case:N3}を[示して]{しめして:to show:N3}、[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}か[否]{いな:or not:N3}かの[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}を[問う]{とう:to ask:N4}[問題]{もんだい:question:N4}が[頻出]{ひんしゅつ:frequently appearing:N1}します。2015[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で「[相当]{そうとう:considerable:N3}の[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}」から「[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[認められる]{みとめられる:to be recognized:N3}[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}」に[緩和]{かんわ:relaxation:N1}された[経緯]{けいい:background:N1}も[出題]{しゅつだい:to be asked on exam:N4}[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}です。\n\n#en\nExam Point: Relevance between the before-change and after-change purposes of use. The exam frequently presents specific change scenarios and asks you to judge whether the change is within the reasonable scope. The background of the 2015 amendment relaxing the standard from \"considerable relevance\" to \"reasonably recognized relevance\" is also a target for exam questions.\n::\n\n::para\n[具体]{ぐたい:concrete:N3}[例]{れい:example:N3}で[考える]{かんがえる:to think:N4}と、「[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}の[発送]{はっそう:shipping:N4}」という[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を「[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}の[発送]{はっそう:shipping:N4}および[関連]{かんれん:related:N3}[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}のご[案内]{あんない:information:N1}」に[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}することは、[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}に[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}が[認められる]{みとめられる:to be recognized:N3}と[考えられます]{かんがえられます:can be considered:N4}。しかし、「[商品]{しょうひん:product:N3}の[発送]{はっそう:shipping:N4}」を「[第三者]{だいさんしゃ:third party:N1}への[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}データの[販売]{はんばい:sale:N2}」に[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}することは、[全]{まった:completely:N3}く[異なる]{ことなる:different:N1}[性質]{せいしつ:nature:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}であり、[認められません]{みとめられません:not permitted:N3}。[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}では、[変更前]{へんこうまえ:before change:N3}と[変更後]{へんこうご:after change:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[比較]{ひかく:comparison:N1}させて、[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}か[否]{いな:or not:N3}かを[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}させる[問題]{もんだい:question:N4}が[出題]{しゅつだい:to be asked on exam:N4}されます。\n\n#en\nTo illustrate with a concrete example, changing \"shipping of products\" to \"shipping of products and notification of related products\" can be considered reasonably related. However, changing \"shipping of products\" to \"sale of personal data to third parties\" is a completely different nature of use and is not permitted. On the exam, questions are posed that compare the before and after purposes of use and require you to judge whether the change is within a reasonable scope.\n::\n\n::para\n[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[法]{ほう:law:N3}21[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}3[項]{こう:paragraph, clause:N1}により、[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}された[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}について[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}に[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}するか、または[公表]{こうひょう:public announcement:N3}しなければなりません。[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}すべきは、[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}にあたって[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}は[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary:N3}であるという[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}の[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}であれば、[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}・[公表]{こうひょう:public announcement:N3}のみで[足り]{たり:to suffice:N4}、[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}[取得]{しゅとく:obtaining:N3}の[手続き]{てつづき:procedure:N3}は[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}ありません。ただし、[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable:N3}[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance:N3}を[超える]{こえる:to exceed:N2}[変更]{へんこう:change:N3}をしたい[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[改めて]{あらためて:anew:N2}[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nWhen the purpose of use is changed, under Article 21, Paragraph 3, the changed purpose must be notified to the individual or publicly announced. An important point to note is that consent of the individual is NOT required for the change. As long as the change is within the scope of reasonable relevance, notification or public announcement alone suffices, and consent-obtaining procedures are unnecessary. However, if you wish to make a change that exceeds reasonable relevance, you must obtain the individual's consent anew.