[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"category:culture":3},{"items":4,"total":1337,"limit":1338,"offset":1339},[5,79,136,193,262,319,377,430,496,563,631,695,760,826,892,958,1027,1093,1156,1220,1278],{"type":6,"articleId":7,"slug":8,"title":9,"titleEn":10,"category":11,"summary":12,"publishedAt":13,"image":14,"vocabulary":15},"article","culture-anime-studio-ghibli","anime-studio-ghibli","スタジオジブリ作品史 — 宮崎駿・高畑勲・鈴木敏夫が築いた40年","Studio Ghibli: A 40-Year History of Miyazaki, Takahata, and Suzuki","culture","A 40-year history of Studio Ghibli — its 1985 founding under Tokuma Shoten, the three pillars of Miyazaki Hayao, Takahata Isao, and producer Suzuki Toshio, the chronological landmarks from \"Laputa\" to \"The Boy and the Heron,\" the studio's commitment to hand-drawn animation, the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka and Ghibli Park in Aichi, the recent Netflix and HBO Max overseas streaming deals, and the studio's role in raising the quality bar for the entire Japanese animation industry.\n","2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-anime-studio-ghibli.png",[16,21,25,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,63,67,71,75],{"word":17,"reading":18,"meaning":19,"level":20},"設立","せつりつ","founding","N1",{"word":22,"reading":23,"meaning":24,"level":20},"出資","しゅっし","investment",{"word":26,"reading":27,"meaning":28,"level":29},"監督","かんとく","director","N2",{"word":31,"reading":32,"meaning":33,"level":20},"興行","こうぎょう","box office",{"word":35,"reading":36,"meaning":37,"level":20},"邦画","ほうが","domestic Japanese film",{"word":39,"reading":40,"meaning":41,"level":20},"同時上映","どうじじょうえい","double feature",{"word":43,"reading":44,"meaning":45,"level":20},"受賞","じゅしょう","winning an award",{"word":47,"reading":48,"meaning":49,"level":20},"引退","いんたい","retirement",{"word":51,"reading":52,"meaning":53,"level":20},"手描き","てがき","hand-drawn",{"word":55,"reading":56,"meaning":57,"level":20},"配信権","はいしんけん","streaming rights",{"word":59,"reading":60,"meaning":61,"level":62},"美術館","びじゅつかん","art museum","N3",{"word":64,"reading":65,"meaning":66,"level":20},"開園","かいえん","park opening",{"word":68,"reading":69,"meaning":70,"level":29},"品質","ひんしつ","quality",{"word":72,"reading":73,"meaning":74,"level":20},"基準","きじゅん","standard",{"word":76,"reading":77,"meaning":78,"level":29},"影響","えいきょう","influence",{"type":6,"articleId":80,"slug":81,"title":82,"titleEn":83,"category":11,"summary":84,"publishedAt":13,"image":85,"vocabulary":86,"quizId":135},"culture-bonsai-art","bonsai-art","盆栽の世界 — 小宇宙を育てる日本の芸術","Bonsai: The Art of Miniature Trees","An overview of bonsai — the Japanese art of cultivating miniature trees in\nshallow pots. Covers the Chinese penjing origins and Kamakura-era transmission\nto Japan, the major species categories (conifers, deciduous, flowering, fruit),\nclassical tree forms (chokkan, moyougi, kengai, bunjingi), essential tools\nand wiring technique, the Omiya Bonsai Village in Saitama as the world's\nspiritual home, the World Bonsai Convention, and the global boom that has\npushed individual specimen prices into the millions of yen.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-bonsai-art.png",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119,123,127,131],{"word":88,"reading":89,"meaning":90,"level":20},"盆栽","ぼんさい","bonsai (miniature tree art)",{"word":92,"reading":93,"meaning":94,"level":20},"盆景","ぼんけい","penjing (Chinese tray landscape)",{"word":96,"reading":97,"meaning":98,"level":20},"樹形","じゅけい","tree form \u002F shape",{"word":100,"reading":101,"meaning":102,"level":20},"直幹","ちょっかん","chokkan (formal upright)",{"word":104,"reading":105,"meaning":106,"level":20},"模様木","もようぎ","moyougi (informal upright)",{"word":108,"reading":109,"meaning":110,"level":20},"懸崖","けんがい","kengai (cascade style)",{"word":112,"reading":113,"meaning":114,"level":20},"文人木","ぶんじんぎ","bunjingi (literati style)",{"word":116,"reading":117,"meaning":118,"level":20},"五葉松","ごようまつ","Japanese white pine",{"word":120,"reading":121,"meaning":122,"level":29},"黒松","くろまつ","Japanese black pine",{"word":124,"reading":125,"meaning":126,"level":20},"剪定鋏","せんていばさみ","pruning shears",{"word":128,"reading":129,"meaning":130,"level":29},"針金","はりがね","wire",{"word":132,"reading":133,"meaning":134,"level":20},"大宮盆栽村","おおみやぼんさいむら","Omiya Bonsai Village","culture-bonsai-art-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":137,"slug":138,"title":139,"titleEn":140,"category":11,"summary":141,"publishedAt":13,"image":142,"vocabulary":143,"quizId":192},"culture-green-tea-types","green-tea-types","日本茶の種類と淹れ方 — 煎茶・玉露・抹茶の違い","Japanese Green Tea: Sencha, Gyokuro, Matcha and More","A guide to the major types of Japanese green tea — sencha (the everyday cup making up over 70% of domestic consumption), gyokuro (shade-grown for high amino acids), matcha (powdered tencha used in the tea ceremony and now in lattes worldwide), bancha, hōjicha (roasted), and genmaicha (blended with roasted brown rice). Covers the main producing regions (Shizuoka 40%, Kagoshima 30%, Mie, Uji in Kyoto), correct brewing temperatures (gyokuro 50°C, sencha 70-80°C, bancha 95°C), the traditional teaware (kyūsu, yunomi), and the global matcha boom that has reshaped Japan's tea export market.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-green-tea-types.png",[144,148,152,156,160,164,168,172,176,180,184,188],{"word":145,"reading":146,"meaning":147,"level":62},"緑茶","りょくちゃ","green tea",{"word":149,"reading":150,"meaning":151,"level":20},"煎茶","せんちゃ","sencha (steamed leaf tea)",{"word":153,"reading":154,"meaning":155,"level":20},"玉露","ぎょくろ","gyokuro (shade-grown high-grade tea)",{"word":157,"reading":158,"meaning":159,"level":29},"抹茶","まっちゃ","matcha (powdered tea)",{"word":161,"reading":162,"meaning":163,"level":20},"碾茶","てんちゃ","tencha (leaf used to make matcha)",{"word":165,"reading":166,"meaning":167,"level":20},"番茶","ばんちゃ","bancha (lower-grade everyday tea)",{"word":169,"reading":170,"meaning":171,"level":20},"焙煎","ばいせん","roasting",{"word":173,"reading":174,"meaning":175,"level":20},"覆下栽培","おおいしたさいばい","shade cultivation",{"word":177,"reading":178,"meaning":179,"level":29},"産地","さんち","producing region",{"word":181,"reading":182,"meaning":183,"level":20},"急須","きゅうす","small Japanese teapot",{"word":185,"reading":186,"meaning":187,"level":29},"湯呑み","ゆのみ","tea cup",{"word":189,"reading":190,"meaning":191,"level":29},"輸出","ゆしゅつ","export","culture-green-tea-types-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":194,"slug":195,"title":196,"titleEn":197,"category":11,"summary":198,"publishedAt":13,"image":199,"vocabulary":200,"quizId":261},"culture-kabuki-noh-bunraku","kabuki-noh-bunraku","歌舞伎・能・文楽 — 日本三大伝統演劇の世界","Kabuki, Noh, and Bunraku: Japan's Three Great Traditional Theatres","An introduction to Japan's three great traditional performing arts — Kabuki, Noh, and Bunraku — all designated as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. The article traces each form's history (Izumo no Okuni and Edo-period Kabuki, Kan'ami and Zeami's perfection of Noh, the Osaka birth of puppet theatre), explains their distinctive stage conventions (mie poses, the hanamichi, Noh masks, three-puppeteer Bunraku), introduces the shared concepts of kata and the iemoto system, and shows modern visitors how to enjoy a performance through earphone guides and single-act tickets.