[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"category:business-japanese":3},{"items":4,"total":1127,"limit":1128,"offset":1129},[5,71,132,207,268,329,395,452,509,574,639,698,765,829,894,947,1011,1072],{"type":6,"articleId":7,"slug":8,"title":9,"titleEn":10,"category":11,"summary":12,"publishedAt":13,"image":14,"vocabulary":15,"quizId":70},"article","bj-job-gata-koyou","job-gata-koyou","ジョブ型雇用への移行 — メンバーシップ型からの脱却","Shift to Job-Based Employment: Moving Away from Membership-Type","business-japanese","Overview of Japan's shift from membership-type employment (member-gata) to job-based employment (job-gata). Covers the traditional new-graduate batch hiring → assignment → rotation → retirement model, the job description (shokumu-kijutsusho) starting point of job-gata, skill-based pay, leading adopters (Hitachi, Fujitsu, KDDI, Sony) since 2020, merits and demerits, the 2024-2025 expansion trend, government reskilling policy, and why job-gata fits foreign engineers.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-job-gata-koyou.png",[16,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,58,62,66],{"word":17,"reading":18,"meaning":19,"level":20},"雇用","こよう","employment","N1",{"word":22,"reading":23,"meaning":24,"level":20},"移行","いこう","shift",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":20},"脱却","だっきゃく","breaking away",{"word":30,"reading":31,"meaning":32,"level":20},"職務","しょくむ","job duties",{"word":34,"reading":35,"meaning":36,"level":20},"記述書","きじゅつしょ","description document",{"word":38,"reading":39,"meaning":40,"level":20},"報酬","ほうしゅう","compensation",{"word":42,"reading":43,"meaning":44,"level":20},"異動","いどう","transfer",{"word":46,"reading":47,"meaning":48,"level":20},"配属","はいぞく","assignment to a post",{"word":50,"reading":51,"meaning":52,"level":20},"一括","いっかつ","lump",{"word":54,"reading":55,"meaning":56,"level":57},"採用","さいよう","hiring","N2",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":20},"専門性","せんもんせい","specialization",{"word":63,"reading":64,"meaning":65,"level":20},"中途","ちゅうと","mid-career",{"word":67,"reading":68,"meaning":69,"level":20},"推進","すいしん","promotion (of policy)","bj-job-gata-koyou-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":72,"slug":73,"title":74,"titleEn":75,"category":11,"summary":76,"publishedAt":13,"image":77,"vocabulary":78,"quizId":131},"bj-karoushi-hatarakikata","karoushi-hatarakikata","過労死と働き方改革 — 残業規制の歴史と現状","Karoushi and Work-Style Reform: Overtime Regulation in Japan","Exam-prep article tracing Japan's overtime culture from the 1970s coining of \"karoushi\" through the watershed 2015 Dentsu\u002FTakahashi Matsuri case and the 2019 Work-Style Reform Related Laws. Covers the special-clause 36-Agreement absolute caps (100h\u002Fmonth, 720h\u002Fyear), mandatory 5-day paid leave, equal pay for equal work, the High Professional system, the 2024 application of caps to truck drivers, construction workers and physicians (after a 5-year grace period), the illegality of service zangyo (unpaid overtime), the karoushi line (80h+\u002Fmonth), and international comparisons with Germany and France.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-karoushi-hatarakikata.png",[79,83,87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119,123,127],{"word":80,"reading":81,"meaning":82,"level":20},"過労死","かろうし","death from overwork",{"word":84,"reading":85,"meaning":86,"level":20},"働き方改革","はたらきかたかいかく","work-style reform",{"word":88,"reading":89,"meaning":90,"level":57},"残業","ざんぎょう","overtime",{"word":92,"reading":93,"meaning":94,"level":20},"三六協定","さぶろくきょうてい","36-Agreement",{"word":96,"reading":97,"meaning":98,"level":20},"特別条項","とくべつじょうこう","special clause",{"word":100,"reading":101,"meaning":102,"level":20},"上限規制","じょうげんきせい","upper-limit regulation",{"word":104,"reading":105,"meaning":106,"level":57},"有給休暇","ゆうきゅうきゅうか","paid leave",{"word":108,"reading":109,"meaning":110,"level":20},"同一労働同一賃金","どういつろうどうどういつちんぎん","equal pay for equal work",{"word":112,"reading":113,"meaning":114,"level":20},"高度プロフェッショナル制度","こうどぷろふぇっしょなるせいど","High Professional system",{"word":116,"reading":117,"meaning":118,"level":57},"サービス残業","さーびすざんぎょう","unpaid