\n::\n\n::heading\n[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}による[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}（[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}）\n\n#en\nRestrictions Based on Purpose of Use (Article 18)\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}は、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[取扱]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}が、あらかじめ[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得]{え:to obtain:N3}ないで、[特定]{とくてい:specified:N3}された[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[達成]{たっせい:achievement:N3}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}な[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}を[超えて]{こえて:exceeding:N2}[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[取り扱って]{とりあつかって:to handle:N1}はならないと[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}しています。これがいわゆる「[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside the purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}」です。[重要]{じゅうよう:important:N3}なのは「あらかじめ」という[文言]{もんごん:wording:N4}で、[事前]{じぜん:in advance:N4}に[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得て]{えて:to obtain:N3}おかなければならず、[事後]{じご:after the fact:N4}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}では[原則]{げんそく:in principle:N2}として[足りません]{たりません:insufficient:N4}。\n\n#en\nArticle 18 provides that a business operator handling personal information must not handle personal information beyond the scope necessary to achieve the specified purpose of use without obtaining the prior consent of the individual. This is the so-called \"restriction on use outside the purpose.\" Importantly, the wording \"in advance\" (あらかじめ) means consent must be obtained beforehand — consent obtained after the fact is, in principle, insufficient.\n::\n\n::heading\n[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}の[定義]{ていぎ:definition:N1}と[要件]{ようけん:requirements:N3}\n\n#en\nDefinition and Requirements of Consent\n::\n\n::para\nここで「[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}」の[意味]{いみ:meaning:N4}を[正確]{せいかく:accurate:N3}に[理解]{りかい:understanding:N3}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}があります。[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}とは、[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}が[取扱]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}によって[示された]{しめされた:indicated:N3}[取扱い]{とりあつかい:treatment:N1}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}で[取り扱われる]{とりあつかわれる:to be handled:N1}ことを[承諾]{しょうだく:acceptance:N1}する[旨]{むね:effect, purport:N1}の[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[意思]{いし:will, intention:N4}[表示]{ひょうじ:indication:N3}です。[書面]{しょめん:written document:N3}・[口頭]{こうとう:oral:N3}・[電子的]{でんしてき:electronic:N4}[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}（メール・ウェブフォーム[等]{とう:etc.:N3}）のいずれでもよいとされています。ただし、[単]{たん:simply:N3}なる[沈黙]{ちんもく:silence:N1}や[不作為]{ふさくい:inaction:N1}は[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}とは[認められません]{みとめられません:not recognized:N3}。[例]{れい:example:N3}えば、「[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}しない[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は○[日]{にち:day:N5}までにご[連絡]{れんらく:contact:N2}ください」として[返答]{へんとう:reply:N3}がなかった[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}に[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}とみなすことは[認められません]{みとめられません:not permitted:N3}。\n\n#en\nHere it is necessary to precisely understand the meaning of \"consent.\" Consent is an indication of the individual's will accepting that their personal information will be handled in the manner indicated by the business operator. It can be given in writing, orally, or electronically (email, web form, etc.). However, mere silence or inaction is NOT recognized as consent. For example, sending a notice saying \"Please contact us by X date if you do not consent\" and deeming no reply as consent is not permitted.\n::\n\n::heading\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}[事由]{じゆう:grounds:N3}（[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}1・[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}2）\n\n#en\nArticle 18 Exception Grounds (1st & 2nd)\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}3[項]{こう:paragraph, clause:N1}は、[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}なく[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside the purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}ができる[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}[事由]{じゆう:reason, grounds:N3}を[列挙]{れっきょ:enumeration:N1}しています。[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}1に、[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations:N2}に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}です。