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-kabuki-noh-bunraku.png",[201,205,209,213,217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,257],{"word":202,"reading":203,"meaning":204,"level":20},"伝統演劇","でんとうえんげき","traditional theatre",{"word":206,"reading":207,"meaning":208,"level":20},"無形文化遺産","むけいぶんかいさん","intangible cultural heritage",{"word":210,"reading":211,"meaning":212,"level":29},"歌舞伎","かぶき","kabuki",{"word":214,"reading":215,"meaning":216,"level":20},"女形","おんながた","male actor playing female roles",{"word":218,"reading":219,"meaning":220,"level":20},"隈取","くまどり","kabuki face makeup",{"word":222,"reading":223,"meaning":224,"level":20},"見得","みえ","dramatic pose (kabuki)",{"word":226,"reading":227,"meaning":228,"level":20},"花道","はなみち","runway through audience to stage",{"word":230,"reading":231,"meaning":232,"level":29},"能","のう","Noh theatre",{"word":234,"reading":235,"meaning":236,"level":20},"能面","のうめん","Noh mask",{"word":238,"reading":239,"meaning":240,"level":20},"文楽","ぶんらく","bunraku puppet theatre",{"word":242,"reading":243,"meaning":244,"level":20},"人形浄瑠璃","にんぎょうじょうるり","puppet narrative theatre",{"word":246,"reading":247,"meaning":248,"level":20},"太夫","たゆう","chanter (bunraku)",{"word":250,"reading":251,"meaning":252,"level":29},"三味線","しゃみせん","shamisen (three-stringed instrument)",{"word":254,"reading":255,"meaning":256,"level":20},"家元制度","いえもとせいど","grand-master \u002F lineage system",{"word":258,"reading":259,"meaning":260,"level":20},"一幕見席","ひとまくみせき","single-act seating","culture-kabuki-noh-bunraku-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":263,"slug":264,"title":265,"titleEn":266,"category":11,"summary":267,"publishedAt":13,"image":268,"vocabulary":269,"quizId":318},"culture-nihon-teien","nihon-teien","日本庭園の世界 — 池泉・枯山水・露地の様式","Japanese Gardens: Pond, Karesansui, and Tea-Roji Styles","An overview of the three principal styles of Japanese garden — chisen-kaiyū (pond stroll gardens), karesansui (dry landscape Zen gardens), and roji (tea-ceremony approach gardens) — together with the three great gardens (Kenroku-en, Kōraku-en, Kairaku-en), the borrowed-scenery (shakkei) technique, the seasonal viewing calendar, and a tour of must-see gardens including Katsura Rikyū, Ryōan-ji, Ritsurin Park, and the Adachi Museum of Art garden, ranked number one in the world for over twenty consecutive years by an American journal.\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-nihon-teien.png",[270,274,278,282,286,290,294,298,302,306,310,314],{"word":271,"reading":272,"meaning":273,"level":20},"庭園","ていえん","garden",{"word":275,"reading":276,"meaning":277,"level":20},"池泉","ちせん","pond and spring (garden style)",{"word":279,"reading":280,"meaning":281,"level":20},"枯山水","かれさんすい","dry landscape garden",{"word":283,"reading":284,"meaning":285,"level":20},"露地","ろじ","tea garden path",{"word":287,"reading":288,"meaning":289,"level":20},"回遊式","かいゆうしき","stroll-style (garden)",{"word":291,"reading":292,"meaning":293,"level":20},"借景","しゃっけい","borrowed scenery",{"word":295,"reading":296,"meaning":297,"level":20},"三大名園","さんだいめいえん","the three great gardens",{"word":299,"reading":300,"meaning":301,"level":20},"禅宗","ぜんしゅう","Zen sect of Buddhism",{"word":303,"reading":304,"meaning":305,"level":29},"様式","ようしき","style",{"word":307,"reading":308,"meaning":309,"level":29},"紅葉","こうよう","autumn leaves",{"word":311,"reading":312,"meaning":313,"level":20},"雪化粧","ゆきげしょう","blanket of snow",{"word":315,"reading":316,"meaning":317,"level":20},"名園","めいえん","famous garden","culture-nihon-teien-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":320,"slug":321,"title":322,"titleEn":323,"category":11,"summary":324,"publishedAt":13,"image":325,"vocabulary":326,"quizId":376},"culture-sake-shochu","sake-shochu","日本酒と焼酎入門 — 製法・産地・飲み方の基礎","Sake and Shochu: Production, Regions, How to Drink","An introduction to Japan's two flagship traditional alcoholic