overtime",{"word":120,"reading":121,"meaning":122,"level":20},"過労死ライン","かろうしらいん","karoushi line",{"word":124,"reading":125,"meaning":126,"level":20},"猶予期間","ゆうよきかん","grace period",{"word":128,"reading":129,"meaning":130,"level":20},"労災","ろうさい","workplace-accident insurance \u002F industrial accident","bj-karoushi-hatarakikata-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":133,"slug":134,"title":135,"titleEn":136,"category":11,"summary":137,"publishedAt":13,"image":138,"vocabulary":139,"quizId":206},"bj-nomikai-survival","nomikai-survival","飲み会・ノミニケーション完全攻略 — 新人エンジニアのサバイバルガイド","Nomikai Survival: A Newcomer's Guide to Japanese Workplace Drinking Culture","A practical, modern guide to surviving — and even enjoying — Japanese workplace\ndrinking events. Covers nominication culture, kamiza\u002Fshimoza seating, ojaku\npouring etiquette, kanpai timing, the nijikai flow, payment customs, and how\nthe post-COVID shift makes opting out (or going non-alcoholic) increasingly\nacceptable.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-nomikai-survival.png",[140,145,149,154,158,162,166,170,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,202],{"word":141,"reading":142,"meaning":143,"level":144},"飲み会","のみかい","drinking party \u002F work drinks","N4",{"word":146,"reading":147,"meaning":148,"level":57},"ノミニケーション","のみにけーしょん","drink + communication (workplace bonding over drinks)",{"word":150,"reading":151,"meaning":152,"level":153},"歓迎会","かんげいかい","welcome party","N3",{"word":155,"reading":156,"meaning":157,"level":153},"送別会","そうべつかい","farewell party",{"word":159,"reading":160,"meaning":161,"level":153},"忘年会","ぼうねんかい","year-end party",{"word":163,"reading":164,"meaning":165,"level":153},"新年会","しんねんかい","new year party",{"word":167,"reading":168,"meaning":169,"level":57},"接待","せったい","business entertainment (with clients)",{"word":171,"reading":172,"meaning":173,"level":57},"上座","かみざ","seat of honor (furthest from the door)",{"word":175,"reading":176,"meaning":177,"level":57},"下座","しもざ","lowest seat (closest to the door)",{"word":179,"reading":180,"meaning":181,"level":144},"乾杯","かんぱい","cheers \u002F toast",{"word":183,"reading":184,"meaning":185,"level":57},"お酌","おしゃく","pouring drinks for others",{"word":187,"reading":188,"meaning":189,"level":57},"一気飲み","いっきのみ","chugging \u002F drinking in one go",{"word":191,"reading":192,"meaning":193,"level":57},"アルハラ","あるはら","alcohol harassment",{"word":195,"reading":196,"meaning":197,"level":57},"お通し","おとおし","small appetizer (cover charge)",{"word":199,"reading":200,"meaning":201,"level":153},"二次会","にじかい","after-party (second venue)",{"word":203,"reading":204,"meaning":205,"level":57},"会費制","かいひせい","flat-fee payment system","bj-nomikai-survival-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":208,"slug":209,"title":210,"titleEn":211,"category":11,"summary":212,"publishedAt":13,"image":213,"vocabulary":214,"quizId":267},"bj-sankyu-ikukyu","sankyu-ikukyu","産休・育休制度の実務 — 取得スケジュールと給付金","Maternity & Parental Leave in Japan: Schedule and Benefits","Practical guide to Japan's maternity (産休) and parental (育休) leave systems — covering the prenatal-6-week \u002F postnatal-8-week (14 weeks for multiples) leave under the LSA, the Health Insurance maternity allowance (出産手当金) at two-thirds of wages, child-care leave to age 1 (extendable to 2), the Employment Insurance parental-leave benefit (育児休業給付金) at 67% for the first 6 months and 50% thereafter, the 2022 post-birth paternity leave (産後パパ育休) of up to 4 weeks split-takeable, the 2025 reform requiring companies with over 1,000 employees to disclose male take-up rates, return-to-work flow, short-time work arrangements, the prohibition on disadvantageous treatment under the Child Care and Family Care Leave Act, and equal application to foreign workers.