[例]{れい:example:N3}えば、[所得税法]{しょとくぜいほう:Income Tax Act:N2}に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[源泉]{げんせん:source:N1}[徴収]{ちょうしゅう:collection:N1}[票]{ひょう:slip, form:N1}の[作成]{さくせい:creation:N3}、[裁判所]{さいばんしょ:court:N1}の[令状]{れいじょう:warrant:N2}による[捜査]{そうさ:investigation:N2}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}への[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}、[弁護士]{べんごし:lawyer:N1}[会]{かい:association:N4}からの[照会]{しょうかい:inquiry:N2}（[弁護士法]{べんごしほう:Attorneys Act:N1}23[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}の2）への[回答]{かいとう:answer:N3}などが[該当]{がいとう:applicable:N1}します。\n\n#en\nArticle 18, Paragraph 3 enumerates exceptions where use beyond the purpose is permitted without consent. First, when based on laws and regulations. For example, creating withholding tax slips based on the Income Tax Act, providing information to investigative authorities under a court warrant, or responding to inquiries from bar associations (Article 23-2 of the Attorneys Act).\n::\n\n::para\n[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}2の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}は、[人]{ひと:person:N5}の[生命]{せいめい:life:N3}、[身体]{しんたい:body:N4}または[財産]{ざいさん:property:N3}の[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}があり、かつ[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}ことが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}です。[典型]{てんけい:typical:N1}[例]{れい:example:N3}は、[災害]{さいがい:disaster:N1}[時]{じ:time:N5}の[安否]{あんぴ:safety:N3}[確認]{かくにん:confirmation:N3}のために[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee:N1}の[緊急]{きんきゅう:emergency:N1}[連絡先]{れんらくさき:contact information:N2}を[家族]{かぞく:family:N4}に[伝える]{つたえる:to convey:N3}ケースです。[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}3の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}は、[公衆]{こうしゅう:public:N1}[衛生]{えいせい:hygiene:N1}の[向上]{こうじょう:improvement:N3}または[児童]{じどう:children:N2}の[健全]{けんぜん:healthy, sound:N1}な[育成]{いくせい:upbringing:N3}の[推進]{すいしん:promotion:N1}に[特に]{とくに:especially:N4}[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}がある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}で、かつ[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}ことが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}な[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}です。[感染症]{かんせんしょう:infectious disease:N1}の[疫学]{えきがく:epidemiology:N1}[調査]{ちょうさ:investigation:N2}や、[児童]{じどう:children:N2}[虐待]{ぎゃくたい:abuse:N1}の[防止]{ぼうし:prevention:N2}のための[関係]{かんけい:related:N3}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}[間]{かん:between:N5}の[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}[共有]{きょうゆう:sharing:N3}が[例]{れい:example:N3}として[挙げられます]{あげられます:can be cited:N1}。\n\n#en\nThe second exception is when necessary for the protection of a person's life, body, or property, and obtaining consent is difficult. A typical example is sharing an employee's emergency contact information with their family for safety confirmation during a disaster. The third exception is when especially necessary for improving public health or promoting the sound upbringing of children, and obtaining consent is difficult. Examples include epidemiological investigations of infectious diseases, and information sharing between relevant institutions for the prevention of child abuse.\n::\n\n::para\n[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}4の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}は、[国]{くに:country:N5}の[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}もしくは[地方]{ちほう:local:N4}[公共]{こうきょう:public:N3}[団体]{だんたい:organization:N2}またはその[委託]{いたく:entrustment:N1}を[受けた]{うけた:received:N3}[者]{もの:person:N4}が[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations:N2}の[定める]{さだめる:to stipulate:N3}[事務]{じむ:clerical work:N3}を[遂行]{すいこう:execution:N1}するのに[協力]{きょうりょく:cooperation:N2}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary:N3}がある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}で、かつ[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}ことでその[事務]{じむ:clerical work:N3}の[遂行]{すいこう:execution:N1}に[支障]{ししょう:obstacle:N1}を[及ぼす]{およぼす:to exert:N1}おそれがある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}です。[例]{れい:example:N3}えば、[税務]{ぜいむ:tax affairs:N2}[調査]{ちょうさ:investigation:N2}への[協力]{きょうりょく:cooperation:N2}や、[統計]{とうけい:statistics:N1}[調査]{ちょうさ:survey:N2}への[回答]{かいとう:answer:N3}などが[該当]{がいとう:applicable:N1}します。[注意]{ちゅうい:caution:N4}すべきは、この[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}には「[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}ことで[事務]{じむ:clerical work:N3}の[遂行]{すいこう:execution:N1}に[支障]{ししょう:obstacle:N1}を[及ぼす]{およぼす:to exert:N1}おそれ」という[追加]{ついか:additional:N3}[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}がある[点]{てん:point:N3}です。\n\n#en\nThe fourth exception is when cooperation is necessary for a national institution, local public body, or their entrusted party to carry out duties prescribed by law, and obtaining consent would risk impeding the execution of those duties. Examples include cooperating with tax investigations and responding to statistical surveys. Note that this exception has the additional requirement that \"obtaining consent would risk impeding the execution of duties.\"\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}のポイント：[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}[事由]{じゆう:grounds:N3}は[全]{ぜん:all:N3}5[類型]{るいけい:types:N2}を[暗記]{あんき:memorization:N3}すること。