beverages — sake (nihonshu) and shochu. Covers the fundamental distinction between brewed and distilled drinks, the four sake grades defined by rice-polishing ratio (junmai daiginjō, junmai ginjō, junmai-shu, honjōzō), key sake-producing regions (Niigata, Nada in Hyōgo, Fushimi in Kyoto, Akita), the two shochu classes (otsurui honkaku-shōchū vs kōrui), regional shochu specialties by raw material (mugi\u002FŌita, imo\u002FKagoshima-Miyazaki, kome\u002FKumamoto, kokutō\u002FAmami), and the temperature-based vocabulary for serving sake (hiya, jōon, kan and its named gradations) plus shochu serving styles (rokku, mizuwari, oyuwari).\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-sake-shochu.png",[327,331,335,339,343,347,351,355,359,363,364,368,372],{"word":328,"reading":329,"meaning":330,"level":62},"日本酒","にほんしゅ","sake",{"word":332,"reading":333,"meaning":334,"level":20},"清酒","せいしゅ","refined sake (legal term)",{"word":336,"reading":337,"meaning":338,"level":29},"焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu (distilled spirit)",{"word":340,"reading":341,"meaning":342,"level":20},"醸造酒","じょうぞうしゅ","brewed alcohol",{"word":344,"reading":345,"meaning":346,"level":20},"蒸留酒","じょうりゅうしゅ","distilled spirit",{"word":348,"reading":349,"meaning":350,"level":20},"麹","こうじ","kōji mold\u002Fmalted rice",{"word":352,"reading":353,"meaning":354,"level":20},"精米歩合","せいまいぶあい","rice-polishing ratio",{"word":356,"reading":357,"meaning":358,"level":20},"純米大吟醸","じゅんまいだいぎんじょう","junmai daiginjō (top sake grade)",{"word":360,"reading":361,"meaning":362,"level":20},"本醸造","ほんじょうぞう","honjōzō (sake with added alcohol)",{"word":177,"reading":178,"meaning":179,"level":29},{"word":365,"reading":366,"meaning":367,"level":20},"単式蒸留","たんしきじょうりゅう","pot-still (single) distillation",{"word":369,"reading":370,"meaning":371,"level":20},"連続蒸留","れんぞくじょうりゅう","continuous distillation",{"word":373,"reading":374,"meaning":375,"level":20},"燗","かん","warmed sake","culture-sake-shochu-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":378,"slug":379,"title":380,"titleEn":381,"category":11,"summary":382,"publishedAt":13,"image":383,"vocabulary":384,"quizId":429},"culture-shichi-go-san","shichi-go-san","七五三 — 子供の成長を祝う伝統行事","Shichi-Go-San: Celebrating Children's Growth","Shichi-Go-San (literally \"Seven-Five-Three\") is a Shinto-rooted rite of passage held on November 15th, in which boys aged 3 and 5 and girls aged 3 and 7 visit shrines in formal kimono and hakama to give thanks for their healthy growth. Originating in three Edo-period ceremonies — kamioki (3), hakamagi (5), and obitoki (7) — and tied by legend to the fifth Tokugawa shogun Tsunayoshi's prayer for his son's health, the event today has become deeply commercialized through studio photography and dispatched-photographer services, while families also navigate the modern question of \"kazoedoshi\" (counted age) versus \"mannenrei\" (full age).\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-shichi-go-san.png",[385,389,393,397,401,405,409,413,417,421,425],{"word":386,"reading":387,"meaning":388,"level":20},"七五三","しちごさん","Shichi-Go-San (children's growth festival)",{"word":390,"reading":391,"meaning":392,"level":62},"成長","せいちょう","growth",{"word":394,"reading":395,"meaning":396,"level":29},"参拝","さんぱい","shrine\u002Ftemple worship visit",{"word":398,"reading":399,"meaning":400,"level":20},"千歳飴","ちとせあめ","thousand-year candy (long red-white stick)",{"word":402,"reading":403,"meaning":404,"level":20},"袴","はかま","hakama (traditional pleated trousers)",{"word":406,"reading":407,"meaning":408,"level":29},"帯","おび","kimono sash",{"word":410,"reading":411,"meaning":412,"level":20},"着付け","きつけ","dressing in kimono",{"word":414,"reading":415,"meaning":416,"level":20},"数え年","かぞえどし","counted