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-sankyu-ikukyu.png",[215,219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,251,255,259,263],{"word":216,"reading":217,"meaning":218,"level":20},"産前産後休業","さんぜんさんごきゅうぎょう","maternity leave (pre\u002Fpost-natal)",{"word":220,"reading":221,"meaning":222,"level":20},"育児休業","いくじきゅうぎょう","child-care leave",{"word":224,"reading":225,"meaning":226,"level":20},"出産手当金","しゅっさんてあてきん","maternity allowance",{"word":228,"reading":229,"meaning":230,"level":20},"育児休業給付金","いくじきゅうぎょうきゅうふきん","parental leave benefit",{"word":232,"reading":233,"meaning":234,"level":20},"産後パパ育休","さんごぱぱいくきゅう","post-birth paternity leave",{"word":236,"reading":237,"meaning":238,"level":20},"出生時育児休業","しゅっしょうじいくじきゅうぎょう","post-birth child-care leave (formal name)",{"word":240,"reading":241,"meaning":242,"level":20},"雇用保険","こようほけん","employment insurance",{"word":244,"reading":245,"meaning":246,"level":20},"健康保険","けんこうほけん","health insurance",{"word":248,"reading":249,"meaning":250,"level":20},"育介法","いくかいほう","Child Care and Family Care Leave Act (abbr.)",{"word":252,"reading":253,"meaning":254,"level":20},"不利益取扱い","ふりえきとりあつかい","disadvantageous treatment",{"word":256,"reading":257,"meaning":258,"level":20},"短時間勤務制度","たんじかんきんむせいど","short-time work system",{"word":260,"reading":261,"meaning":262,"level":20},"復職","ふくしょく","return to work",{"word":264,"reading":265,"meaning":266,"level":20},"公表義務","こうひょうぎむ","disclosure obligation","bj-sankyu-ikukyu-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":269,"slug":270,"title":271,"titleEn":272,"category":11,"summary":273,"publishedAt":13,"image":274,"vocabulary":275,"quizId":328},"bj-shukatsu-shinsotsu","shukatsu-shinsotsu","新卒就活の流れ — エントリーシートから内定まで","Japanese New-Grad Job Hunting: ES, Mendan, Naitei","An end-to-end map of Japan's new-graduate job-hunting cycle. Covers the\nKeidanren schedule (junior-year summer interns through final-year June\nselection start), the rise of saiyou-chokketsu internships from 2025, ES\nstructure (志望動機 \u002F 自己PR \u002F ガクチカ), web tests (SPI, Tamatebako, GAB),\ngroup discussions, multi-round interviews, recruiter mentoring, OB-OG visits,\nthe difference between 内々定 and 内定, and the etiquette of declining offers.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-shukatsu-shinsotsu.png",[276,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324],{"word":277,"reading":278,"meaning":279,"level":153},"就活","しゅうかつ","job hunting (abbrev. of 就職活動)",{"word":281,"reading":282,"meaning":283,"level":57},"新卒","しんそつ","new graduate",{"word":285,"reading":286,"meaning":287,"level":20},"経団連","けいだんれん","Japan Business Federation",{"word":289,"reading":290,"meaning":291,"level":20},"情報解禁","じょうほうかいきん","information release date (recruiting opens)",{"word":293,"reading":294,"meaning":295,"level":20},"選考解禁","せんこうかいきん","selection start date",{"word":297,"reading":298,"meaning":299,"level":57},"志望動機","しぼうどうき","motivation for applying",{"word":301,"reading":302,"meaning":303,"level":57},"自己PR","じこぴーあーる","self-promotion \u002F personal pitch",{"word":305,"reading":306,"meaning":307,"level":20},"ガクチカ","がくちか","what you focused on in school (slang for 学生時代に力を入れたこと)",{"word":309,"reading":310,"meaning":311,"level":57},"適性検査","てきせいけんさ","aptitude test",{"word":313,"reading":314,"meaning":315,"level":20},"内々定","ないないてい","informal pre-offer",{"word":317,"reading":318,"meaning":319,"level":57},"内定","ないてい","official job offer",{"word":321,"reading":322,"meaning":323,"level":20},"内定承諾書","ないていしょうだくしょ","offer acceptance form",{"word":325,"reading":326,"meaning":327,"level":20},"内定辞退","ないていじたい","declining an offer","bj-shukatsu-shinsotsu-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":330,"slug":331,"title":332,"titleEn":333,"category":11,"summary":334,"publishedAt":13,"image":335,"vocabulary":336,"quizId":394},"bj-taishoku-todoke","taishoku-todoke","退職届と退職願 — 違いと書き方、円満退職への手順","Taishoku-todoke vs Taishoku-negai: Resignation Letters in Japan","A practical guide to leaving a Japanese company on good terms. Learn the\nlegally critical distinction between taishoku-negai (a request) and\ntaishoku-todoke (a final notice), the Civil Code Article 627 two-week rule,\nthe standard 1-3 month timeline, the exact phrasing for the letter\n(\"ishin-jou no tsugou\"), how to negotiate paid leave, what documents you\nmust receive on your last day, and why taishoku-daikou services have surged.