(1)[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations:N2}に[基づく]{もとづく:based on:N1}[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、(2)[生命]{せいめい:life:N3}・[身体]{しんたい:body:N4}・[財産]{ざいさん:property:N3}の[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}、(3)[公衆]{こうしゅう:public:N1}[衛生]{えいせい:hygiene:N1}・[児童]{じどう:children:N2}の[育成]{いくせい:upbringing:N3}、(4)[国]{くに:country:N5}の[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}への[協力]{きょうりょく:cooperation:N2}、(5)[学術]{がくじゅつ:academic:N3}[研究]{けんきゅう:research:N4}（2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[追加]{ついか:addition:N3}）。[各]{かく:each:N2}[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}には「[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}ことが[困難]{こんなん:difficult:N3}」等の[追加]{ついか:additional:N3}[要件]{ようけん:requirement:N3}があるものとないものがある[点]{てん:point:N3}にも[注意]{ちゅうい:attention:N4}。\n\n#en\nExam Point: Memorize ALL 5 types of Article 18 exceptions. (1) Based on laws\u002Fregulations, (2) Protection of life\u002Fbody\u002Fproperty, (3) Public health \u002F child upbringing, (4) Cooperation with national institutions, (5) Academic research (added by 2020 amendment). Also note that some exceptions have the additional requirement \"consent is difficult to obtain\" while others do not.\n::\n\n::para\n2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}（2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[施行]{しこう:enforcement:N1}）により、[第]{だい:number (ordinal):N1}5の[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}として[学術]{がくじゅつ:academic:N3}[研究]{けんきゅう:research:N4}に[関する]{かんする:related to:N3}[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}が[追加]{ついか:addition:N3}されました。[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specific:N3}には、[学術]{がくじゅつ:academic:N3}[研究]{けんきゅう:research:N4}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}が[学術]{がくじゅつ:academic:N3}[研究]{けんきゅう:research:N4}の[用]{よう:for:N4}に[供する]{きょうする:to provide for:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}で[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[取り扱う]{とりあつかう:to handle:N1}[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}がある[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}です。この[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}は、[従来]{じゅうらい:previously:N1}[学術]{がくじゅつ:academic:N3}[研究]{けんきゅう:research:N4}[機関]{きかん:institution:N3}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}が[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[保護法]{ほごほう:protection law:N1}の[適用]{てきよう:application:N3}を[一部]{いちぶ:partially:N3}[除外]{じょがい:exclusion:N3}されていたものを[見直し]{みなおし:revision:N3}、[個別]{こべつ:individual:N2}の[義務]{ぎむ:obligation:N1}[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}ごとに[例外]{れいがい:exception:N3}を[設ける]{もうける:to establish:N2}[形]{かたち:form:N3}に[整理]{せいり:reorganization:N1}したものです。\n\n#en\nThe 2020 amendment (enforced April 2022) added a fifth exception related to academic research. Specifically, this applies when academic research institutions and similar entities need to handle personal information for the purpose of academic research. This amendment revised the previous arrangement where academic research institutions were partially exempt from the Act, reorganizing it so that exceptions are established for each individual obligation provision.\n::\n\n::heading\n[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}[承継]{しょうけい:succession:N1}と[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}\n\n#en\nBusiness Succession and Purpose of Use Restrictions\n::\n\n::para\n[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}[承継]{しょうけい:succession:N1}（[合併]{がっぺい:merger:N1}・[分社化]{ぶんしゃか:company split:N3}・[事業]{じぎょう:business:N4}[譲渡]{じょうと:transfer:N1}[等]{とう:etc.:N3}）に[伴い]{ともない:accompanying:N1}[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}が[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}される[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、[承継先]{しょうけいさき:successor:N1}の[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は、[承継前]{しょうけいまえ:before succession:N1}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}でのみ[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[利用]{りよう:use:N3}しなければなりません。つまり、A[社]{しゃ:company:N4}がB[社]{しゃ:company:N4}を[吸収]{きゅうしゅう:absorption:N3}[合併]{がっぺい:merger:N1}した[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}、A[社]{しゃ:company:N4}はB[社]{しゃ:company:N4}が[設定]{せってい:setting:N2}していた[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}に[拘束]{こうそく:binding:N1}されます。A[社]{しゃ:company:N4}[独自]{どくじ:original:N1}の[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}で[利用]{りよう:use:N3}したい[場合]{ばあい:case:N3}は、[改めて]{あらためて:anew:N2}[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}の[同意]{どうい:consent:N4}を[得る]{える:to obtain:N3}[必要]{ひつよう:necessity:N3}があります。