age (traditional age reckoning)",{"word":418,"reading":419,"meaning":420,"level":20},"満年齢","まんねんれい","full age (Western age reckoning)",{"word":422,"reading":423,"meaning":424,"level":20},"健康祈願","けんこうきがん","prayer for health",{"word":426,"reading":427,"meaning":428,"level":29},"出張","しゅっちょう","business trip","culture-shichi-go-san-quiz",{"type":6,"articleId":431,"slug":432,"title":433,"titleEn":434,"category":11,"summary":435,"publishedAt":436,"image":437,"vocabulary":438},"culture-anime-business","anime-business","アニメ・漫画文化と産業構造 — グローバル展開の現状","Anime and Manga Culture and Industry Structure — The Current State of Global Expansion","An overview of the anime and manga industry economics — how the production committee system spreads risk, the publication-to-streaming pipeline, the recent ¥3 trillion globalization milestone with overseas revenue surpassing domestic, the persistent labor and animator wage problems, and a survey of the major studios driving the modern industry.\n","2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-anime-business.png",[439,443,447,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488,492],{"word":440,"reading":441,"meaning":442,"level":29},"産業","さんぎょう","industry",{"word":444,"reading":445,"meaning":446,"level":20},"製作委員会","せいさくいいんかい","production committee",{"word":22,"reading":23,"meaning":24,"level":20},{"word":449,"reading":450,"meaning":451,"level":20},"配信","はいしん","streaming",{"word":453,"reading":454,"meaning":455,"level":29},"売上","うりあげ","sales",{"word":457,"reading":458,"meaning":459,"level":20},"海外展開","かいがいてんかい","overseas expansion",{"word":461,"reading":462,"meaning":463,"level":20},"著作権","ちょさくけん","copyright",{"word":465,"reading":466,"meaning":467,"level":20},"連載","れんさい","serialization",{"word":469,"reading":470,"meaning":471,"level":20},"単行本","たんこうぼん","tankobon volume",{"word":473,"reading":474,"meaning":475,"level":20},"制作会社","せいさくがいしゃ","production company",{"word":477,"reading":478,"meaning":479,"level":20},"原作","げんさく","original work",{"word":481,"reading":482,"meaning":483,"level":20},"印税","いんぜい","royalty",{"word":485,"reading":486,"meaning":487,"level":20},"過酷","かこく","harsh",{"word":489,"reading":490,"meaning":491,"level":29},"労働","ろうどう","labor",{"word":493,"reading":494,"meaning":495,"level":20},"賃金","ちんぎん","wages",{"type":6,"articleId":497,"slug":498,"title":499,"titleEn":500,"category":11,"summary":501,"publishedAt":436,"image":502,"vocabulary":503},"culture-izakaya","izakaya","居酒屋文化と乾杯のマナー — お通しから締めまで","Izakaya Culture and Kanpai Etiquette — From Otōshi to the Final Bite","A practical guide to the izakaya — Japan's casual drinking establishment that doubles as a workplace social ritual. 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Covers each one's gate (torii vs sanmon), main hall, worship procedure (two-bow-two-clap-one-bow vs hands together in silence), clergy (kanmushi vs sōryo), iconography, the exalted \"jingū\" rank, and life events that go to one or the other (hatsumōde, shichi-go-san, weddings, funerals, ohaka-mairi).\n","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.yamiyomi.com\u002Fculture-jinja-tera.png",[639,643,647,651,655,659,661,665,669,673,677,681,685,689,691],{"word":640,"reading":641,"meaning":642,"level":62},"神社","じんじゃ","Shinto shrine",{"word":644,"reading":645,"meaning":646,"level":62},"寺","てら","Buddhist temple",{"word":648,"reading":649,"meaning":650,"level":20},"鳥居","とりい","torii shrine gate",{"word":652,"reading":653,"meaning":654,"level":20},"山門","さんもん","temple main gate",{"word":656,"reading":657,"meaning":658,"level":20},"手水舎","ちょうずや","water purification basin",{"word":394,"reading":395,"meaning":660,"level":20},"worship at a 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