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-taishoku-todoke.png",[337,341,345,349,353,357,361,365,369,370,374,378,382,386,390],{"word":338,"reading":339,"meaning":340,"level":153},"退職","たいしょく","resignation \u002F leaving a job",{"word":342,"reading":343,"meaning":344,"level":57},"退職願","たいしょくねがい","resignation request (withdrawable)",{"word":346,"reading":347,"meaning":348,"level":57},"退職届","たいしょくとどけ","resignation notice (final)",{"word":350,"reading":351,"meaning":352,"level":20},"辞表","じひょう","letter of resignation (executives \u002F civil servants)",{"word":354,"reading":355,"meaning":356,"level":20},"一身上の都合","いっしんじょうのつごう","personal reasons (set phrase)",{"word":358,"reading":359,"meaning":360,"level":20},"円満退職","えんまんたいしょく","amicable resignation",{"word":362,"reading":363,"meaning":364,"level":57},"直属の上司","ちょくぞくのじょうし","immediate supervisor",{"word":366,"reading":367,"meaning":368,"level":57},"引継ぎ書","ひきつぎしょ","handover document",{"word":104,"reading":105,"meaning":106,"level":57},{"word":371,"reading":372,"meaning":373,"level":20},"民法","みんぽう","Civil Code",{"word":375,"reading":376,"meaning":377,"level":57},"雇用契約","こようけいやく","employment contract",{"word":379,"reading":380,"meaning":381,"level":20},"競業避止義務","きょうぎょうひしぎむ","non-compete obligation",{"word":383,"reading":384,"meaning":385,"level":20},"源泉徴収票","げんせんちょうしゅうひょう","withholding tax certificate",{"word":387,"reading":388,"meaning":389,"level":20},"雇用保険被保険者証","こようほけんひほけんしゃしょう","employment insurance certificate",{"word":391,"reading":392,"meaning":393,"level":20},"退職代行","たいしょくだいこう","resignation proxy service","bj-taishoku-todoke-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":396,"slug":397,"title":398,"titleEn":399,"category":11,"summary":400,"publishedAt":13,"image":401,"vocabulary":402,"quizId":451},"bj-telework-policy","telework-policy","テレワーク制度の現状 — コロナ後の在宅勤務とハイブリッド","Telework in Japan Post-COVID: Remote, Hybrid, Return-to-Office","Comprehensive overview of telework in Japan after COVID. Covers pre-pandemic adoption (under 10%), the 2020 surge past 40% under the state of emergency, and the 2025 settled state where two-to-three-day hybrid is the mainstream. Explores industry differences (IT high, manufacturing and retail low), the return-to-office trend at Mercari, GMO, and Rakuten, work-from-home allowances (¥5,000–¥15,000\u002Fmonth), shrinking commuting allowances, third-place use of WeWork, the rural-relocation and workation booms, labour-management challenges (time, health, mental stress), and the government's Digital Garden City Nation Initiative.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fbj-telework-policy.png",[403,407,411,415,419,423,427,431,435,439,443,447],{"word":404,"reading":405,"meaning":406,"level":20},"在宅勤務","ざいたくきんむ","working from home",{"word":408,"reading":409,"meaning":410,"level":20},"普及率","ふきゅうりつ","adoption rate",{"word":412,"reading":413,"meaning":414,"level":20},"緊急事態宣言","きんきゅうじたいせんげん","state of emergency declaration",{"word":416,"reading":417,"meaning":418,"level":20},"出社","しゅっしゃ","coming in to the office",{"word":420,"reading":421,"meaning":422,"level":57},"通勤","つうきん","commuting",{"word":424,"reading":425,"meaning":426,"level":57},"手当","てあて","allowance",{"word":428,"reading":429,"meaning":430,"level":57},"制度","せいど","system",{"word":432,"reading":433,"meaning":434,"level":57},"導入","どうにゅう","introduction",{"word":436,"reading":437,"meaning":438,"level":20},"労務","ろうむ","labour affairs",{"word":440,"reading":441,"meaning":442,"level":153},"健康","けんこう","health",{"word":444,"reading":445,"meaning":446,"level":20},"移住","いじゅう","migration",{"word":448,"reading":449,"meaning":450,"level":20},"構想","こうそう","concept","bj-telework-policy-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":453,"slug":454,"title":455,"titleEn":456,"category":11,"summary":457,"publishedAt":13,"image":458,"vocabulary":459,"quizId":508},"bj-tenshoku-resume","tenshoku-resume","転職活動の進め方 — 履歴書と職務経歴書の書き方","Job Hunting in Japan: Writing Rirekisho and Shokumu-keirekisho","Japan splits the resume into two distinct documents — 履歴書 (standardized\npersonal data form) and 職務経歴書 (free-form work history). 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