\n\n#en\nWhen personal information is transferred through business succession (merger, company split, business transfer, etc.), the successor business operator must use the personal information only within the scope of the purpose of use established before the succession. In other words, if Company A absorbs Company B through a merger, Company A is bound by the purpose of use that Company B had established. If Company A wishes to use the data for its own purposes, it must obtain the individual's consent anew.\n::\n\n::heading\n[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[禁止]{きんし:prohibition:N2}（[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}）— 2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}\n\n#en\nProhibition of Improper Use (Article 19) — Newly Established by 2020 Amendment\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}は、2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}（2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[施行]{しこう:enforcement:N1}）で[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}された[条文]{じょうぶん:article, provision:N1}です。[改正前]{かいせいまえ:before amendment:N2}の[法律]{ほうりつ:law:N2}にはこの[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}は[存在]{そんざい:existence:N3}しませんでした。[内容]{ないよう:content:N3}は、[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[取扱]{とりあつかい:handling:N1}[事業者]{じぎょうしゃ:business operator:N4}は、[違法]{いほう:illegal:N3}または[不当]{ふとう:unjust:N3}な[行為]{こうい:act:N1}を[助長]{じょちょう:promotion:N3}し、または[誘発]{ゆうはつ:inducement:N1}するおそれがある[方法]{ほうほう:method:N3}により[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[利用]{りよう:use:N3}してはならない、というものです。[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}の[背景]{はいけい:background:N3}には、[技術]{ぎじゅつ:technology:N2}の[発展]{はってん:development:N1}により[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}の[不正]{ふせい:fraudulent:N4}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[態様]{たいよう:mode:N1}が[多様化]{たようか:diversification:N3}したことがあります。\n\n#en\nArticle 19 is a provision newly established by the 2020 amendment (enforced April 2022). This provision did NOT exist in the law prior to the amendment. Its content is that business operators handling personal information must not use personal information in a manner likely to promote or induce illegal or unjust acts. The background for this new provision is that advances in technology have diversified the modes of fraudulent use of personal information.\n::\n\n::callout\n[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}のポイント：[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}は2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}で[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}された[条文]{じょうぶん:provision:N1}であり、[改正前]{かいせいまえ:before amendment:N2}には[存在]{そんざい:existence:N3}しなかった。[試験]{しけん:exam:N4}では「いつ[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}されたか」「[改正前]{かいせいまえ:before amendment:N2}に[同様]{どうよう:similar:N3}の[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}はあったか」という[問い]{とい:question:N4}が[出る]{でる:to appear:N5}。[答え]{こたえ:answer:N4}：2020[年]{ねん:year:N5}[改正]{かいせい:amendment:N2}（[令和]{れいわ:Reiwa:N2}2[年]{ねん:year:N5}）で[新設]{しんせつ:newly established:N2}、2022[年]{ねん:year:N5}4[月]{がつ:month:N5}[施行]{しこう:enforcement:N1}。[改正前]{かいせいまえ:before amendment:N2}には[同様]{どうよう:similar:N3}の[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}は[存在]{そんざい:existence:N3}しなかった。\n\n#en\nExam Point: Article 19 is a provision newly established by the 2020 amendment — it did NOT exist before. The exam asks \"when was it established\" and \"was there a similar provision before the amendment?\" Answer: Newly established by the 2020 amendment (Reiwa 2), enforced April 2022. No similar provision existed before the amendment.\n::\n\n::para\n[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}の[最大]{さいだい:greatest:N3}の[特徴]{とくちょう:characteristic:N1}は、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[範囲]{はんい:scope:N1}[内]{ない:within:N3}の[利用]{りよう:use:N3}であっても[適用]{てきよう:application:N3}されるという[点]{てん:point:N3}です。[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}が[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside the purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}を[制限]{せいげん:restriction:N3}するのに[対し]{たいし:in contrast:N3}、[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}は[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}[内]{ない:within:N3}であっても[違法]{いほう:illegal:N3}・[不当]{ふとう:unjust:N3}な[行為]{こうい:act:N1}につながる[利用]{りよう:use:N3}を[禁止]{きんし:prohibition:N2}します。つまり、[法]{ほう:law:N3}18[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}と[法]{ほう:law:N3}19[条]{じょう:article (law):N1}は[相互]{そうご:mutual:N3}[補完]{ほかん:complement:N2}の[関係]{かんけい:relationship:N3}にあり、「[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}[内]{ない:within:N3}だから[何]{なん:what:N5}でも[許される]{ゆるされる:permitted:N3}」というわけではないことを[明確]{めいかく:clear:N3}にした[規定]{きてい:provision:N3}です。\n\n#en\nThe most significant feature of Article 19 is that it applies even to use that is within the scope of the stated purpose. While Article 18 restricts use outside the purpose, Article 19 prohibits use that leads to illegal or unjust acts even when within the purpose. In other words, Articles 18 and 19 are complementary, and this provision clarifies that \"just because use is within the purpose does not mean anything goes.\"\n::\n\n::heading\n[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[具体]{ぐたい:concrete:N3}[例]{れい:example:N3}（ガイドライン）\n\n#en\nSpecific Examples of Improper Use (Guidelines)\n::\n\n::para\nガイドラインが[示す]{しめす:to show:N3}[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[具体]{ぐたい:concrete:N3}[例]{れい:example:N3}は[以下]{いか:the following:N4}の[通り]{とおり:as follows:N4}です。[差別的]{さべつてき:discriminatory:N3}な[取扱い]{とりあつかい:treatment:N1}を[行う]{おこなう:to carry out:N5}[団体]{だんたい:organization:N2}・[個人]{こじん:individual:N2}に[対して]{たいして:toward:N3}[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}。[破産者]{はさんしゃ:bankrupt person:N3}の[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}を[集約]{しゅうやく:consolidation:N3}してブラックリストを[作成]{さくせい:creation:N3}し、[差別的]{さべつてき:discriminatory:N3}な[貸付]{かしつけ:lending:N3}[判断]{はんだん:judgment:N3}に[利用]{りよう:use:N3}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}。ストーカー[行為]{こうい:act:N1}を[助長]{じょちょう:promotion:N3}するために[対象者]{たいしょうしゃ:target person:N2}の[所在]{しょざい:whereabouts:N3}[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}を[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}。[暴力団]{ぼうりょくだん:organized crime group:N2}の[活動]{かつどう:activity:N3}を[助長]{じょちょう:promotion:N3}する[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}で[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}を[提供]{ていきょう:provision:N1}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}。[裁判所]{さいばんしょ:court:N1}による[公表]{こうひょう:public announcement:N3}[命令]{めいれい:order:N2}の[対象]{たいしょう:target:N2}となった[破産者]{はさんしゃ:bankrupt person:N3}の[情報]{じょうほう:information:N3}をインターネット[上]{じょう:on:N5}で[公開]{こうかい:disclosure:N4}して[嫌がらせ]{いやがらせ:harassment:N1}に[利用]{りよう:use:N3}する[行為]{こうい:act:N1}。\n\n#en\nThe specific examples of improper use indicated by the guidelines are as follows. Providing personal information to organizations or individuals who engage in discriminatory treatment. Creating blacklists by consolidating bankrupt persons' information and using them for discriminatory lending decisions. Providing the whereabouts information of a target person to facilitate stalking. Providing personal information for the purpose of promoting the activities of organized crime groups. Publishing information about bankrupts subject to a court publication order on the internet to use for harassment.\n::\n\n::heading\n[実務]{じつむ:practical work:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}のポイント\n\n#en\nPractical Points\n::\n\n::para\n[実務]{じつむ:practical work:N3}[上]{じょう:in terms of:N5}、[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}の[特定]{とくてい:specification:N3}・[管理]{かんり:management:N2}は[個人情報]{こじんじょうほう:personal information:N2}[保護]{ほご:protection:N1}の[基盤]{きばん:foundation:N1}です。プライバシーポリシーに[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[目的]{もくてき:purpose:N4}を[具体的]{ぐたいてき:specific:N3}に[明記]{めいき:clearly stated:N3}し、[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition:N3}[時]{じ:time:N5}に[本人]{ほんにん:the person in question:N5}へ[通知]{つうち:notification:N4}・[公表]{こうひょう:public announcement:N3}することが[求められます]{もとめられます:required:N3}。[社内]{しゃない:within the company:N3}[研修]{けんしゅう:training:N1}を[通じて]{つうじて:through:N4}[従業員]{じゅうぎょういん:employee:N1}に[目的外]{もくてきがい:outside the purpose:N4}[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[禁止]{きんし:prohibition:N2}と[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper:N3}な[利用]{りよう:use:N3}の[禁止]{きんし:prohibition:N2}を[周知]{しゅうち:dissemination:N2}し、[定期的]{ていきてき:regular:N3}に[利用]{りよう:use:N3}[状況]{じょうきょう:situation:N2}を[監査]{かんさ:audit:N1}する[体制]{たいせい:system, framework:N3}を[構築]{こうちく:construction:N2}することが[不可欠]{ふかけつ:indispensable:N3}です。\n\n#en\nIn practice, specifying and managing the purpose of use is the foundation of personal information protection. The purpose of use must be specifically stated in the privacy policy, and the individual must be notified or it must be publicly announced at the time of acquisition. It is indispensable to disseminate the prohibition of use outside the purpose and the prohibition of improper use to employees through internal training, and to establish a framework for regularly auditing usage.\n::\n",{"id":437,"title":443,"titleEn":444,"topicPath":445,"questions":446},"第３編 個人情報に関する義務 確認テスト","Chapter 3: Obligations Regarding Personal Information — Practice Test","software\u002Fkojin-joho-hogo\u002Fkadai-1\u002Fhen-03-kojin-joho-gimu",[447,475,498,522,546],{"id":448,"articleId":6,"question":449,"options":452,"correctLabel":458,"explanation":469,"tags":472},"kjh-k1-h03-q01",{"en":450,"jp":451},"Which of the following is correct about \"specification of purpose of use\" under Article 17?","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}17[条]{じょう:article}の「[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}の[特定]{とくてい:specification}」について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[453,457,461,465],{"label":454,"jp":455,"en":456},"ア","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}は「お[客様]{きゃくさま:customer}サービスの[向上]{こうじょう:improvement}のため」のように[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract}でもよい","The purpose of use can be abstract, such as \"for improvement of customer service\"",{"label":458,"jp":459,"en":460},"イ","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}は[本人]{ほんにん:individual}が[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable}に[予測]{よそく:predict}できる[程度]{ていど:degree}に[特定]{とくてい:specify}する[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}がある","The purpose of use must be specified to a degree that the individual can reasonably predict",{"label":462,"jp":463,"en":464},"ウ","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}の[特定]{とくてい:specification}は[努力]{どりょく:effort}[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}である","Specification of purpose of use is merely an effort obligation",{"label":466,"jp":467,"en":468},"エ","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}は[口頭]{こうとう:verbal}で[伝]{つた:convey}えれば[足]{た:sufficient}りる","It is sufficient to convey the purpose verbally",{"en":470,"jp":471},"Article 17 obligates specifying the purpose of use \"as much as possible.\" Abstract expressions like \"improvement of customer service\" are considered insufficient.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}17[条]{じょう:article}は[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}を「できる[限]{かぎ:as much as}り[特定]{とくてい:specify}」することを[義務]{ぎむ:obligation}づけている。「お[客様]{きゃくさま:customer}サービスの[向上]{こうじょう:improvement}」のような[抽象的]{ちゅうしょうてき:abstract}な[表現]{ひょうげん:expression}では[不十分]{ふじゅうぶん:insufficient}とされている。",[473,474],"利用目的の特定","17条",{"id":476,"articleId":6,"question":477,"options":480,"correctLabel":462,"explanation":493,"tags":496},"kjh-k1-h03-q02",{"en":478,"jp":479},"Which of the following is correct about changing the purpose of use?","[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}の[変更]{へんこう:change}について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[481,484,487,490],{"label":454,"jp":482,"en":483},"[変更]{へんこう:change}[前]{まえ:before}の[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}と[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance}がなくても[自由]{じゆう:free}に[変更]{へんこう:change}できる","The purpose can be freely changed even without relevance to the original purpose",{"label":458,"jp":485,"en":486},"[変更]{へんこう:change}は[一切]{いっさい:at all}[認]{みと:permitted}められない","No changes are permitted at all",{"label":462,"jp":488,"en":489},"[変更]{へんこう:changed}は[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable}に[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance}があると[認]{みと:recognized}められる[範囲]{はんい:scope}で[可能]{かのう:possible}","Changes are possible within a scope that is reasonably related",{"label":466,"jp":491,"en":492},"[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}があれば[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance}は[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary}","Relevance is unnecessary if the individual consents",{"en":494,"jp":495},"Under Article 17(2), changes to the purpose of use are limited to a scope \"reasonably recognized as related to the original purpose.\" For unrelated changes, new consent must be obtained.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}17[条]{じょう:article}2[項]{こう:paragraph}により、[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}の[変更]{へんこう:change}は「[変更]{へんこう:change}[前]{まえ:before}の[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}と[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance}を[有]{ゆう:have}すると[合理的]{ごうりてき:reasonable}に[認]{みと:recognized}められる[範囲]{はんい:scope}」に[限]{かぎ:limited}られる。[関連性]{かんれんせい:relevance}のない[変更]{へんこう:change}には[改]{あらた:new}めて[同意]{どうい:consent}[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}。",[497],"利用目的の変更",{"id":499,"articleId":6,"question":500,"options":503,"correctLabel":466,"explanation":516,"tags":519},"kjh-k1-h03-q03",{"en":501,"jp":502},"Which of the following is NOT an exception to the restriction on use by purpose under Article 18?","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}18[条]{じょう:article}の[利用]{りよう:use}[目的]{もくてき:purpose}による[制限]{せいげん:restriction}の[例外]{れいがい:exception}に[該当]{がいとう:applicable}しないものはどれか。",[504,507,510,513],{"label":454,"jp":505,"en":506},"[法令]{ほうれい:laws and regulations}に[基]{もと:based}づく[場合]{ばあい:case}","When based on laws and regulations",{"label":458,"jp":508,"en":509},"[人]{ひと:person}の[生命]{せいめい:life}、[身体]{しんたい:body}[又]{また:or}は[財産]{ざいさん:property}の[保護]{ほご:protection}に[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}な[場合]{ばあい:case}","When necessary for protection of life, body, or property",{"label":462,"jp":511,"en":512},"[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}を[得]{え:obtain}ることが[困難]{こんなん:difficult}な[場合]{ばあい:case}","When it is difficult to obtain the individual's consent",{"label":466,"jp":514,"en":515},"[自社]{じしゃ:own company}の[売上]{うりあげ:sales}[向上]{こうじょう:improvement}のために[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}な[場合]{ばあい:case}","When necessary for improving the company's sales",{"en":517,"jp":518},"Exceptions under Article 18 include cases based on laws, protection of life\u002Fbody\u002Fproperty, public health\u002Fchild welfare, and cooperation with government agencies. Improving the company's sales is not an exception.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}18[条]{じょう:article}の[例外]{れいがい:exception}[事由]{じゆう:grounds}は、[法令]{ほうれい:laws}に[基]{もと:based}づく[場合]{ばあい:case}、[生命]{せいめい:life}・[身体]{しんたい:body}・[財産]{ざいさん:property}の[保護]{ほご:protection}、[公衆]{こうしゅう:public}[衛生]{えいせい:health}・[児童]{じどう:child}の[健全]{けんぜん:sound}[育成]{いくせい:development}、[国]{くに:state}の[機関]{きかん:agency}への[協力]{きょうりょく:cooperation}などである。[自社]{じしゃ:own company}の[売上]{うりあげ:sales}[向上]{こうじょう:improvement}は[例外]{れいがい:exception}に[該当]{がいとう:applicable}しない。",[520,521],"18条","例外事由",{"id":523,"articleId":6,"question":524,"options":527,"correctLabel":458,"explanation":540,"tags":543},"kjh-k1-h03-q04",{"en":525,"jp":526},"Which of the following is correct about the \"prohibition of improper use\" under Article 19?","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}19[条]{じょう:article}の「[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper}な[利用]{りよう:use}の[禁止]{きんし:prohibition}」について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[528,531,534,537],{"label":454,"jp":529,"en":530},"2003[年]{ねん:year}の[法]{ほう:law}[制定]{せいてい:enactment}[時]{じ:time}から[存在]{そんざい:existed}する[規定]{きてい:provision}である","This provision has existed since the law was enacted in 2003",{"label":458,"jp":532,"en":533},"[違法]{いほう:illegal}[又]{また:or}は[不当]{ふとう:improper}な[行為]{こうい:act}を[助長]{じょちょう:promote}するおそれがある[方法]{ほうほう:method}での[利用]{りよう:use}を[禁止]{きんし:prohibit}する","It prohibits use in a manner that may promote illegal or improper acts",{"label":462,"jp":535,"en":536},"[罰則]{ばっそく:penalty}の[対象]{たいしょう:subject}ではない","It is not subject to penalties",{"label":466,"jp":538,"en":539},"[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}があれば[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper}[利用]{りよう:use}も[許容]{きょよう:tolerated}される","Improper use is tolerated if the individual consents",{"en":541,"jp":542},"Article 19 was newly established in the 2020 amendment and prohibits use in a manner that may promote illegal or improper acts. Improper use is not tolerated even with the individual's consent.","[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}19[条]{じょう:article}は2020[年]{ねん:year}[改正]{かいせい:amendment}で[新設]{しんせつ:newly established}された[規定]{きてい:provision}で、[違法]{いほう:illegal}・[不当]{ふとう:improper}な[行為]{こうい:act}を[助長]{じょちょう:promote}するおそれがある[方法]{ほうほう:method}での[利用]{りよう:use}を[禁止]{きんし:prohibit}する。[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}があっても[不適正]{ふてきせい:improper}[利用]{りよう:use}は[許容]{きょよう:tolerated}されない。",[544,545],"不適正利用","19条",{"id":547,"articleId":548,"question":549,"options":552,"correctLabel":458,"explanation":565,"tags":568},"kjh-k1-h03-q05","kjh-k1-h03-tekisei-shutoku",{"en":550,"jp":551},"Which of the following is correct about acquisition of special care-required personal information (Article 20(2))?","[要]{よう:requiring}[配慮]{はいりょ:consideration}[個人]{こじん:personal}[情報]{じょうほう:information}の[取得]{しゅとく:acquisition}（[法]{ほう:law}[第]{だい:article}20[条]{じょう:article}2[項]{こう:paragraph}）について[正]{ただ:correct}しいものはどれか。",[553,556,559,562],{"label":454,"jp":554,"en":555},"[原則]{げんそく:principle}として[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}なく[取得]{しゅとく:acquire}できる","It can be acquired without the individual's consent in principle",{"label":458,"jp":557,"en":558},"[原則]{げんそく:principle}として[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}である","The individual's consent is required in principle",{"label":462,"jp":560,"en":561},"[行政]{ぎょうせい:government}[機関]{きかん:agency}からの[提供]{ていきょう:provision}であれば[同意]{どうい:consent}は[不要]{ふよう:unnecessary}","Consent is unnecessary if provided by a government agency",{"label":466,"jp":563,"en":564},"[本人]{ほんにん:individual}が[自]{みずか:voluntarily}ら[公開]{こうかい:disclosed}した[場合]{ばあい:case}でも[同意]{どうい:consent}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}","Consent is required even when the individual has voluntarily disclosed the information",{"en":566,"jp":567},"Special care-required personal information requires the individual's consent in principle. Exceptions include cases based on laws or when the individual has voluntarily disclosed the information. Even provision from government agencies requires consent in principle.","[要]{よう:requiring}[配慮]{はいりょ:consideration}[個人]{こじん:personal}[情報]{じょうほう:information}は[原則]{げんそく:principle}として[本人]{ほんにん:individual}の[同意]{どうい:consent}が[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}。ただし[法令]{ほうれい:laws}に[基]{もと:based}づく[場合]{ばあい:case}や[本人]{ほんにん:individual}が[自]{みずか:voluntarily}ら[公開]{こうかい:disclosed}した[場合]{ばあい:case}などは[例外]{れいがい:exception}。[行政]{ぎょうせい:government}[機関]{きかん:agency}からの[提供]{ていきょう:provision}でも[原則]{げんそく:principle}[同意]{どうい:consent}は[必要]{ひつよう:necessary}。",[569,570],"要配慮個人情報","20条"]